5) WAP to display pascal triangle and patterns using for loop.

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to calculate factorial

int factorial(int n) {

if (n == 0 || n == 1) {

return 1;

} else {

return n * factorial(n - 1);

// Function to display Pascal's Triangle

void displayPascalsTriangle(int rows) {

int coefficient;

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

for (int space = 1; space <= rows - i; space++) {

printf(" ");

for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {

coefficient = factorial(i) / (factorial(j) * factorial(i - j));

printf("%4d", coefficient);

printf("\n");

// Function to display a simple pattern

void displayPattern(int rows) {

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; i++) {

for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {

 printf("* ");

printf("\n");

int main() {

int rows;

// Display Pascal's Triangle

printf("Enter the number of rows for Pascal's Triangle: ");

scanf("%d", &rows);

displayPascalsTriangle(rows);

// Display a simple pattern

printf("\nEnter the number of rows for the pattern: ");

scanf("%d", &rows);

displayPattern(rows);

return 0;

OUTPUT
6)WAP to accept the number of terms a finds the sum of sine series
#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

// Function to calculate factorial

double factorial(int n) {

if (n == 0 || n == 1) {

return 1;

} else {

return n * factorial(n - 1);

// Function to calculate sine series

double calculateSineSeries(int x, int n) {

double sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

// Calculate each term of the series

double term = pow(-1, i) * pow(x, 2 * i + 1) / factorial(2 * i + 1);

// Add the term to the sum

sum += term;

return sum;

int main() {

int x, n;

// Accept the values for x and n

printf("Enter the value of x (in degrees): ");

scanf("%d", &x);
 printf("Enter the number of terms (n): ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// Convert x to radians

double xInRadians = x * M_PI / 180.0;

// Calculate and display the sum of the sine series

double result = calculateSineSeries(xInRadians, n);

printf("The sum of the sine series for %d terms is: %lf\n", n, result);

return 0;

}
7)Write a menu driven program to perform following operations:
a.Perform addition of two 3X3 matrices.
b.Obtain transpose of a given 3X3 matrix.
c.Multiplication of two 3X3 matrices.

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to input a 3x3 matrix

void inputMatrix(int matrix[3][3]) {

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

printf("Enter element at position (%d, %d): ", i + 1, j + 1);

scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);

// Function to display a 3x3 matrix

void displayMatrix(int matrix[3][3]) {

printf("Matrix:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

printf("%d\t", matrix[i][j]);

printf("\n");

// Function to add two 3x3 matrices

void addMatrices(int matrix1[3][3], int matrix2[3][3], int result[3][3]) {

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

 result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];

// Function to obtain the transpose of a 3x3 matrix

void transposeMatrix(int matrix[3][3], int result[3][3]) {

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

result[i][j] = matrix[j][i];

// Function to multiply two 3x3 matrices

void multiplyMatrices(int matrix1[3][3], int matrix2[3][3], int result[3][3]) {

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

result[i][j] = 0;

for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {

result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];

int main() {

int choice;

int matrix1[3][3], matrix2[3][3], result[3][3];

do {

// Display the menu

printf("\nMatrix Operations Menu:\n");

printf("a. Add two matrices\n");

printf("b. Transpose a matrix\n");

printf("c. Multiply two matrices\n");

printf("d. Exit\n");

printf("Enter your choice: ");

scanf(" %c", &choice);

switch (choice) {

case 'a':

// Addition of two matrices

inputMatrix(matrix1);

inputMatrix(matrix2);

addMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, result);

printf("\nResult of matrix addition:\n");

displayMatrix(result);

break;

case 'b':

// Transpose of a matrix

inputMatrix(matrix1);

transposeMatrix(matrix1, result);

printf("\nTranspose of the matrix:\n");

displayMatrix(result);

break;

case 'c':

// Multiplication of two matrices

inputMatrix(matrix1);

inputMatrix(matrix2);

multiplyMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, result);

printf("\nResult of matrix multiplication:\n");

displayMatrix(result);

break;

case 'd':
 // Exit

printf("Exiting the program.\n");

break;

default:

printf("Invalid choice. Please enter a valid option.\n");

} while (choice != 'd');

return 0;

}
8) WAP to accepts a string from user and perform string operations using inbuilt string function and
without using string funcations-
i) length of string
ii) String reversal
iii) Equality check of two strings
iv) Check palindrome
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to find the length of a string without using string functions

int findLengthWithoutFunctions(char str[]) {
int length = 0;
while (str[length] != '\0') {
length++;
}
return length;
}

// Function to reverse a string without using string functions

void reverseWithoutFunctions(char str[]) {
int length = findLengthWithoutFunctions(str);
int start = 0;
int end = length - 1;

while (start < end) {

// Swap characters at start and end positions
char temp = str[start];
str[start] = str[end];
str[end] = temp;

// Move towards the center

 start++;
end--;
}
}

// Function to check equality of two strings without using string functions

int areEqualWithoutFunctions(char str1[], char str2[]) {
int len1 = findLengthWithoutFunctions(str1);
int len2 = findLengthWithoutFunctions(str2);

if (len1 != len2) {
return 0; // Strings are not equal if lengths are different
}

for (int i = 0; i < len1; i++) {

if (str1[i] != str2[i]) {
return 0; // Strings are not equal if any characters differ
}
}

return 1; // Strings are equal

}

// Function to check if a string is palindrome without using string functions

int isPalindromeWithoutFunctions(char str[]) {
int length = findLengthWithoutFunctions(str);
int start = 0;
int end = length - 1;

while (start < end) {

 if (str[start] != str[end]) {
return 0; // Not a palindrome if characters at start and end positions are different
}
start++;
end--;
}

return 1; // Palindrome
}

int main() {
char inputString[100];

// Accept a string from the user

printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", inputString);

// Using inbuilt string functions

printf("Using inbuilt string functions:\n");
printf("Length of the string: %lu\n", strlen(inputString));

// Reverse the string without using strrev

char reversedString[100];
strcpy(reversedString, inputString);
reverseWithoutFunctions(reversedString);
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", reversedString);

char secondString[100];
printf("Enter another string for equality check: ");
scanf("%s", secondString);
if (strcmp(inputString, secondString) == 0) {
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
} else {
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
}

if (strcmp(inputString, reversedString) == 0) {
printf("The original string is a palindrome.\n");
} else {
printf("The original string is not a palindrome.\n");
}

// Without using inbuilt string functions

printf("\nWithout using inbuilt string functions:\n");
printf("Length of the string: %d\n", findLengthWithoutFunctions(inputString));

reverseWithoutFunctions(inputString);
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", inputString);

printf("Enter another string for equality check: ");

scanf("%s", secondString);

if (areEqualWithoutFunctions(inputString, secondString)) {
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
} else {
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");
}

if (isPalindromeWithoutFunctions(inputString)) {
 printf("The original string is a palindrome.\n");
} else {
printf("The original string is not a palindrome.\n");
}

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
9) WAP to accept from user the number of Fibonacci numbers to be generated and print the Fibonacci
series using
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to generate and print Fibonacci series

void generateFibonacci(int n) {

int first = 0, second = 1, next;

printf("Fibonacci Series:\n");

for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

printf("%d, ", first);

next = first + second;

first = second;

second = next;

printf("\n");

int main() {

int n;

// Input the number of Fibonacci numbers to generate

printf("Enter the number of Fibonacci numbers to generate: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// Call the generateFibonacci function

generateFibonacci(n);

return 0;

}
10)WAP to search an elements in an array using function.
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to search for an element in an array

int searchElement(int arr[], int size, int target) {

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

if (arr[i] == target) {

return i; // Return the index if the element is found

return -1; // Return -1 if the element is not found

int main() {

int size, target;

// Input the size of the array

printf("Enter the size of the array: ");

scanf("%d", &size);

int arr[size];

// Input the elements of the array

printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

printf("Enter element at position %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

// Input the target element to search

printf("Enter the element to search: ");

scanf("%d", &target);

// Call the searchElement function

 int result = searchElement(arr, size, target);

// Check and display the result

if (result != -1) {

printf("Element %d found at position %d in the array.\n", target, result + 1);

} else {

printf("Element %d not found in the array.\n", target);

return 0;

}
11)WAP to accept EMPLOYEE details (Name, Designation, Gender, DOJ and Salary). Define function
members to compute i)total number of employees in an organization ii) Employee with salary more than
20,000

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Define a structure for Employee details

struct Employee {
char name[50];
char designation[50];
char gender;
char doj[15];
float salary;
};

// Function to compute the total number of employees

int totalEmployees(struct Employee employees[], int n) {
return n;
}

// Function to find employees with a salary greater than 20,000

void employeesWithSalaryGreaterThan20K(struct Employee employees[], int n) {
printf("\nEmployees with Salary Greater than 20,000:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (employees[i].salary > 20000.0) {
printf("Name: %s\n", employees[i].name);
printf("Designation: %s\n", employees[i].designation);
printf("Gender: %c\n", employees[i].gender);
printf("Date of Joining: %s\n", employees[i].doj);
 printf("Salary: %.2f\n", employees[i].salary);
printf("--------------------\n");
}
}
}

int main() {
int n;

// Input the number of employees

printf("Enter the number of employees: ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// Create an array of Employee structures

struct Employee employees[n];

// Input details for each employee

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("\nEnter details for Employee %d:\n", i + 1);

printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", employees[i].name);

printf("Designation: ");
scanf("%s", employees[i].designation);

printf("Gender (M/F): ");

scanf(" %c", &employees[i].gender);

printf("Date of Joining (DD-MM-YYYY): ");

 scanf("%s", employees[i].doj);

printf("Salary: ");
scanf("%f", &employees[i].salary);
}

// Compute and display total number of employees

printf("\ni) Total Number of Employees: %d\n", totalEmployees(employees, n));

// Find and display employees with a salary greater than 20,000

employeesWithSalaryGreaterThan20K(employees, n);

return 0;
}
12)

a) #include <stdio.h>

// Function to swap two integers using call by value

void swap(int a, int b) {

int temp = a;

a = b;

b = temp;

int main() {

int num1, num2;

// Input two integers from the user

printf("Enter the first integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num1);

printf("Enter the second integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num2);

// Display the original values

printf("\nBefore swapping:\n");

printf("First integer: %d\n", num1);

printf("Second integer: %d\n", num2);

// Call the swap function

swap(num1, num2);

// Display the values after swapping

printf("\nAfter swapping (no change due to call by value):\n");

printf("First integer: %d\n", num1);

printf("Second integer: %d\n", num2);

return 0;
}
b)Write a function to swap two integers using call by reference
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to swap two integers using call by reference

void swap(int *a, int *b) {

int temp = *a;

*a = *b;

*b = temp;

int main() {

int num1, num2;

// Input two integers from the user

printf("Enter the first integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num1);

printf("Enter the second integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num2);

// Display the original values

printf("\nBefore swapping:\n");

printf("First integer: %d\n", num1);

printf("Second integer: %d\n", num2);

// Call the swap function

swap(&num1, &num2);

// Display the values after swapping

printf("\nAfter swapping using call by reference:\n");

printf("First integer: %d\n", num1);

printf("Second integer: %d\n", num2);

return 0;
}
c)Write a program to display contents of array using pointers
#include <stdio.h>

// Function to display the contents of an array using pointers

void displayArray(int *arr, int size) {

printf("Array Contents:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

printf("%d ", *(arr + i)); // Using pointer arithmetic to access array elements

printf("\n");

int main() {

int size;

// Input the size of the array

printf("Enter the size of the array: ");

scanf("%d", &size);

// Declare an array

int arr[size];

// Input elements of the array

printf("Enter the elements of the array:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

printf("Enter element at position %d: ", i + 1);

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

// Display the contents of the array using pointers

displayArray(arr, size);

return 0;