DESIGN OF COLUMN: C59

1 Load Combinations:
As defined in Etabs.

2 Force Data
For a column, force resultants for various Load cases and Load combinations are shown in table 2.1 and 2.2 below:

2.1 Force resultantin column C1 for different load cases:

(Note: The two ends of a Column are denoted as A and B)
Load Case A B
P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m)
EQx -240.505 37.218 -8.208 93.562 -240.505 37.218 2.342 0.719
EQy 191.847 -1.233 115.369 -1.158 191.847 -1.233 -19.411 1.924
DL -627.973 6.573 -5.820 7.012 -613.876 6.573 8.228 -9.420
LL -130.358 2.618 -3.147 3.010 -130.358 2.618 4.850 -3.534

2.1 Force resultantin column C1 for different load combos:

Load Case A B
P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m)
0.9DL+1.5EQx -1401.883 69.871 -25.587 154.656 -1389.195 69.871 22.431 -20.021
0.9DL+1.5EQy -779.714 12.478 159.779 13.024 -767.026 12.478 -10.200 -18.171
0.9DL-1.5EQx -711.365 -41.782 -13.464 -126.031 -698.677 -41.782 15.932 -21.876
0.9DL-1.5EQy -1328.895 15.893 -186.327 16.049 -1316.207 15.893 48.034 -23.684
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) -1833.203 66.528 -31.325 134.970 -1816.286 66.528 33.854 -31.350
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) -1335.468 20.614 116.967 21.665 -1318.551 20.614 8.104 -29.870
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -1280.789 -22.794 -21.627 -89.579 -1263.872 -22.794 28.655 -32.835
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) -1774.813 23.346 -159.918 24.085 -1757.896 23.346 54.337 -34.281
1.5(DL+EQx) -2095.966 79.233 -34.436 164.197 -2074.820 79.233 35.042 -33.886
1.5(DL+EQy) -1473.797 21.840 150.929 22.565 -1452.651 21.840 2.855 -32.036
1.5(DL+LL) -1930.746 27.334 -26.844 28.369 -1909.600 27.334 38.804 -39.965
1.5(DL-EQx) -1405.448 -32.420 -22.314 -116.490 -1384.302 -32.420 28.544 -35.742
1.5(DL-EQy) -2022.978 25.256 -195.177 25.591 -2001.832 25.256 60.646 -37.549

3 Design Checks:
Column Size: Materials Prop.:
Width (B): 500 mm Concrete: 25 N/mm2
Depth (D): 500 mm Steel: 500 N/mm2
3.1 Check for Axial Stress:
 Lowest factored axial force = -698.677 kN
Factored Axial Stress = 2.795 N/mm2 2.000 N/mm2 > 0.1fck

Hence, design as column member.

3.2 Check for member size:

Width = 500 mm > 300 mm Cl. 7.1.2, IS 13920:1993
B/D = 1.000 > 0.4, Hence Okay
Cl. 7.1.3, IS 13920:1993
Span (L) = 3m
Effective Span (Leff) = 0.65*L Cl. E-3, Table 28, IS 456:2000
= 1.95m
Leff/D = 3.90 <12, Hence design as short column
Cl. 25.1.2, IS 456:2000
Maximum dimension of Column = 500 mm > 15Φ where, Φ = Largest dia. of Beam longitudinal R/f
= 300 mm = 20 mm
Hence, Okay Cl. 7.1.2, proposed draft IS 13920

4 a) Design of Column:
Design for Eathquake in X-direction: Design for Eathquake in Y-direction:
Pu = 2095.966 kN Pu = 2022.978 kN
Mu3 = 164.197 kN-m Mu2 = 195.177 kN-m
Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.335 Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.324
2 2
Mu2/(fck*bD ) = 0.053 Mu2/(fck*bD ) = 0.062
d' = 50 mm d' = 50 mm
d'/D = 0.10 d'/D = 0.10

Referring to the chart 48 of SP16 Referring to the chart 48 of SP16

p/fck = 0.018 p/fck = 0.022

Longitudinal Steel:
The required steel will be governed by the higher value of the above two values and hence, we take p/fck as:
p/fck = 0.022
i.e. % steel, p = 0.55 %
Which is Less than 0.8% (i.e. nominal requirement), so
p = 0.80 %
or, Ast = 2000.00 mm2
b) Checking of a section:
The column should be checked for bi-axial moment. Moment about either axis may occur due to the torsion of the building or due to
the minimum eccentricity of the axial load.
Checking for the critical combination with earthquake in the X-direction.
Pu = 2095.966 kN
Mu2 = 164.197 kN-m
e = l/500 + D/30 Cl. 25.4, IS 456:2000
= 15.67 mm
emin = 0.04 bD
= 20 mm
Hence, design eccentricity = 20.00 mm
Mu3 = Pu*e
= 41.919 kN-m
For, Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.335 and p/fck = 0.032

Referring to chart 44 of SP16:

Mu2/(fck*bD2) = 0.071
So, Mu2,l = 221.875 kN-m
Mu3,l = 221.875 kN-m
Puz = 0.45fck*Ac + 0.75fy*Asc Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000
= 0.45fck*Ag + (0,75fy - 0.45fck)*Asc
= 3540.000 kN
Pu/Puz = 0.59
Now, by interpolation αn = 1.653

Using interaction formula of Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000

αn αn
(Mu2/Mu2,l) + (Mu3/Mu3,l) = 0.671 < 1.00
Hence Okay

Checking for the critical combination with earthquake in the X-direction.

Pu = 2022.978 kN
Mu3 = 195.177 kN-m
e = l/500 + D/30 Cl. 25.4, IS 456:2000
= 15.67 mm
emin = 0.04 bD
= 20 mm
Hence, design eccentricity = 20.00 mm
 Mu2 = Pu*e
= 40.460 kN-m
For, Pu/(fck*bD) = 0.324 and p/fck = 0.032

Referring to chart 44 of SP16:

Mu2/(fck*bD2) = 0.071
So, Mu2,l = 221.875 kN-m
Mu3,l = 221.875 kN-m
Puz = 0.45fck*Ac + 0.75fy*Asc Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000
= 0.45fck*Ag + (0,75fy - 0.45fck)*Asc
= 3540.000 kN
Pu/Puz = 0.57
Now, by interpolation αn = 1.619

Using interaction formula of Cl. 39.6, IS 456:2000

(Mu2/Mu2,l)αn + (Mu3/Mu3,l)αn = 0.876 < 1.00
Hence Okay

5 Detail of Longitudinal R/f:

Load Combination A B
P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m)
Gravity Load -1930.746 27.334 -26.844 28.369 -1909.600 27.334 38.804 -39.965
Critical
combination with -2095.966 79.233 -34.436 164.197 -2074.820 79.233 35.042 -33.886
EQx
Critical
combination with -2022.978 25.256 -195.177 25.591 -2001.832 25.256 60.646 -37.549
EQy

Design of column for Earthquake in X-direction

Load Combination A B
2 2
Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck p Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck p
Gravity Load 0.309 0.009 - - 0.306 0.013 - -
Critical 0.45 % 0.800
combination with 0.335 0.053 0.018 0.332 0.011 0.032
EQx 0.80 % 0.80 %
 Design of column for Earthquake in Y-direction
Load Combination A B
2 2
Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck p Pu/(fck*bD) Mu2/(fck*bD ) p/fck p
Critical 0.55 % -
combination with 0.324 0.062 0.022 0.320 0.019 -
EQy 0.80 % 0.80 %
So, for end A, p = 0.80 % So, for end A, p = 0.80 %

Summary of Reinforcement for Column C1

Column AB Longitudinal R/f ● ● ● ● ● ●
Reinforcement at
12-20+8-16
A
Reinforcement at 4-20 mm Φ bars 4-20 mm Φ bars
4-20+4-16
B ● ● ● ●

4-16 mm Φ bars 4-16 mm Φ bars

● ● ● ● ● ●

Tabulation of Shear force in column for different Reinforcement at A Reinforcement at B

load combonations:

Load Case A B
EQx (kN) EQy (kN) EQx (kN) EQy (kN)
1.5(DL+LL) 27.334 -26.259 27.334 -26.259
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) 66.528 -26.072 66.528 -26.072
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -22.794 -20.113 -22.794 -20.113
1.5(DL+EQx) 79.233 -27.791 79.233 -27.791
1.5(DL-EQx) -32.420 -20.343 -32.420 -20.343
0.9DL+1.5EQx 69.871 -19.207 69.871 -19.207
0.9DL-1.5EQx -41.782 -11.759 -41.782 -11.759
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) 20.614 43.687 20.614 43.687
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) 23.346 -85.702 23.346 -85.702
1.5(DL+EQy) 21.840 59.407 21.840 59.407
1.5(DL-EQy) 25.256 -102.329 25.256 -102.329
0.9DL+1.5EQy 12.478 67.991 12.478 67.991
0.9DL-1.5EQy 15.893 -93.745 15.893 -93.745
6 Design for Shear:
Shear Capacity of Column:
Assuming 50 % steel provided as tensile steel to be on the conservative side,
Ast = pt%/2
= 0.40 %
Hence, Permissble shear stress (τc)= 0.44 N/mm2 Cl. 40.2.1, IS 456:2000
And, Considering Lowest Pu = 698.677 kN

δ = 1+ (3Pu/Agfck) Cl. 40.2.2, IS 456:2000

= 1.335
τc = 0.59 N/mm2

Effective depth in X- direction = 447.50 mm Clear cover 40 mm

Vc = 131.467 kN Bar dia. 25 mm

Effective depth in Y- direction = 447.50 mm

Vc = 131.467 kN
a.
The maximum factored shear force in X-direction from table = 79.233 kN
The maximum factored shear force in Y-direction from table = 102.329 kN
b.
Shear force due to plastic hinge formed at the beam ends
The hogging and sagging moment capacities are;
For earthquake in X-direction:
Sagging Moment Capacity = 105 kN-m
Hogging Moment Capacity = 210 kN-m
br
Vu = 1.4 (Mu )/hst hst = storey height = 3 m
= 98.000 kN
For earthquake in Y-direction:
Sagging Moment Capacity = 102 kN-m
Hogging Moment Capacity = 202 kN-m
br bl
Vu = 1.4 (Mu + Mu )/hst hst = storey height = 3 m
= 141.867 kN-m

As per code IS 13920:1993, Cl.7.3.4

Design Shear force for column shall be maximum of case a. and Case b.
Hence,
For earthquake in X-direction, Design shear (Vu) = 98.000 kN
For earthquake in Y-direction, Design shear (Vu) = 141.867 kN

Detail of Transverse Reinforcement

Here design shear force in column is less than the shear capacity column. So, only nominal reinforcement will work.
Nominal Links for X-direction:
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of column. Cl. 7.3.3, IS 456:2000
Least lateral dimension of column = 500 mm
Spacing of hoops ≤ 250 mm
Lets rovide 8mm-Φ bars @ 200 mm c/c spacing

Design of link for Y-direction:

Design shear force for links, Vs = 10.400 kN
For spacing of 2-legged 8 mm-Φ bars
Sv = 0.87*fy Asv d/Vs Asv = 50.27 mm2
= 1881.70mm
Which is a very high spacing. Provide nominal reinforcement as in X-direction
The spacing of hoops shall not exceed half the least lateral dimension of column. Cl. 7.3.3, IS 456:2000
Least lateral dimension of column = 500 mm
Spacing of hoops ≤ 250 mm
Lets rovide 8mm-Φ bars @ 250 mm c/c spacing
 P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m) M3 (kN-m) P (kN) V2 (kN) M2 (kN-m)
0.9DL+1.5EQx -1401.883 69.871 -25.587 154.656 -1389.195 69.871 22.431
0.9DL-1.5EQx -711.365 -41.782 -13.464 -126.031 -698.677 -41.782 15.932
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) -1833.203 66.528 -31.325 134.970 -1816.286 66.528 33.854
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -1280.789 -22.794 -21.627 -89.579 -1263.872 -22.794 28.655
1.5(DL+EQx) -2095.966 79.233 -34.436 164.197 -2074.820 79.233 35.042
1.5(DL-EQx) -1405.448 -32.420 -22.314 -116.490 -1384.302 -32.420 28.544
0.9DL+1.5EQy -779.714 12.478 159.779 13.024 -767.026 12.478 -10.200
0.9DL-1.5EQy -1328.895 15.893 -186.327 16.049 -1316.207 15.893 48.034
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) -1335.468 20.614 116.967 21.665 -1318.551 20.614 8.104
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) -1774.813 23.346 -159.918 24.085 -1757.896 23.346 54.337
1.5(DL+EQy) -1473.797 21.840 150.929 22.565 -1452.651 21.840 2.855
1.5(DL-EQy) -2022.978 25.256 -195.177 25.591 -2001.832 25.256 60.646
1.5(DL+LL) -1930.746 27.334 -26.844 28.369 -1909.600 27.334 38.804
Load Case A B
EQx (kN) EQy (kN) EQx (kN) EQy (kN)
0.9DL+1.5EQx 69.871 -19.207 69.871 -19.207
0.9DL+1.5EQy 12.478 67.991 12.478 67.991
0.9DL-1.5EQx -41.782 -11.759 -41.782 -11.759
0.9DL-1.5EQy 15.893 -93.745 15.893 -93.745
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) 66.528 -26.072 66.528 -26.072
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) 20.614 43.687 20.614 43.687
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) -22.794 -20.113 -22.794 -20.113
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) 23.346 -85.702 23.346 -85.702
1.5(DL+EQx) 79.233 -27.791 79.233 -27.791
1.5(DL+EQy) 21.840 59.407 21.840 59.407
1.5(DL+LL) 27.334 -26.259 27.334 -26.259
1.5(DL-EQx) -32.420 -20.343 -32.420 -20.343
1.5(DL-EQy) 25.256 -102.329 25.256 -102.329
M3 (kN-m)
-20.021
-21.876
-31.350
-32.835
-33.886
-35.742
-18.171
-23.684
-29.870
-34.281
-32.036
-37.549
-39.965