—_ =. ; : aN, Pay Generat Mechanics nN 2028 Degrees ot freedom a. id of trdlepenclent wriable by which we Cam a ee, iS f2tar” > on i a Cy ah vxkeyy +22 20 eae 2 PD s0 No. of variables > Degrees of Freedom whore , "9 Corabains System , F> (xyz) Constraint’ U-E4X) eI eis) Differential : Rite [2 GH, 0-0] [#G.8 <0] aei+ cht nes By TH all Re aiferential constraints are trtegrable + hon tt ts called hobnomie system , obervise NOn- ~holanamie systom. 1 96 ‘t' does not proxant expliclty, Bem tt is aalled Statimary const. AU the constiaints ave -etationary emt. ¢ — 7Selknnomic . Otherwise, > 6 Rohegnomic, / — an —p Such that mid pk. © mores 4.) C4 7) I to the rod tha plane. Here, %*0, %1=420 | — Coordtnale of @ = (at, Yt Le CAI) “al+ Velowtly of © = (2% , ae ,0) gy, fo ie ity. ae %-% Ee No, oF @yartables =4 » 0. 4 Contyalnts>4 - ' b Gilateral eomt, > f (7,4)=0 P nikieal peo #@ip 20 & ! 20S Lagramge's eq/ of enotion a ayy vnn 4, > hemeratcedd aoe 2 Me. ives ie en aa Pa a ae Foz 2, 2 3 4, : eI =|ar. , oF | oe1” LF Pr ~ Bee Gaye, DAlumbert's Prinetele ImP . IP. | 2) (F-n? 20 eet 2 Oo} 4 Ftrst part ee Extemal Revere Effective Fores Force, [Fees BP Gm) ee a ee > (F-m})=0 : ay = T(P-m¥).57 = 0 2 T(F.8P- Lm SA)=20 isa ag 5 RG to $5) 285, ee be tore 45, 4, “FZ 28h [ie 2m gt) Imi? 4 9] oo B25 P OP a/, | , 2 “fale Ome SB) omit F ‘ banoralis tr along 2 |kirclic Cregg or Ss oy a home” 4, zZmr oT. SDF OF = . Zim? 5 > Lm gt From @ , a : #4] From @, 26, [6-3 °° : = I (Frée System). “SAIL yh re ndpodons ure Sy are orrbtteury., hoes ” Using ©, - & GP) + G0 @-=- re 6, Axe dovived 3 Lig a. potential age ce ® ke, 42,3 Le VeVv G@,,.-. 1%) ne side » de (27 2 a From. ©, 4: (BF) f Br. Be a 24 (E)-2 Zen pi O 3 : "tte =t-v de Qed). ty. 2d. zak ; fej —-8ae TT Conatraind Aystom AY 99 ae nol tndepenmont . pen US g ye SE &, tie ve ind, bul 4 4, Ue ord 2 Tare are. r'no, ot corubairuts , AUP) = OF tatd,.- i Taking- variation Went, % Fk dy, 20 : oy sats 8 sink toe tok ove Ce pe Sm FB OY > om A >5 34 (F9,<)- poms tu Gr¥)-0 —o a7e 0 -d.(2 2 ZObG)-x ErH)]>4~-0.—@ "We choose M4 Ax, Sie 24%... 2% Ure Zero, 94-4 de (BE) +35 +Zast y dette Tue © becomes , ze, &@)-z pe Pi, gk . 12%, are independant # (S paee pt 2 st) o, Aer. & Cobian 6 Ake ey ae a | 91- GE) 1h zB, Eze". ® &G : ae fF @ 0 ates asin . eBay . I» Me. ot the sy lean 2m EG 4 ‘Te zimi? Poop, f2F ¢ a OF z Y at 1 Oy 4 . a¥ 2, \) Te gm [(2F) 7 1 EE GE ay ) | 4 Zm(3h)” +24 (amt Pe) t atfonwa 5) MI & } serdas giz fa,4 E whore, @=4 Sm BE)” bye 2pm ae zx ‘ or "22 m BF BE = On, | For a. 4cleronomie system, Pit in By t 4 mai Alon ‘kak total energy. for a stlaromnonia oysom Ae EG Larry (> Ae 2T=L t =2T- (t-v) = 54 2b @ Az 2%, or hu 1 he Za By + 293) Fog ERG, atl tan. eat ———_I = 5 (GL) x | *6 [From @] Tb -$.3r 4,4 shee = rl ‘ ie . a a(t) FF 4 9248 (BE)- 24,97 - 28,4, P28 GE) 24, apt tl j. 24,9, 7 sng Cor) 2 25,4, H00- ag = 28,4, =) Rake of Change ot KE, = Rote of Work cle by He Fenorabised Loree, L=L@,¢,4) pH 4€ al —>Ganoralised Momentum. . 3%, — “Correrpording- to the generaliaed COtrdinake 4, “0 gn on L. eq of ae “x Y a tela generaliganl a ee Coordinate 4, ts absent tn the . z oa 2 ve tan, Bon (yeti Coordinale 35, 7° b= 2k so : Gonz Cyclic comclinale, -)4,, -cmsorved.VO teene +, = cormarved . 4 G- a v3 a of oydlic eoordinale , iM % are eelic = fia Be Pere, oe ee» = 6, = Cons bank. ; 4,04 2 funetion of (Lega et E reer Apr 9% WD Re R Ging eos dy, B49 shouthian humetion eG. hos os po pst) LG Me tet) Eo Nee f 3R- $L- = 54,7 24, 5; q 1 hth Ms Ete a 2s chad Bs, oe ae 2b sy “Ea. $450 i ‘ 2 (8 -Bym, -E@ 35) 5% ! +2 (Bra d5e + (38 ~ AOS =0 aJ AS % and Gs Ae arbltrary, Co-ef. Will be ZUrg, eS a 7 On eRe ee 5 Oy ? 24,734,’ % 56 3 Be Revel, 25) de) te, 2,.8 T so Rouliton #2 ts alo dpe a, ron ls so, oh>- [he , tel 2pece-uT, '| Non- eyelte “ eordinodes | Veg rerees Ve de (5%)- & »° ” | GE) - BF = | bert rk, A My Thuovellt’s = i ee HUAI (OIE 4 OG * + WANES E go] md v= fried Sra acre WY) ts-... tUnG,) thenathe corresponding problem canbe solved. bg. mH en fu, :.. Wh > eB aoe, dite "= 9,4, a pees : 24, > STS ae, YW &) »U,G,). 1%) > W.@) . la 326" and ve+'5 w, @) ’ Whore, U=7U,@,)4.....+ Un (,) = FUG) +__. +UnG,)° wu,55) - Sa ie cv 34 3 sik vie 1% +. * > 206, 4 (8,) - v8 6 58 Taupe om > 2 (v%,") -5 or Be 52035, = Tevahenie eal & (” 5") if a 0 (nv oe ic >t 4) 26 rt b- Boe vB 0 eae Sow mu F =r de (v6) - 26, [ne -% ov]- eee a) gent EL Sey > A HW 3M u(r - BSeriery]» Pe 3) is 1 . J zt | 5 2 (2)-24, Pee eyo fd He By Ah a = “iol i p iS. + AM yap 18 \? econ rs “Cons vA San . 2h %% or buy + Wa By ear’ Cte i a Alek ag oat ite dy aya ais ayo: . 1 tap lace "EG ee ch i} b> Lat. = (UD ae, The ht eo > Bo) a oe EB Be Rant sR im 2) Vp j-+ -2 Vy Com be Cxprensed tn. term OE, ./ Mubtiphying @ by Uy, And Aumming over r. Wat tes we) , 2 fay XG) ay, Wis gles 4,040 function of 't’ : P4r--%, one obtainted asa finetion oY No, ot trtegration eomtaints = anthh-ptl =2n, Buk from® > Lamming over Yr, ' we Bud oh Dur = TE DUT hUtuy =TP = u(t) - -® hu-zh. ~ Tho 4 . On-1) independant Grants, a Hoaritionian ot the syctem ale 4}. eR t pitts \ a, ne Pe e BL Tt we elimmote Biby b= e , Ben He H (4, 25% shy.>-- BEIt). Le donor i} Hamillonian . He Zea aL rai, a ag : £44,- TE (Gare Gy 4 yom ihys b), 5% SH = sla 95) - SL. 9 EM m, +S ys, it HS = he bd, ‘ 3 ae Sy, 5* ae aag > : al \ 2D : +B) oy : 2 (S -%) Sh,* Ge rsh )St=0 " : SIE RR 2H, BL 2 32%] Pie Gaeeya “(6 variations One arbtbary), Hamilton’, Canonical Equation of motion , ; These ewotions are non- Aymetrieal . ? j. Tae equation are equbalent with Lagrange © eypotions Ck arbitrary comt,) ¢ ae He Thd,-L | Sel a : oe 255% L ae ; = OT a hig <- 2% 8T OS bape t ¢ 2 ‘s =2T- (ry 2 Tey Badu es | sp calves See = (Ba + Bs) HRCA SAA) a0. oo HA eyelle eoorllrate Ols absent tr laprange axl <4 oa» well as Hawibloniam.. nc >a iL fateh eertl : 40 ts @ontinucus in: Bel. Aly” Soa AnH dt q [He 602 ded ¥ pe) Auch tak | pier fd) pea ts cont, tm Biv) eae (CH) 4@Q)-BwH-0.-°, ons SVM tom #20 tn Bel. . mo EBook Assume, £640 at Some @ tn [Aut] ee 3 [oxi] containing ¢ in wibidh fO) yo.ra + We comider $Q)*O-%)” (x,-2 | Ter [1b $6) dnc = Poorer taan +0 Which implies {&):0, 2 contradictton . *. £20 wm Bd). Ae ‘el 2409 5 8 YO)> ¥,@-¥e). pT EHH 9 Sy00= 4160 -¥0) =; (¥,60-¥o), >5(Gh) = £0. 3 * I: SfG,, wanes ep rhpnn es Gy He : The 54 y --MtPrgsdye Bh o> at Fd Ab OV @ Ste t-rs [TE Oe 9.—-s4yeSiy)- FG, %e)] db nila me +3 5t4) + Bho, fees BE) : L | Hamilton's Prinetpploft amd: H's Prnetpele a gt fia Arrong- the tll possible qeomatrieal path bf too points, 4rd dynamical pulk ts Charrodterizeol oy . &=O ; t LG, $= {ide toh tae > 5S = 46h ‘a £ 1 aL sy hci i‘ = [36h SB dk Sha S)- sb) se]a ———— tT ——————— <<[sm sapine Bal! [SBR sept ie re ice 0 > BB fe Gh)" °> Spey! "Hallow's Prinelple! s+ ay 2 [CAS Mae | fe oise< Lo 2G Ae, +54) - Se] de : Pa | ~ (EBA has &,) - 454, 345% bs 3) aa Behabe ih hy Bo a oxqun = A! >f "2 [Gy 3h 88 dome Ds Jae +0 | } soe Sh, and. ae nee halt He; coef.» Si wu ee vB as iF se awe i : wit’ — oa pai .. ms _ SE BSP - IP.SP ~0 | a Uinirsy)- mFS + (BM ID.0 2 fe (mise) ST+8V-0 Badr sta 57. .fea. 5 mes? + 0 [Since vartattors at the Cvdpant ts xer0] => a i é ‘{! Lat +0 . pueebee (0, (1.22 | Sy = As 497 = 4 Cte) -7-) 4 =U (t)+ at eu -4(t) 284) +4bg, —— |Mlt)-96)4594) = 64) + at d-(t), | = fee + a FY +h y9e) ot = 54t) + Ab 4G) +404 (at) ae +4) 4 @t) $| 7k #44 os, (44,4). Af = Sf +At Bom a+ at ee gt 34) Be oH Biba BG riatys + Beat a ~ Boag + Bayt PE at, I+ f £8) dk ee wll We prrtti, mee ( i F0rhdes [a otto ACat _ betty fica -f' dk +40) a4 fey ® ek * [Stat +4(4,) a4 # Co)4ty zh 1 Sp Hak + Sot |” do Bigs Fo totaty t) Lydt,: =p ; J “tye g (eat) |at et Yodee c a BF +d (Paty) 4 ws ” imotple of nt actlon |, The action of a physical system, | As fe bs) de KE’ Between two fred points in he physical. ple i tac dynamlealamotion vill ocewr along at path provided he hamiliontan, y along wth which 44-0, $ Le, Re total energy ‘of Be sysiem ts corserved., * not only in the pa phgsieal. pabh Luk abid inte. i pens pode. : | Oh [T8terb4) +h Cobb aullat ; ql aff 1 = [easwsosacs z4icel ne i ° oh Z1 5b) +6 def) hab spit e ot {45h + ZCbSY) - -Asa3dE+ Zia, = i = (5t- boar 254)" + Ebi at] ; of! zh Sp BA) + rats s rs fie ds SHdk + Zb44 boo. Fity————— SI pace tn whieh all He generall sack coordinaser hy — Ye dnd Be correponding genaralisect lmomonkivms ane coruidererl a4 ind. Coordinates and ts Lerma a4 the phare space, | Ss ee oYeF Hee - 1 by) ak Glas even), Now, f(g), 9=%G,-b), wre two function in phase Space . Thom thelr: een oF eee {93 HS EG H-% 2) From definition , t follows tak © ff.93 =-d2,F} ‘ thfteo eo ceo () fafi+ahse} = oh 4F +0 44.93 4$,d19,+ 040903 = 16,8,3 + 1h F @ thi a} ~ Atha} +414 gf, WD Aacobi’s identity: {5 fant} + {2,553 + fh tha} 0 © Bet yi-o-that. (wtyb-Sy “t it bd ©, tf itg ) {%F3= zh EAB = 2 [dtp HF = 2 2% aH : 1 U 2k me 385) = ar Bie ahd {4H} Fee Bh Bh ey “24 ou. 4 Vie Aca) fow i 28, 100 Phase Sraee A physical sPak eh, oe, sH} > Gs ity tie 4 $F GY). , mt, PBA) | “SE + FES Bb Bt) “Br Hd q Tt time ts not present explicitly, ton 2g ia oat a rl $ ita = 2 i693 + L597, HF x r > {2669} +46 SB} i fray . > {Bey {ROR b+ EE Comp ge ea Gergen) Al 2 {R83 - ffathal +6 2 ite gs yee) > {Bea} + He uh age 622 tog mes SEB Wha b+ {68k tea? er id: at ip ‘ : fs, “G4 iro Dy 2 Be, when % =1,2,-- et bho nt, _ When, B= re ilies any t 3, ae teh da-— EE AGKD (1.0.97 = {F, OCH} - 12,0,093 ¢ >, 0) - DgDe(h) 278 1 3 G3) - + a2 (2 “é. ey Bint ¢ Bh toy). . 3 2F, 2h $F laste Be Oy by oes t Se B - Woz) Zo Oh Be Be Dh 4%), “FF Gee $s 5 ye) = 5 . FB Fh 2h a ae 24m IC depends on # amdg-» trdependont of hi] “ZCAge. + 0,84 Bye * {4,44 HBR ne ~ 2A 3h +0 2h) t | heh hq “lee 43) +{% 14 fe ae ee e antes |B Bs +f or Hy Ar 2 te) 6° “34 LE} r HE hed, B= - 3 tay, foo eeefh fon 10 16493 {fh abhy =~ fh ttn}, Legendor_taryformation (Pst) i Gye cae IG pS +: OB Lette sk, Thoye exists a futon Ps Peete Auth tol: = Wor Lede rk. f P= Diy -F bP) > Dy -F ). b 2 $a 5, - thos, saree ’ ok ee if save? Comonlaal. Fansdorination P Tn phase apace, Gds )y lata, --)%, Gott > Gh), 4, C7) teh a pr Palin) i BOB’ eauotion motton. ie, dad k — (6p) ple a : i= e BE? bo, ho os Peo f@w tee 2, Gfisld Wid ctnsiileal IF it provera te . |, (ub) Sfldt = 0 > 5S Sy Hdt 20 —O BP) 81 5.(78-Wat-o —O laid 5{zGay- dt) « 0 From@, 5S5 (PAB -KAL)=0 > § J [Sebdg,-Hadk)-e (Pag -k Ab)$ = 0 > Z{tbdg-Hat)-¢ (Pag -kdt)} -AF Th qenarolf, F ts the fun of both Re new anol ok varia Buk dus to Hk eamonteal 092 ehmetion, F is @ usually the fumtt of one atd. vartable amd one new vertable. The eorutumk @ ts called the valoney of the. bomtormadi Fis termed as te gonuroting fumelton of the canonica roms formation. F may have tour pobsibilttios Fi=F/ G4) Fo= Fp (4,P.t) Fy = Fy (4,8,t) Fu=Fy (biPt).: “. TSodg,-Hak)-@ (Pde - ~KAE) .dF=d F(%,8,t) = LF + Sag dhs Bae ’ ae $ 3B One m 26 Z {ds Hdt) — ¢ (RgG-Kdb)} ae =) Z 4 (pdg-ldt) - (69) canconanil aF, 2 (hdy + gar) + CK-H) de = Afr, + eCrray? afin)r by 3 £84 ° he CK He a 46 GP)» ut | hod isthe — : ou FF % Zthdg- Hat) -¢ (Pas - eal (24h) by FEB P - = Again, Fain, Tig) - -G(Pdg-K ALY} ad, Gia) 4 > Zhe) -adp Has) CBtaa-xdt ode | pe 7 Z{adp- Hdt) - (626. Kd}=AG,-269) . | =A (bt). , Bem, B =f , 2B = Ke-n. : , Agdin, ZYPdy-nar)- @ (aa-Kas} =A Fulb..) . > Haba)-4dp-nde)- © (dipa)- 44P- Kapaa oP ee A (F-19)+erd). od F (bP) =Y Ph 04 , Be. -H4+ek.ee, “Waa F@,QP)= La? +€A(0,P) — by Bee » dh: nh eR <2 OL F pat ee 2) Hy 2-4" 2% =e We choose, &= =k , eine Shy» -at oh 4, dt = Abe dt + db, 34, = de nia dope | ote LOT changes Re variables ab tomas b thir | volun ob time tedt, Bg tndlenter the Hamiltonian of the motion. tA . usu Ob) o : bus FB Sr BES 234% - %, "pet » He efHGy 4 fe ts a Constant ot amotten , SSieo. Hts a Constant of Tmotion. Twartanes of P.B, under _¢.7. {uv} 2H - 42) oh! CB G4). OH . =F MTOR Best aR, > BE be ay (3 2 + aT BER FB + eS ae oy OB AM: j+e {ua3] —O - of te system ls He generar5 it E [BH (6m Sr) +H 15m, 9] 7 B1R OS Sor) = Be Sy Silay. fru} By eos) F a, 3 +B Be) oe fe = {uy} : ~ @p dacoblan ol- ¢,7. ts aluroys vite GB) p) : ds 2G, -.--8,, Cie Pa) 2), Prs-esBy) 2B BA) age ON a5 pe =~ x : iy kPa 2 Fa) ( 2G, =2(6,,...,@,)° 30s Maen a” 5 i | 26. -»84) 28 29, 3g u : | Ginny > | Rg igh ’ae fa 3p Derry) ohyeneyey). = 2G), .- -., 8) =i te A) 4 BG. 4) DCPs) ) Lagan ges bracket j y oe ah, [oy] - 7st or ou Py 2h) Uy =U @aDG#). , leh%--r2n. - pBelotion b/w 4y> WAY) eae Biougl 24, 42 ancl e., . hy= by (uy t) i ’ | EEC 3 BS 3 2 Gir 3 Pee Gare rene! © [BREE GE Be) Eh ER a E> hs §.) 4" ———— Mijea Fests © _ © The domity A a nrumber cf parkeler in the phase spam of a phystoal aystem is always constant of Molton . b No. of particle, exloring “ the wren. tn Umit time Gabe brdp) — AC7055 the Left vertital, Ci) Cans). HE = Ply 5 Lett ram the right P= Denatty of Ke partiole a Oye = () aga = [Peo Gag ay, : 7 Rerultamk along hertz vertiqn| oltrestion ; cae. " otha deldp pred PeBeided : > Simllony. ves ultawt along. horizontal dtvestion "Ys si] =-2phdblgy | Noo pamtiotes, per unit tite tn hl brea lt ® Fey

ER 04) + Pho Geena RRR he GB), 6 OE : ae fate: BS > ‘@ > BASE aE + BES «PCr ap) ane 8 52? >t + Be ae oe BAO. i5 g Pe 72Gb. 20 3 2 P is constout aat =f 2p Qu OP BHT. 7B FB a OS] = ee {p,4} 0 - . ee be” eae day dy A fc 4, HH ru) , $e4luu), a Zarth [32 206d duds EME - 23 253) bans» Awe have to Shao that Lagrange bracket is bwerrtame CAD) ay 3h a Bal, y* Ft SE a % 2h " oR, Re {5 x ity, ee He > ot zoe «3h, Mn} 2%, 2% a ayo, BV ar 3s -75 th |% 2 a £3 Wi, | 7 + £6 5te, oe z myay ee Lang by 0 ask! ve au tt Q ee |, NTs # 1ha Oe 2 MB Faye fn = ve bie ey Ak Hafestarm Geog) | 2 Oui? A 2 4 AE at, Sega dal 74-0 ¥ 3 2 ~7 |G) 2% eH 2 “ =>/%° Su a(S) Bin] (dm = fa BY ec “@s,) wh Hamillon - Bigobi P.D.E, ; ty Pease ttt i i, a 2H a : +d > oe + { (L+SL) de = tt * (pC Sur AD + Fesefaee at * Seb +h Ge)-t Ue yee] “aapal Ba oo (44,40) Lataaewne eli .F * & Bayt SSAC eh, Ay,- Nat ORE a -H Beh ot Gt) a-H(%, % ), i SE a) Virtal_Th. Te km” = Im eF ~Imr$@) * 4 (Sanit) Lomi? ian . — Virt i > damnit p) TER) es oes PTF TR Es de (mit) monte oer ©,%) t [ork Crt, Cite ee % i dim Oy Qr+s , Pode =O IT + TPE eo Brerieot Polar Coordinates (,6,4) at ON =ThInOs p(14,9) 9 0.9) x: rAinO C05 6 4s rain sing 2 z+ TC0SO 1 Velocity ob P 2 vel. in He Polan plone 4 vel. * to te le Polar plang = taloyg- OP + +6 L* to OP but in by " polowr plane + Pg ‘ =F along OP +78 along PT:+¥sing § Broow p.- Aetelanation at P = ace, OF P Il ty Bay pane ; tacee, ot P Xan = 000, of N tn 14-Plone + d* Gooey s -(P-Pp along on PAC) Fon + 4%, (reoss) {fS Greoseycase + {F- PAY} sing] Bralng oF + {fp fease) Aino + {P-PBFeos6} > olog Fr - pA) > At Eo ie Corel: Tf a partele mores ona sphoro, thon rls constink. Mt Covs-n: Sf 0. particle mover along a cone, then & bs ert, | “which ts te Awmlvontiole amgle of He coma. | Coordinate System P (78,2) YeL= ¥ along on + v6 L= tp ON : but In %4-plame +2 along OZ NCO.Q) Aes. = #16” along ON +44 (r°8) J t& ON +Z alorg-0Zli —————— Angular Velocity \2x7l [Eli hing = OP Alng = =NP pe WPS. ar. 2 ale) = OxP iz ®» Pext y ats p 1 ls: - Zuma on (et 2 - agp + Geox ond ++ oy - OE rs ae 4, e+ yd +h Pat Se Bvt FE dey, = (E+@yzZ- opt eps tyi ODT +Z+O¥ - —OyA)R + (G 0-2 tog) (Xe +092 - 034) Hho, 1 Tey) (9+ 052-2 +(Péog-J'©1) (2+ Dif - OH. 2 (¥+a,2- los4 - ~ oj 109+ (0 0g2 2 + OOH ~ Core + (y+ Dy (yk + c0g% + DyhDg2- Coy} - w,2- @ pt ond + (2+ WJ - Wyk -Wyk- 10f/Z teDglDg if Hii + CO) D;x-¢ core) @#* Rotation of Earth Ox -» horizontal points towards ie N x uy, 2) OY > horizontal points towards cast ry OZ — horizontal points vertically x upwanda , : A doditudle of Be phaog. x4 Peed ys 2h LP Dea g7 tee + Ox? @B 000s (gotayts.0,f'+ cO2Os (aot-a)ZP =-WOST HO bin? TPZ. ~0005, 0 WSLNA 242 SK t yd +240 + T Greer (yeosiny 4d (w2eosa +xosr2) th gocosa A : =U dasiny +] Gtozeosa+xoun +E E-4oosd), = BoP KP LGT ae F> > BE. Oxf. iy He = T(E gasina ed G shiocosarimsinaeX (2- goes if aft z gz spies er 10008 0 cosina ay : Reyaosina YeZucosa+asina Zz: Ja Yes] LeU (R Gasnajosiea 6h ot 8 Hi AF (Go teoeosnsicoson s+heosina-garanta ict | j : 1) re) ee : Bef OCO A= re as OS : megs : + web)F bs 014 \ Foes Pendulum (0x, 04,02) Ox > potrds towards gow , Oy > potnts trwanls east 02 2 points verti upwourds Connidor point O very Close to earh surfaaa or on Ye Surfoe Construth Ox, 04,02, Weangular velocity of We earth. We hall now show-Rat there ts some oscillatory behabowr of a bob suspended by a ubrtrg very clbse 10 A The forces citting on te bob (ts weight mg» mnagotive direst of 2-amls (W) Ta teunton f Be string Talong A Diveotion Cosine of PA ts ($2, 4%) JA TRiHoreD, on He. bob ave ee nfy > ~ mb = WED mg tui ile aawrptions; The bob will not deviate ™Uh from its orighnal position . (2) Tha. ofngulowr veloclty- «5 of earth rotation is very Small. AS a comrequant we assume hat x amd y ane first orduy small quamkittes , _ PHenee z is 0 second ardor rwnall quantity. , we neglect Z ord the dovbative in deriving the motion of the bobr Aso we refain x,y and their derivatives upto Ist ardor in the equation oF motion. Dut a of w, Wand higher powers wi ie be, naglacked ic m(x- ~204 ind)> - ie inG+20% sin) =— Oz=Teng Tammy wee mog sina =~ ig Pe xaly Yr2wxsina =-¥# » Oxt+@xt, 1 Pedot Alna p+ =o mF De im tna +£.0 “Ms ~Rlwikind + PRAT ears a ~loaina t LE [ecos ffs g tn 4] > (xsly) oainat _ geo [E ts % bin fF. » 't ty! >Qcos Ferg anfe a usty) errmsg = Ky!) axes are votaking wert. (xy) through an” angular velocity wind, xitty! = cose t+ aah lht ; Now, 10., Hee adic : ce 20 ey!=0 py 16— ee ee ee an =) Gr, 620. Peetat yl crs a cos t op taty epiioainat cos (Pht) A osellatory motion with omg. vel wal Honee the lob wilt exeoute a 4.he™- With ang, vel aashv “ahs oscillation of bob vnditalen ak re earrth (S howe about {ts X01. @ Tore will be NO oselllakory ynotion YAO. te, Be bob Fe aitabal ab ae @uodotial plane. y Wee. PYowtnle OF Linear momeniovn Conssrveon linn roman ind SOX» LLB c0 7EGHBE Rote of chomge OF fincove momnenbim of He System 1s. Cpulvalonk to te algebraic swin ot forees tn that direction sag tg Yenovn ar prireiple. oF Jinzour momentum. Now tf tte tappemsthat x12 in a pantiqular direetion tans ge (2m die) 0 ? Tim dey =m. Tran Be. clgebraic. sum of Llneanr omens at that direetion i ts eout. This & kK ee : connor vation of teow Oe Prinelpe of Amgulan momentum: t : oo. From ee, ae Zai-m o)-0 [he suaenay eee Ne efleabre Jorees would te zx]tea a. ‘Atm of the moment: of external foreoy be Zev. , . 2etGi-m d%-0 at oe) 2 HK 7A 2 (x m4) » Sax b The vedeot BE cgitor none i oul FE Bo mori of the external forees, y Ws te Frown arte prtelple of the angular moment. - Y Be algerale awn of moment of the exkenal frees "ts xoro along dny direction, thon Ae angular momentum ot tat dbrection ls @ondervedl. This ts conservation of Aap hare oe Eulos Dynan cod. E42 (for vig boty A oe body ts lading. With angular Yeoetys a along a. ands. i. w+ aft 2h ME GUAT +22) + OF “0+ (6 T 2 Oy (Oy Oy ny 2 =F (2ery-yeoz) +4" (2-2/0) ; +E (yeoa-em) eepor momentum, # = 5 Pxini? =m (ale yg 2k x {204 yo, + (Lo0g-ZtOy TEX YoOr-X0y)h , = veF ——$—$—<—$— Cte ae = 2m x ¢ ie 2y “42 XW2- 20x Y oy 4 = Fm[T Sy (you Xp) Beer 2} 49 {2 (2004-42) - (4 x= 04)} z FA XQ07-200) -y (Zy-4 oy] = Q{im soglfrZ)-m(x2er 4} +P fim toy (ax?) = ™ (yew, +ry %x)} +h {rm wo, 0ese)-™ (eziry + $204} “yy a CHAWzr EW02~ Ge A= Im(f2) .D=Zmy2 eH = rH Ox: z i B=Sm (2%), E> Sez +f {Q0ry-Dioa Fs | ently"), Pedmay AZ {002- EWe- DOYF, Tf du ann ane Be prinelpal ante, , hen DoE=F =0 Se Awe + Beryl +e, mane at ah Pear “Le SAdyl + Bwyd +Cw, * tears (te By Wy Wz | * Aly Boy ChOz = (Acdy- (8-0) oy Wa)t + 4B chy (0-A) U0, Oy P + {iby ~ (AB) ady Woy} Kinetic Energy ota rigid. body Ke hme” H-Bx? | ke fmt. = 43m (BxP)¥ 2 i =4 Lmd: Pk?) 3 Ad T +8 bye +Ci,k + ——fe 2 hina’ [0.0 - (P.W)F | = £ Lim (FF). BD) - (7. BCP. @)] =H Ten[Qey2) (Ov+ Oy OZ) - (x Opty ey o,f] ah Dam [Oa By'42") + wy (42%) + 2” (24 9) ; 1 2x4 x Wy - ~ 2209" 2 xz Ox Oz J = 1 By [Aux + 6 coy + Caz” ~ 2 Buoy 0g - 2 e040 ~2E dy 2] ie < Tf the omes are principt axes, hon, DaE=F20 Te $ Aur Bots Car),Eulerian ian Angles %/i/20. (Ta kK) OF) © $,¥), Slepl: Rotale te plane conlatnhy. (I\i°) aboul ® Prouga an angle $, 50 thoh (K,F) ave in the same pane, Ga Seer) Step: Rotate about 7 Jo tat % coincides with Z CT) for BPD Soll: Riale about F tangh an angle’ fy torwat TY eonlneides, with T (7 Tate CP). Tatal rotation: $26 6k+ og%4 2 7 Byqwlar veloet tS nap 507" 45° ; 8 m8 9 fin 56 5 di [Sees Seas Fea] B= gesbT 44h StepT: T= Teosh 4 7 sing T =-Taind +Feosd So) &) “e) (GF ea) @) ll ep II () cose Aing\ /K 1) (at sio)(P) CAEN ROTEStosi Aimy) 7 77 . Gn Ble) From _atep TI: Teepsyt- amine 7 > 0086 Z-atroose tsi’). Fe anv t tosee: € Awe 4 A 7 > ’ =. O= gf eosek-ains (wseT- And ‘IF +O{Ariny? +eosvd)} + VR > fosiny-$ sino cosy 3 + £8 gino bint +0 00ST +46 coso +3 % 20, tt o,d + ak Motion of a #P | iz Top s ocd body or Us 0. lure OF . revolution Thore Ig a ayrnmebry- fp Le : ands, whieh we Choose as 2 ares. i O is apoint on te-rigi booy about Ong We constuth, @ sot oF reekamqulonr anes OX, OY,0Z. f A,8,@ bebe 41. aloud Chovsext to be prineipal axe. ; Due to sy nemctry of top abow. Z axis, 4:8. $0, He KE. of the wysiom, Tey Aw Ay + ecoy] v= gh ese Bis 3 ance, and acer wrefee eee Wy OY PANO Cosy Wy = gaind Nn 46 cosy Wz = Pcose + 0 fealiesray = =4 [A fo" P rirtg} +C(¥+@6 ws0)) = eheoso Se | i 74.606} - AG”ainecose 40H +p 0056) J Alno # mgpatns =) AB- Ap”aino caso CBaing (+p e0s8) 6 mghaind -0 —¢ 4. ()-Bg-0 Pg {ap sinre +0 (h+peose) €56)= 0 tO) ‘Ve 4 p)-B-> 24 {e(t +feose)f +0 —O O=> ++Peos9-n —@ Apaty’o +0(\+ferso)eose =D = AY rin’ + reos0>D ——© 0 7 AS~ Artno cose (d-enese)” , . ode + Chino FE Wait AB svg - 280 (D-tneoee)”, cnld-Creoss) op pore? we Abing 7 *@htno-0 AG + $(0)-0 —— © £@) = - B50 (0-Cneasey”, Aainto Sn (0- Grease) Rae.» Othom A, AB 4 {(0)-0 72086 +210)6=0 PAE LER OF0 Hea >A6"= -2(fod0 +e Th principle we can determine 9 tn-he term of t. From @, onecon seethat 6 Cam be exprevred as — . “We ean alio obtaln g amd ¥ ana funetion of & from O68). ' .. The prosemt dy nomial crystem Cam be Adlved . . We shall naw disci Bip about te Atnbtlity of the emotion of th2 top whan tt ts tn a sitady wotion. | Let, @2k, acomt, GD ,acomt, eae - Suppose O=A+E 96 =Qé 7 From@, Epe+Fa+@=0 HrAEtF@) + EF E)=0 E+E £0 For stable motion, {’&) >o From 6, @um An sire + enews =p — ©) From@, Adsl £6) =~ c0s0 (D-Cnanse)s Cn bir" -Craceg ~Awgh sintg ee £0) = sing (0- Cancossf —2enoso (D-Cnens0) singe 42Cn sing cos O-eness) + CRAPO = 4Amghah®o e056 , =) Aina £4) » = pin (0-Cn cosa)” Benes P—2n 2a ‘a)in Bern sbret tose tp-Gr toga) + Cn *ain?at i ~4Amgh slr Case,aA iter #'(e4) ) = eee A Yin +e7n pind - 4aArgh bina (Osa yafi(ays AAT Al’A +e sAmghcosy — © From 0, AG~AG”Ain9 COS +E GAiNg . N- mhbInO=0 lor @24 2 ~ AN" ind CO6H +COn2 Alvar -™ghding so 2) mgh=-A Aeose ten 2) A Casa - Ont MAR 20, sn” y4 Amgheos From ®, £(4)>0. Small Osetllation. n. degree of freadom. GIy #9 %n TEE Y VEY Gyn) B20 dete At @yulibrium posttim, %20, Lb Gs axe OLL small quomtity in te Subsequent motion Also 4's) Tt we: retain terms upto 2nd. order tn-the kinetic anc. polenlionk emngyy ee V=V6,.. OER ar Bz bony From Taylor Sovies erate ey V(%) EFC % Go TALEO 4 - ' 289) 9%)a, 5, aan fda: Pure Pouie-2 Dy” -E% “Cy gh Aaa tant Mag Ht ys ebb bagged ! alien, % =A oe todic s0lure.tion] eA, [For pert [8 must be veal G3 ----,%n) —7 @,-.--,8n), Th 26" as are knoum a4 Normal 2 ve sol sa Co-ordinates. sn+sos0 eee “#@)-3- Be +58) >0 : . Time pertod= a 3 ) Small oseillation with combatnts s Gu. 2%, {£@y---2%n)=0 : TEBE, Votes HER $(0,0, ..---40) + 5% anh Gta =O ” nM o- tAnd,, 20| bi to )e At. -t Ant, 204: FQ ond AV 0 3 a 4 A) 3 2 oy. sa 2 Aae'?'....+Anane =O uy ” St ee 36g 2+ a 70 feof SE oe AYER) OB). O-Br) fh. 1%) Ae +t AY OEIC OE, t Ee arayeldt praelSt > (20 (SrA) ay rey _ Without Gonbhant, te pertod. = 57 1 MEL, Bk Speke wv. XHy ‘ 1 GUS) 2 sve Rook of S*beboeen 6") 4") Gf) > -ve ew woe (5 5") bu6%)= o tov “ Gn Sr),ig Cre - Commands 3 Ait, + Ag, +. t Aint, #0 1 MUM Ame. Bigeye Au, + Ay %+ yea +Ag,%20 Appi * Ageyntat ---- + Apaystn® 0 4, EBB Hep Fe Head % r. > Vs tt 25% 2% +3 Z6rq")” Pad &@)-= av __2v OT z » (x6 “We 67)4=0 = H+ (2518, ee. Oo, 29 tH'4»0 e —> Time period of Gonntraint Ayton ‘ on on ,_,.., 20 Th iod of umemstrotnh aie, | oh Taree . | ae 2 Trin . : =F > de (08%) = 45551 ASE =X xe Be + SE, Tf 3 a vector ¥ in the configuration apace {U4} 4€. R(ry20., Ren & ts called a symmetry vector for the Physical system. Ca Tatrdy symmetry) . es he | b. : 7! Noethor current. ‘ titegral of Th over, Ab configuration space gv Congarved chorge. ‘ 2 ae the system is a), Athelorenemia tyekerm hon. haviltonian aconserved quamtity. Tt ts tdoutified as coriorred enorgg- st the system. Gnd symirnctry) . 4 Conservation 6+ Mmomantwm Cs first symmeby, Pdame tory. Motion et 26) thm {ire} + eM SEG Bae PING pL : va — Slt « d(3%)-5r 70 AR)” 24 (mi) - m6 itm) 20 _ rab ; 2) th —nré"e+ atm ao > m(F_7gY) -- GMm e Arg ulan momentum wall : : System is Conserved. = 06 = comtel, Leatin ol h aie” = (ay, "G ts Bt o8-£GT4 ge ind’ . ees | PAR phere wire ant aa fbaparye set, Te eae 19 Pb eb = a. Hy catbaeas) > alpina(e? LE )dr hee os or". 2a 2 do) + aoe. ~si ) vr be 78s ourrigrt, * of0 en" 27 Be + [ore oure 1 pps EAE” ain Aon a eee >@. 214 GE eos [E~ +O-Ay) iki i¢ cam elliptic path for G4? « a Wy,F tarndtonl han of Ae System He DhH-L yn 1 et) + en rh ‘ b-2 emp a $,>2 ay ee i / ™ we Homion's Gas of motion’ Wy. H \(1OH be NH, ere i Bark, Lagrangian oft. physteal system ts glen. dy ce a ath t¢h +0qy,) whore a,b,c.are comitants, Paeind du. Soliton for’ % and 4, be ad 14 +24, +C%ey = - Ro 3 7 Gage ab : aa yo K x aay 2% ge Lo oe a are eAsho] &) Ed > ee 6 ela)? PEP agar Se? eit 24, +24" eg at 2h Gut) CHa ey-¢ ; 24 + eh" 64-020 eS 2G -6yah2e20 74,9, - Gig), 95 =24, 4 whore --alie PIGS 498-2aJ-0 =) 4) 40 -Bhg, = L > ide f omar 4, BD. h (eagtb)db +4 : 19 ! "A “blogizal system with 2 degrees, ah.creedan, : Pe KE. ts given by, Gage $s Vattdy, , Show fat ea Bar , be ewprenod by Gp-¥) Gnt24)%oh bfa neh Le Ty : pee Lara rag 18 oy Ob ol ed aL way Ree G , Senet oe Se + a Fi Gaba’ 8 2Grba,)” 1% He 24, 4h ‘2 EB) -o | | GE)-Beo THO) +a fer hr 20 7244? +oa tht er -% 9" 20 244 +84, h + O4,=0 Dgnde B47 Ba PERRI. de ee isa ba Gata! " ay = 2s eee G ee 0) 4 ) pee pot > gh Ave vets “ eo eS Bk, B ‘cm, % Mg a0 we “GG- 2u9)*] > 2a =o ae Te. ey kai edi a ~ Ch ]=&s De aS 2h Da rss ay, om me ! ra) iy : “e hee JO Be eye H{-ts) te)” « Es = eau 7 ABT glance “ee fore, hag, 4 -(28) [36 Rana 955)+ ae thal, the byrarieal aystem for ubich, 21+ Ny 6 itt) and V a4 Gan be epremed ay Huville's form. [| Gene dhe B-§ 4G =h-h ; ik ( ATs (m+n )O-maRCWEY) Ve im i > Cid P-Widua ry) = UG )an” — Wi lh)= 27 ne 14> AHR) UnGg)=-nr — a'6g)=0. ee wil) +2 cae Be - Be > - ee TEs Teh @hgnargy nd 4 Ve ay » dow by Hives Ho, Rerelation ow 4% ond % are gion by a’aitb 5 tBong,qtos'= Aint. . whore. ab? are. constants. eel BAe w=" 010)! Cees ty %) =o Wy (%)=0, a VUi()=! =BG) d VE [Bact 2, i) = GOED hay! +4, (4p) = be +, a a ae : aie 2 ) aus E Jpg - Se =? oo ( > eee oe iy, * he : ee heave se tele) ny ark]PUNATRT oy RR) 2% - “hq, = A) arte ASA, AGE ye gar os > OG fay. hate ARE > (Wh - eg ay ON ASO i it 04 [Whereas 4 sich a Wf Heys = MIE) Hae oy hm ‘ eed ead i-¥) eo, | Teeth OEE « nes “sy sn Gt 2 = :cag KE aw PE moving in a plane one given by Pret g vae-.& - & [Where rond x! are the distunces of the . Particle ee @0) and (0,0) respectively). Prove tat 4 tha. problem can be oomverted into Liuville's Problem . v5 (0)4” W> (xre)"g” Let, 19 +% ple PYi-y Whys0 Whey : D244) onto?) ora eg i qh are Beret” —o P Main, gye'ce'” > - 4x0 PANN =-D : ‘>ue-th =» X= -£ 4 4t4%] From Q, 4°+%"-e"— oo mae any ju [oreo et ara] 4 ab (47-€) C-%) CEB «404 [6-2 C-%) pale “5 Bee “ / 21 (nde ¢ td PLease amd 4, +r eae y +E Rey 24,4%%, __ TERY 9A OPE STee |. fe eT ee Be” SL Ge Can) 9 rete) ay) 1 ary Cap reg," Vane] G)-c)044 = by CREO C9) PEGE) \ fare) ef r-cryf] eC) CHa") * ¥ ; Se (4) lee + ae zal : UG)=97 : ar oe oe 4 S MG) = ohn 2 area) [Seat ate nena ve dag” ze ; WG) =e, == Mata) OD OY =U si Ste 4 The KE td HE" PE of ae Le aradag” and vA A BY BRGY, i Be e eat Bits the distaree df ¥ he partiole from content Here 2,0 AA, DS , pre Borstants. ykinette enogy expresslon ig He baie Be aba” = ; ve +r yee Alger t ig ames fey ‘Seay ah “$e es oii = Acrlar-ag) . Ae" Gi'-42) Br) 40/1 TE) * COCO * ssepe hd areaz-e areas) BS| = Ae” (as 4s) _ HE ob saken) Ya 4 ; + Dfiteag- a} 4” a ; 40,(%) ar a> tes (60%, + DGt-e>) idee 846) % + Gy! +09 ee a the hamilton of 0 dpamital ystom, He ha- AY, - ¢ 09%; - Shoo = b pecs Content of ae 34 Cay isa) i he bmn- hay a” 2H 2H oo, DH Bite Bah Bh a y 30H Ne Ae ie Net fe re ab * * q tor glé SB Bek Bah Bj | 2y=4 RBCS > f,-2ag.--f, Phe h. bm ancteo, 7-%% | 94, task by Fhe teen st 24 ca, mae ode ab scodly 4 ap). dati tay, 97 E bat et, eee seca = Ge i= “Cbg 5 CB aS tan yl rea the Kinetic gery ofa Physical s ystem 1s a. hom 1 quadratic | in the velocity and TG, 6) is what vied 1 hen Pee ee gy avd & thon prove thak é 4 4 | O4-3F 0 Fie 0, (uy 1! iS a hemo, tn $4 00) THT’= zh,4, °F oi wd ao ve 1 | Rhee 12a > 2H). 20 TY) = 24h; if Se 2 Pi Oe ak se Ry co 4 3 td 2d oR te mh ; Oh 2.7! ts a homogeneous Wadlratia or Oo , ci 2H OH i ei we howe, He 7bq.-L aTler= Fh.4-O-) T+! = TH ygrtol4 Tf the ee eragy oF ascleronomic system is given vy TG,%) 3 Bewhty and TG;) Then show Yat aTAD 29, where De fata in B, 4109. Az dot Qs) i 7 Dy, Org, -+*Onn aii f +435 30 o aa ee Ae. tty heb, = =0ig ork ee + Thy i, A tbe... +64, -2r'0 6 Fliminoking Bose, 4.8, : ay Ope «Ci -b, a 89... dan wy Oy Ome +b, EDN ee d, or! , 9 JU Ay---- An eb+0 Tr! bt. Bp A Ont > i 4p --- Bin -p, aa Up --- Bn 0 t +]: r iupad. Gr ee 8! lok tay’ A > D+2T!a-0 : 1 : : f ?2r40 20 ae i (Zebda, -HAk) - @ CZ Pd Kat) =A TE Hime ts not present explieltt, , Zibda- Pda) ae -- Zibdg P48) =" Tedg+qdp) “2dby) Hersa | H SBS Examine if the tr. B: VF eas p, Pz VW Alnp tnt “a Pras Apace (S a Camonteal tr, or not. : l : BAG Cosh , P= sind Plbds - Cras) | =5 (bag -0 sind (qq cosh andipda- 9 ainbdp) | > Z(bay ce cos boy + C4 hdp) = -& sf Alyn’ ' “Te Lise mea mM Tis ts exook, tf, ay = BH -1-Gicatr-abrs) BM wcahip -, de $ os’ sir’) = esi => gow 1-$.c0s% = $ sir, Peg, 5, ae Wilak will be tha. hamtllentan of a system ae qe wordirole (26) ¥' T= $ mg” and V=$ke™. He T+V= 4 crf +a) $2. ody +4 (2 Ky") : We know, S+P"=% » tanb-f., Keit= BE (tu EYL 4 Gert] E A particle osetlates tna Bt. Une about a. centre vf free, whtel, vante, os the distance. Show Bot He H's prneiple Gb sof Madienttotny- rug Be Ain f/E(t-lo}} He% ak tty and Fey——— Given; Fel KEK Drs ACO Mt +Bamect. ML, 43 @ly , XoXo Ud LX - “LAM dn Gt)+EM es(ne). “yr ACSM+BANMt —O + 2A bin (le * 8008 Gite), —O 1 @Oxaln Dts +Ox Cas Mt ALn Gl to +X, Be % Fert) B-6, OxwsMto-ODx sn Rto , AGS itp - BH sin =A ogee 0084.01) + 3g sine} wire Tatrto ie ‘be ) Adnghy) : Be eas ec) Myon Soe he -X% ; ca ? Yo the bin Gilt). = TE 00s he : Teh = ERG COS DT pM Al VEC + Mh x ig Aln LE ls : Vepure 1u% Soe Gee +p Me MARL Le taio sin Ve bs 2h hx cos C+ by” ALB 4 Te Xotg srg ng TVs ti" Gos 2TAC- + WY’ Cos WEE Vi xo%y sinh. $s Site. dt. =(t%- 4 yx”) anit + *ela(eos avi i) = Alnihe come [x4 Great wae = 2A CONKT . 2th pln” DY cae] + oe ‘Ceet—t05 Er) (COs 2WY-1)~ SR_[eeos ie + yc HV - 2x0 COS™HE “ao ANAT = Xo" AINA COS FAT + XXqCOS 2H E24 = 1" COSGRCMIGME+H”Cos iT] Ties bred] Ce sestetat ogee lees ar xx] _ a Keyes {Gu lt-to)} - 2xx0] a Aln{T.d-to}f, 3p 0: nik mam parriote moves th XY Plane UIA contol casdleration rir» thon tae expression: for H 4 principle funoti¢n will be, Soo pervert rgyeneo -2(Llo+4Y0)f. # Prove fot he 6) Pet (prea?) , Qatuc'(%) @ Peliicind , 9-9 eb oe (W) = dn(yeast), Parent is Cam & 4 A particle s revolving on a. smooth plane abouk a E Combe oF force, the oeedlenation oC te distunee, When he KY. Particle arrives ot am apse Az plan bau yeove wih veloeliy- abouk 4peopsidal tine. Show hak te Aubsoquent orbit dueribes on the plane WIL be a portion of a parabola. amd thot when the Pantiole Leower the plane, ts velocity willbe v8 times Re verity ot $2 verter oF the parabola .A@00) Here, F> (.40,-401,9) q POL10) a ete Ae ’ ©.0,R), ty x @= (0,0, 0) de a a x Sy =&@ el) +o z 3 xy wy = &t4,107)+ -c'y a4) ~&, $-w'y 02.04) «! Bh, of motion, LE PZ POXs-wr ¥-0"Y = Hy oe testeiyety EF Qmg=R xz Aeos (it) +84in G+) te coos(Zy rv sindy) > y-E/- ecin(By) Ad, t20, %0, Yoo XO Hey. “Q=A 2. Xea@sanr Date 2 y= A ain) + Desay) age Bee & ('- costs) = oy [i- ¥] a =". ato 72a-- at , wiih Sea? al s- Nerten ts ak apse @o). : Whon tre portiole Will Leave, Hon, R=O >$:0 Yevcos(At =o 2 ty ate L. rt a Wj kswy. w.2¥. Be, LB. oe a wv 2'@e # 6) Pah Bra?) , Getaue' (Mp) Ltbdg Pda) - . BS by, - epotohle a - Hh ab] 4 : . Soe exast ton Eb fe Fgh lve, aCe) oa 2 Ibda-G tat Sad SERS ee i] “Zb-Seyer heb 2 a cheat UD pas wit ve ewe, tf, 5,0-$4)-# ED i1-$ 4 Cet (DReda sind, 92d tomb 2 Cbdg- CPA) Nf HE (bey~2. Last: (tomboy +9 -beebeb) =Y[P-Clauc dntinbyy [email protected]" dn blob ab] {Fis Will be enact, UF, 2, (b-etomh Anabrb) = 2 (cade bbs > 1-C[4al%} dmalnp+ tamp cot] = -C 400% Uastnp =71-@ cam ~0 went} ely regen Y (it) Pz get & , A> In (feos b) “ see Zbdg - CPAd) % = Tdg + CUM fo bin tp . => dy +e 4 dp, Tis wlll be exact, B, (b)= 2 @) > 12¢ >Cs/ a lor, # A-heayy particle of mam m wove On afne smocth tube Of mass M th the form oF cirewlar hlix: Laatose, gaoaln®, 2-CO, re tube is free to MOVE about its axis, whieh i vert Find. Be vertieal cedlanation of ta. 70B-> a fixed Plame in space. XOZ>A Plows th the rigih body P(a.,8+4,2) ° rob mire: oe pels ay © Kinetle enorgy of He vigtd body, Tok Marr “Log m fa" O49 a4 +hnats*imge =H {erp 2} +4 matp"+mgz logramges equation of motion, [awit C4(G)-2 -0 Bang | 2m. p)z}—m9-0 | dee ae 2 Gz (% +!) + Bor -9°0 ~0 Bea matGg) ene j And, $e (BS) 5570 ie nal (+B) +Melp « 0 ae 2 (B eS a)Se ¥ ox (mam - Ox gS gives, ena Brei)-atery EBD +0 oy 3 (tr Beem BEd en SE TE Ae mars (Mem)ev com@, -metiende +6 Men) «0 Mare(Meme” gs ine @ > B= -eame ' veone pane pov unif, cen ne of ron nt ra ee ana hook Ee 5 ot igo fuad point. A da bead. oF and. Here ts 70 friction. Ft | ge pasion of stble equilibativm - eaee \ ; < KE. oF tro hook [ee pmareteg Mars = Mare” cae ofp ia ot we van 4 at nari soaps OD Polfoentl ung eat = -Mpiicosd - mg {acose +a.cosp} a oa = mga {I-$°_ tga. {gy $I,You MUL", Ma 9% ae Leta dma iB)" y- Mgae” mga ergy -f. 9-60 4 ag ol = 4%) ~ay + Bh > dt omatés pace =-Oltgaesnga i : . 9 QaarGemare emarg ie i ] T wv cd a MA EG) FE BS * feat api - > ak(S+9) +000, We Assume Hat the so es ete ova p-ged. From! 0, GMa met aero marc Le, emipapa,e%p 79[omim -a@nany-g mareo -6 | From@, a(-0,2% Bh, PeMt)iog ct.g Fe Car) +p, (-2"a+9)-0 Eliminating G5 and , from © ond O, os @-ma2” =OA" g-Ha. =0. , (sr)g~02"9 (oom) aigdrn) + ata (amar) - melas we 7 2Mar gt — 0g 2° (3M 49m) +(Mtm)g% 29 Pe 2.2% OFGM+2m) £ OE Guta IDM) — 89M’ my | i ‘ mas Bir 4 = tomtom) + WME ato = = 20M +209) £9 (420) ae Ma. a TAM, 42 20412 9Gn07) 14, 9» 1Geean) <4 042 : . IVD = 8m Hg a! Tt am pee Ma’ 1 Ar FeuerFoo Wavy uniform rods AB and AC ach of mam M “+ Jangth 90. ave hinged at A amd. placed sym 1 oer a Kmobth Cylinder of radius @, whose ciniis td hortzontal, Tf thoy are lightly ond Agimmetrtealty ds | trom the position ot equilibrium , show tat thetime of + , SmalLosetllation ig 21 (eal CES) Where acoshyaeste \o X= asing From, 440, 2 ‘t= 00080 —¢ coseeg 2. esting ee a OA Ceoseeg For equilibrium point, 5-0 er 4 Naw, By eich 6 eoeas ote i lets at oo for @=0. HrOalnd + ecoseen cotqao ° Rey Aslndy = RD coos YO)= creos6~ @ edsend betes dre bom bey t “none Gee > Gre) = ye) ‘Ble gel er = £(®),.. a = ~ 20086 ~ eeosed ent% - aecsata oe oA ong OSA LO seme (Colla + easec"e) =—A.t0sq ~ Aln®k anseon (anced e - e eT eae eC meen = eos — 0. (2cosee~!) =-Altosy +2 _ Aint a { y ~6 eose + East) + eos" +1) eno Pose aeosA (ei ‘Je ee (a % acosa ease eS eh [ee RD “Se GaseD ee 2 y 2 We fut need to pub . + Fea tulead of a. & [since 4 Two uniform ods of same mow and of samme Length 2a ore freely jorred ata common edremity and + SA upon two smooth peg Whithare inthe same hortzontal plome So that each ywd ts thelined gt omale x 4D the vertical. Show Bat te time of smoul Oselltation When the gaint moves in & vertical abubht dine & is br / (seoe%) (#3605%) COsqAB-ACe AD PA=Oae ue arind y= acoso -ccoto Tea.dm (er+s") +25 mn. 2 V20.- 2m Ht > -Bmg(pc0s6- -c0oto) Apequllibrium position, d¥-0 > - ~bglno +@ see’ -0 > -a.slnte +070 > arlnro>e Dern yO aoa 4O)> acoso - ecote | Hay let o=are Be i@te > = 160+ Ba e8ut by" Fic $b. ny ae j et $ (Fhe. <— Ses the ss H -asthe + ¢ coses’s : oY. -asose 3 decosec’s cote ‘ aa) = -an0se - 2&easec"s cota « » ak Qand, C= Arin'g “Ye -tmg- [Yo @- F (o20su+22 cases’ cota)] = Vor amg e? aie + 20.40%) BVot dmg e% ALOS« T= 'm (acoso 6)" Marg” = m6” (oso +4) = mare” (44 og, 4) i...)* eB) BE +B 7 $ (amare (eos’a+4)) = — Gmge a cose ae ade )@ + 89e cosa +0 Ez - 39 Cosa é ad a($+cos’4) | >On 4 008% perl ia 22n 5 CS) 4 TF a wit mais of particle moves tn X-¥ plame und a.central: assoloration wr, Yun AL expression for Hs ‘i will be F Ss eh YryM cos nt - eter *)t Tat ae)- Fox Xe-nn. ‘ | “pur Acos nt +6.4innt: Be Abi te@) ZX and L%o: . bemeced, 0° Atdoenigt snp —o X= L{A stn nto + Bens nte)n Sue vat ee -AAln mo +8e05 nto ay Ox Piiints + @xeosnto +. Apaintot Fe wosntoe> =B.4iting +8 eg? Pte 8 <2 .Be% Ainto + % costo : us) ¥ | Simtlorrdy, Ox C6 ntp - - Ox4in rio, @XpCos nto~ Hq binnto = ‘A i % : “AD % rocosnt +4 a ae ot Le-nrxAinne +% wsne ;on ‘ ‘i ————— nN te Gs bwin y Bo’ osnt-On xt, in ne sn Mert Te" = dk costne 44 gerne + Mie inne cas ak = xy Cos ant +b 4F COstnT~MrIp%y bin ane 18> {l-wyar “(Ee prhg) Anant Te (osgne—j) 7 4 Yeasts On” SE feet. agent Pi : + mart cf os nt-).br-xoeoe ne) [wensmr ad eos2nt Gene =x COST $%q LCOS ONT ~ Ky +2 WEN - Ay COS HUGS Int] if . . TD [reas eosne-IxxoJ sailor, Sy 2 Pree Raw eosne-24%7 ss Sut Sy = Sahoo) [eeeage Pryeosee-t) eet dty] We KE, of veya so. Auster Tr ERAS 4) ond. - (oC ys by Lt 4 th, He, vatotion betoeen . Pay Pap %\ mitted fe Peal oe Penh, ‘ n * DndD % and % are given by areas Where aby? avie Gsnitaks, vf We howe, WE) Up=% Vals Myst, Wel Mhmd. Now, je dy» [PE gy +8, , here) Kohut OP > [a ae +B. cca cree 2 bn |%+ Ph = tn Pat puto! Ms BR at MyM YORE * WING ee ad Ee24, My = M Age : yi DHMAL 29,9, = MAR IML 49K - 26 VFL. ire IMAL le -@ntLeK t2M4% AM™ (AP DGMe) = Merah pees 2MLK+4KM4 iy MOLI a, PAMDAPGr amare + 4MraL iis a APD eile 42x +4 4;%+4M3 LQ, tee => OMES as OMA SKM +H ML)% Ye = MPM” 2M LG > (OMIT a4 TOMES a2" ao (— GE 4 Mele. AE yi = Fo Noy 1 (Brno HEY” Gt Pee ak. th ” ae eae 3 am- Fee Mie 2% 144 = ane es ba ti -” = DM -O” (404) > WW $[- GE Myc WEY] “ Fom, O, antec + 2. ae Ce Fa HE) 29, +$1i*( EK) > OMIA?” + Coma ye5)% Gy +2. OMB) ve CGR + Me Be) %% = [t- & Hie YA Date awe * Bel _ Slat, 2M =a, 26M\ED = b Oe “=O Cos$=_ mye ME 5 CKD. ss ton © becomes, aay +, tPA” + 2ab cosy Udy = Anin’f