LESSON OBJECTIVES

• Describe work and

power
• Understand Mechanical Work
• Calculate Work and
Power
 Lift the Book
• Get your science book and put it flat on the
desk.
• Hold the book and lift it until it is above your
head and put it back right away.
• Hold the book again and lift it slowly until it
reaches the same height you reached and first
time you carried it up. Slowly put it back to the
desk.
Think This Over:

• When do you know that the book has

moved?
• Compare the amount of effort you expanded
when lifting the book at a different rate.
When changes in position and
force are multiplied, this is now
called WORK.
Work involves two quantities,
application of force, and
displacement that is covered
because of that force.
 Expression to used to calculate
work:
Work= force x displacement

W= F x d

Unit for work= Newton- meter (N-m) or Joule (J)

For Example:
If a force of 30N is applied on an
object that made it cover a
distance of 5 m. Calculate the work
done on the object neglecting
friction.
Beatrice applied a force of 12 N to
push a cart on the frictionless floor
to a distance of 8. 06 m. How
much work is done?
When forces are applied at a
certain angle, the expression of
work involve the x- component
of the applied force and
displacement.
• No work is done if there is no change in
position or zero displacement even if force is
applied.
• Work done can be positive and is in its
maximum value if the applied force is parallel
and has the same direction as the
displacement.
• Work can be negative if the force is 180 degree
away from the displacement. This is the case if
you are calculating for the work done by
frictional force.
• If force is applied at a certain angle, always take
note that the force to be used to get work is
always the force parallel with displacement.
Example:
If the person pushes the luggage with a constant
force of 100 N at an angle of 35 degree to the
horizontal, how much work does he do in pushing
it to a distance of 100 m?
Roldan used a horizontal force of
15N to push a cart on a ramp
which is 8.2 m long at an angle of
35 degree above the horizontal.
What work is done?
An object is horizontally dragged across the
surface by a 100 N force acting parallel to the
surface. Find out the amount of work done by the
force in moving the object through a distance of 8
m.
ACTIVITY 14: CHECKING UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Answer the given problem below.

1. A bulldozer exerts a constant force of 7.50 x 10^5 N

on a gigantic rock that made it move a horizontal
distance of 45.0 cm. How much work is done by the
bulldozer?
ACTIVITY 14: CHECKING UNDERSTANDING
Directions: Answer the given problem below.

2. A man pushed a cart with a constant force of

200 N at an angle of 30° above the horizontal. If
he does 750 J of work, how much distance is
covered by the cart?
Directions: Answer the following questions below.
Do it on 1 whole sheet of paper.
• Cite examples where no matter how much
force is exerted on an object, no work is done
on it? Give additional examples positive and
negative work.
2. How many joules of work are done when 10 N
net for force moves a table 10 m?
3. A grade 8 students holding her science book that
has a mass of 1 000 grams. She holds it outside her
classroom window, which is 3.5 meters above the
ground. After some time she released it.
4. A grade 8 students holding her science book that
has a mass of 1 000 grams. She holds it outside her
classroom window, which is 3.5 meters above the
ground. After some time she released it.
a. How much work did the student do by holding
the textbook out of the classroom window?
b. How much work is done by the force of gravity
when the book released?
4. An 875 grams block slides down at 25 degree
inclined plane with a constant velocity. The length
of the inclined plane is 1 m.
a. Draw the free body diagram.
b. What is the net work done on the block?
c. What happens to the value of the net work if
the angle of incline increases so that the block
gains acceleration?
 How fast work is done.
The rate at which energy is
transferred.
Power= work done/ time interval
P= W/t
P= Fd/t
P= mgh/t
P= Fv
The unit for power (P) is Joule per
second or J/s.
This is collectively known as watt
(W) unit. 1 watt= 1 J in 1 sec
Kilowatt (kW). 1000 watts= 1kW
Horsepower (hp).
1hp=746 watts (W)=0.746 kW
For example:
A crane used in constructing
buildings lift 1x10^3 kg of concrete
from the ground to the height of 30
meters. It took the crane 10 seconds to
reach the height at a constant velocity
rate. How much work is done by the
crane in every second it is lifting the
load?
The motors of two air-conditioning
units have net power outputs of 0.75
hp and 1 hp. How much work in joules
can each unit do in 1 hour? How long
will it take for each unit to do 1 000 kJ
of work?
A 50-kg person runs up the stairs
10 meters high in 2
minutes. Acceleration due
to gravity (g) is 9.8
m/s . Determine the power.
2
Calculate the power required of a 60-kg
person who climbs a tree 5 meters high in
10 seconds. Acceleration due to gravity is
9.8 m/s2
A new conveyor system at the local
packaging plan will utilize a motor-powered
mechanical arm to exert an average force of
890 N to push large crates a distance of 12
meters in 22 seconds. Determine the power
output required of such a motor.
During the Powerhouse lab, Jerome runs up
the stairs, elevating his 102 kg body a vertical
distance of 2.29 meters in a time of 1.32
seconds at a constant speed.
a. Determine the work done by Jerome in
climbing the stair case.
b. Determine the power generated by
Jerome.