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Lecture 2 - Chapter 14 - Wireless LANs

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37 views29 pages

Lecture 2 - Chapter 14 - Wireless LANs

Uploaded by

osamazeway22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 14

Wireless LANs

14.1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
14-1 IEEE 802.11

IEEE has defined the specifications for a wireless


LAN, called IEEE 802.11, which covers the physical
and data link layers.

Topics discussed in this section:


Architecture
MAC Sublayer
Physical Layer

14.2
The standard defines two kinds of services:
• The basic service set (BSS) and
• The extended service set (ESS)

Note

A BSS without an AP is called an ad hoc


network;
a BSS with an AP is called an
infrastructure network.

14.3
Figure 14.1 Basic service sets (BSSs)

Cannot send data to other BSSs

14.4
Figure 14.2 Extended service sets (ESSs)

14.5
Note

IEEE 802.11 defines three types of


stations based on their mobility in a
wireless LAN:
• no-transition.
• BSS-transition.
• ESS-transition mobility (No guarantee
communication)

14.6
Figure 14.3 MAC layers in IEEE 802.11 standard

Logical Link Control (LLC)

DCF uses CSMAICA

14.7
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA/CA)

• Is a protocol for carrier transmission


in 802.11 networks.
• It was developed to minimize the potential
of a collision occurring when two or more
stations send their signals over a data link
layer.
• It listens whether the shared channel for
transmission is busy or not, and transmits
if the channel is not busy.

14.8
Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA/CD)

Wireless LANs cannot implement CSMA/CD for three


reasons, Why ?
1. For collision detection a station must be able to send
data and receive collision signals at the same time (it is
costly and increased bandwidth requirements).

2. Collision may not be detected because of the hidden


station problem.

3. The distance between stations can be great.

14.9
Figure 14.5 CSMA/CA and NAV

Request to send

Clear to send
Short Network Allocation Vector
Interframe
Space

14.10
Short Interframe Space (SIFS)

Short Interframe Space (SIFS), is the amount of


time in microseconds required for a wireless
interface to process a received frame and to
respond with a response frame.

14.11
Figure 14.7 Frame format

Header Data Trailer

FC : Frame Control
D: Duration of transmission time
SC: sequence control

14.12
Table 14.1 Subfields in FC field

14.13
Figure 14.8 Control frames

14.14
Table 14.2 Values of subfields in control frames

14.15
Table 14.3 Addresses

Address 1 : Next Device


Address 2 : Previous Device
Address 3 : Final Destination Station (if not define by 1)
Address 4: Original Source Station (if not same as 2)

14.16
Figure 14.9 Addressing mechanisms

14.17
Figure 14.10 Hidden station problem

14.18
Note

The CTS frame in CSMA/CA handshake


can prevent collision from
a hidden station.

14.19
Figure 14.11 Use of handshaking to prevent hidden station problem

14.20
Figure 14.12 Exposed station problem

14.21
Figure 14.13 Use of handshaking in exposed station problem

14.22
14-2 BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth is a wireless LAN technology designed to


connect devices of different functions such as
telephones, notebooks, computers, cameras, printers,
coffee makers, and so on. A Bluetooth LAN is an ad
hoc network, which means that the network is formed
spontaneously.
Topics discussed in this section:
Architecture
Bluetooth Layers
Baseband Layer
L2CAP
14.23
Figure 14.19 Piconet

14.24
Figure 14.20 Scatternet

14.25
Figure 14.22 Single-secondary communication

s
625s= 1/1600 s
m=micro

Bluetooth hops 1600 times per second


14.26
Figure 14.23 Multiple-secondary communication

14.27
Figure 14.24 Frame format types

Use for synchronization

F: Flow control
A: Acknowledgment For error detection
S : sequence

14.28
Thanks

14.29

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