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Introduction To Structural Dynamics

This document provides an overview of a structural dynamics course. The course objectives include understanding structural behavior under dynamic loads, studying single and multi-degree of freedom systems, and determining seismic loads on buildings. The grading breakdown includes assignments, quizzes, exams, and the total grade is out of 100 marks. Dynamic loads on structures are described as loads that vary over time, such as earthquake loads, wind loads, and machine vibrations. Analysis techniques for dynamic loads include single degree of freedom, multi degree of freedom, and finite element analysis.

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75 views

Introduction To Structural Dynamics

This document provides an overview of a structural dynamics course. The course objectives include understanding structural behavior under dynamic loads, studying single and multi-degree of freedom systems, and determining seismic loads on buildings. The grading breakdown includes assignments, quizzes, exams, and the total grade is out of 100 marks. Dynamic loads on structures are described as loads that vary over time, such as earthquake loads, wind loads, and machine vibrations. Analysis techniques for dynamic loads include single degree of freedom, multi degree of freedom, and finite element analysis.

Uploaded by

ebrahimmousa9999
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EARTHQUAKE

CIV 415

Introduction to Structural
Dynamics

Dr. Amin Kotb 3/2021


COURSE OBJECTIVES

• Understanding of the basics principles of structure dynamics.


• Study behavior SDOF Structures under dynamic loads.
• Study the effect of ground motions on structure dynamic response of SDOF.
• Study behavior MDOF Structures under dynamic loads.
• Understanding of the basics principles of Earthquakes.
• Understanding of the structure parameters effecting its response under
earthquake effect.
• Determination of seismic loads on building.
GRADING

• Assignments: 10 Marks
• Quiz one: 7 Marks
• Mid-term exam: 15 Marks
• Quiz Two: 7 Marks
• Final exam: 60 Marks
• Total Grade: 100 Marks
Structural Dynamics
Types of Loads on buildings
Static Loads

Static load are loads that does not change


in magnitude or position with time.

Displacement (∆) =
Structural Dynamics
Types of Loads on buildings

Dynamic Loads

Dynamic load is any load of which its


magnitude, direction, and/or position varies
with time.

Displacement (∆) =

Dynamic amplification factor (DMF) >1


Static Loads
Dynamic Loads

• Earthquake loads.
• Wind loads
• Bomb Blasts
• Rotating Machines
• Hammering loads due to
construction operations.
• Water and wave loads

Wind load
Earthquake load
Types of Dynamic Loads

Periodic Non-Periodic

Bomb blast pressure on building

Machines vibrations Earthquake loads


Types of Dynamic Loads

Deterministic Random
Its characteristic is known Its characteristic is unknown

• Rotating Machines • Wind loads


• Record Earthquake • Next earthquake
Degree of freedom
The number of degree of freedoms required for dynamic analysis is
the number of independent displacements required to define the
displaced position of all masses relative to the original position

1-DOF 2-DOF
Mathematical Models
Continuous Model Discrete (Lumped Mass) Model
• Mass is concentrated into a number of points.
• Realistic representation of the actual situation. • In this procedure, the mass of the system is assumed to
• Difficult to analyze be concentrated at discrete locations.
• Mathematical formulation results in a system • This is suitable for systems in which a large portion of
of partial deferential equations. the total mass actually is concentrated at a few
discrete locations.
Dynamic Analysis Techniques
(for Lumped masses)

Single Degree of Freedom Multi Degree of Freedom Finite Element Analysis


(SDOF) (MDOF) (FE)
The entire structure mass is A system where the mass od structure is
concentrated at single point with lumped across several points with
only one motion direction several motion direction included.
considered .
Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Systems
• A system for which only one spatial coordinate is required to define the
configuration is termed a Single-Degree-of-Freedom system.

• Information obtained from a SDOF system often allows adequate


preliminary analysis of complicated structures to be carried out with
sufficient accuracy.

External force, which represent the


blast load –as an example- applied on
the SDOF system.
Equation of Motion

Elastic stiffness (spring) forces stem from the stiffness of the structure. In a
lumped mass model the restoring forces have the same meaning as in static and
can be expressed by means of stiffness constant.
Equation of Motion
Inertia forces are defined as a product of mass and acceleration.
It acts against structure motion.

Damping forces oppose the motion through


energy dissipation.

Damping is divided in to two types:


• Internal damping:
-Friction between elements of structure,
cracks, …etc
• External damping:
-Resistance of a fluid surrounding the
structure such as wind
Equation of Motion
For a linear SDOF system, the equation of motion is:

f I  t   f D t   f S  t   f t 
   
Inertia Damping Stiffness External Force

mx  cx  kx  f t 
D'Alembert's principle
D'Alembert's principle states that a system may be set in a state
of dynamic equilibrium by adding to the external forces a
fictitious (‫ )وهمية‬force that is commonly known as the inertia
Jean d'Alembert
force. (1717–1783)
Analysis of SDOF Systems

Un-damped
Free
Vibration
Damped
Analysis of
SDOF system
Un-damped
Forced
Vibration
Damped

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