R22B.Pharmacy I YearModifiedSyllabus

R22 B.
Pharmacy I & II Year JNTUH
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

B. PHARMACY COURSE STRUCTURE AND I & II YEARS SYLLABUS
Effective from Academic Year 2022-23 Admitted Batch
I Year I semester
S. Course Code Subject L T P Credits
No
1 PS101 Human Anatomy and Physiology I 3 1 - 4
2 PS102 Pharmaceutical Analysis I 3 1 - 4
3 PS103 Pharmaceutics 3 1 - 4
4 PS104 Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry 3 1 - 4
5 HS105 Communication skills 2 - - 2
6 BS106/BS107 Remedial Biology# / Remedial Mathematics$ 2#/3$ - - 2#/3$
7 PS108 Human Anatomy and Physiology-I lab - - 4 2
8 PS109 Pharmaceutical Analysis I lab - - 4 2
9 PS110 Pharmaceutics lab - - 4 2
10 PS111 Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry lab - - 4 2
11 HS112 Communication skills lab - - 2 1
12 BS113 Remedial Biology lab - - 2 1
#
Total 16/17 4 20 30 /30
#
Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Mathematics / Physics / Chemistry at HSC and appearing
for Remedial Biology (RB) course.
$
Applicable ONLY for the students who have studied Physics / Chemistry / Botany / Zoology at HSC and
appearing for Remedial Mathematics (RM) course.
I Year II semester
S. Course Subject L T P Credits
No Code
1 PS201 Human Anatomy and Physiology II 3 1 - 4
2 PS202 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I 3 1 - 4
3 BS203 Biochemistry 3 1 - 4
4 BS204 Pathophysiology 3 1 - 4
5 CS205 Computer Applications in Pharmacy 3 - - 3
6 PS206 Human Anatomy and Physiology II lab - - 4 2
7 PS207 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-I Lab - - 4 2
8 BS208 Biochemistry lab - - 4 2
9 CS209 Computer Applications in Pharmacy lab - - 2 1
10 *MC200 NSS - - - -
Total 15 4 14 26
II YEAR I SEMESTER
Course
S. No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS301 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II 3 1 0 4
2 PS302 Physical Pharmaceutics-I 3 1 0 4
3 BS303 Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3 1 0 4
4 PC304 Pharmaceutical Engineering 3 1 0 4
5 PS305 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II Lab 0 0 4 2
6 PS306 Physical Pharmaceutics-I Lab 0 0 4 2
7 BS307 Pharmaceutical Microbiology Lab 0 0 4 2
8 PC308 Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab 0 0 4 2
10 *MC300 NSO 0 0 0 0
Total Credits 12 04 16 24
R22 B.Pharmacy I & II Year JNTUH
II YEAR II SEMESTER
Course
S. No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS401 Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-III 3 1 0 4
2 PC402 Physical Pharmaceutics-II 3 1 0 4
3 PS403 Pharmacology-I 3 1 0 4
4 PC404 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I 3 1 0 4
5 PS405 Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence 3 1 0 4
6 PC406 Physical Pharmaceutics-II Lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS407 Pharmacology-I Lab 0 0 4 2
8 PC408 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry-I Lab 0 0 4 2
9 *MC400 Gender Sensitization Lab 1 0 0 0
Total Credits 16 05 12 26
III Year I Semester

S. No. Course Code Course Title L T P Credits
1 PS501 Medicinal Chemistry I 3 1 0 4
2 PS502 Industrial Pharmacy - I 3 1 0 4
3 PS503 Pharmacology II 3 1 0 4
4 PS504 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - II 3 1 0 4
5 Open Elective - I 3 1 0 4
PS505 I. Generic Product Development
PS506 II. Green Chemistry
PS507 III. Cell and Molecular Biology
PS508 IV. Cosmetic science
6 PC509 Medicinal Chemistry I Lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS510 Industrial Pharmacy – I lab 0 0 4 2
8 PS511 Pharmacology - II lab 0 0 4 2
9 PS512 Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - II lab 0 0 4 2
10 *MC500 Environmental sciences 1 0 0 0
Total 16 05 16 28
III Year II Semester

S. No. Course Code Course Title L T P Credits
1 PS601 Medicinal Chemistry - II 3 1 0 4
2 PS602 Pharmacology - III 3 1 0 4
3 PS603 Herbal Drug Technology 3 1 0 4
4 PS604 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics 3 1 0 4
5 Open Elective - II 3 1 0 4
PS605 I. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance
PS606 II. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
PS607 III. Bioinformatics
PS608 IV. Screening Methods in Pharmacology
6 PS609 Medicinal chemistry - II lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS610 Pharmacology - III lab 0 0 4 2
8 PS611 Herbal Drug Technology lab 0 0 4 2
9 PS612 Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Lab 0 0 4 2
10 *MC600 Human Values and Professional Ethics 1 0 0 0
Total 16 05 16 28
IV Year I Semester
Course
S.No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS701 Instrumental Methods of Analysis 3 1 0 4
2 PS702 Industrial Pharmacy-II 3 1 0 4
3 PS703 Pharmacy Practice 3 1 0 4
4 PS704 Medicinal Chemistry - III 3 1 0 4
5 Open Elective - III 3 1 0 4
PS705 i. Pharmaceutical Marketing
PS706 ii. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science

PS707 iii. Pharmacovigilance
PS708 iv. Quality Control and Standardization of Herbals
6 PS709 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Lab 0 0 4 2
7 PS710 Practice School 0 0 4 2
8 PS711 Industrial Training 0 0 4 2
Total 15 5 12 26
IV Year II Semester
Course
S.No Course Title L T P Credits
Code
1 PS801 Biostatistics and Research Methodology 3 1 0 4
2 PS802 Social and Preventive Pharmacy 3 1 0 4
3 PS803 Novel Drug Delivery System 3 1 0 4
4 Open Elective - IV 3 1 0 4
PS804 i. Computer Aided Drug Design
PS805 ii. Nano Technology
PS806 iii. Experimental Pharmacology
PS807 iv. Advanced Instrumentation Techniques
5 PS808 Novel Drug Delivery System Lab 0 0 4 2
6 Project Work 0 0 6 3
Total 12 4 10 21
*MC - Mandatory Course - Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory.

PS101: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - I
B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure andfunctions of the various
systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject
provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
 Explain the gross morphology, structure, and functions of various organs of the human body.
 Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
 Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
 Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
 Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
UNIT –I 10 hours
Introduction to human body
Definition and scope of anatomy and physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life
processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology.
Cellular level of organization
Structure and functions of cell, transport across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles
of cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by extracellular signal molecule, Forms of
intracellular signaling: a) Contact-dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine
Tissue level of organization
Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective
tissues.
UNIT – II 10 hours
Integumentary system Structure and functions of skin
Skeletal system
Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient features, and functions of bones of axial and appendicular
skeletal system
Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction, neuromuscular junction
Joints
Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements and its articulation
UNIT – III 10 hours

Nervous system
Organization of nervous system, neuron, neuroglia, classification and properties of nerve fibre,
electrophysiology, action potential, nerve impulse, receptors, synapse, neurotransmitters.
Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of brain and cerebrospinal fluid.Structure and functions of brain
(cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve tracts,
reflex activity)
UNIT – IV 08 hours
Peripheral nervous system:
Classification of peripheral nervous system: Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous system. Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves.
Special senses: Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
UNIT – V 07 hours
Endocrine system
Classification of hormones, mechanism of hormone action, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid
gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders.
TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypeebrothers medical
publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New
York
3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA
4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi.
8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s
medical publishers, New Delhi.
REFERENCE BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata
PS102: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I

3 1 0 4
Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles of electrochemical
analysis of drugs
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

 understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis
 carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations
 develop analytical skills
UNIT - I 10 Hours
(a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope
i) Different techniques of analysis
ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and secondary standards.
iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions-Oxalic acid, sodium
hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and
ceric ammonium sulphate
(b) Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors, accuracy, precision and
significant figures
UNIT – II 10 Hours
Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification ofacid base titrations and theory involved
in titrations of strong, weak, and very weak acids and bases, neutralization curves
Non-aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration andestimation of Sodium benzoate and
Ephedrine HCl
UNIT – III 10 Hours

Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, ModifiedVolhard’s, Fajans method, estimation of sodium
chloride.
Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, maskingand demasking reagents, estimation
of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium gluconate.
Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purityof the precipitate: co-precipitation and
post precipitation, Estimation of barium sulphate.
UNIT – IV 08 Hours
Redox titrations:
(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications)
Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration withpotassium iodate
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Electrochemical methods of analysis:
Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometrictitrations, applications.
Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and workingof reference (Standard hydrogen, silver
chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and glass electrode),
methods to determine end point of potentiometric titration and applications.
Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction andworking of dropping mercury electrode and
rotating platinum electrode, applications

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press of
University of London
2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis by Badwaik Hemant R. published by Pharma Med Press

3. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
4. P. GunduRao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles
7. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
8. Badwaik Hemant R., Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharma Med Press
PS103: PHARMACEUTICS

3 1 0 4
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatorypharmacy with arts and
science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Know the history of profession of pharmacy
 Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and pharmaceutical
calculations
 Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
 Preparation of various conventional dosage forms
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: Historyof profession of Pharmacy in
India in relation to pharmacy education, industry, and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias:
Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions
Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription andErrors in prescription.
Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculationsbased on age, body weight and
body surface area.
Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures–Imperial & Metricsystem, Calculations involving
percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular
weight.
Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages, Simple&compound powders – official
preparations, dusting powders, effervescent, efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic mixtures.
Geometric dilutions.
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation
of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques

Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal
drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and Lotions.
Biphasic liquids:
Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications, Preparation of suspensions;
Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability problems and methods to overcome.
Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the identificationof type ofEmulsion, Methods
of preparation & stability problems and methods to overcome.
Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases, methods of preparations.
Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of suppositories.
Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemicaland therapeutic
incompatibilities with examples.
UNIV – V 07 Hours
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factorsinfluencing dermal penetration
of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms.
Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms

1. H.C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery System, Lippincott Williams and
Walkins, New Delhi.
2. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS publishers, New Delhi.
3. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
4. Indian pharmacopoeia.
5. British pharmacopoeia.
6. Lachmann. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lea&Febiger Publisher, The University of
Michigan.
7. Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams, New
Delhi.
8. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s. Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi.
9. E.A. Rawlins, Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics, English Language Book Society, Elsevier Health
Sciences, USA.
10. Isaac GhebreSellassie: Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC, New York.
11. Dilip M. Parikh: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC, New York.
12. Francoise Nieloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres: Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions, Marcel
Dekker, INC, New York.
13. Tripathi Dulal Krishna, Pharmaceutics: Basic Principles and Formulations, Pharma Med Press
PS104: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

3 1 0 4
Scope: This subject deals with the monographs of inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of course, student shall be able to

 know the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic drugs and
pharmaceuticals
 understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic compounds
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of impurities,
principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit
test for Chloride and Sulphate
General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscriptedwith asterisk (*), properties and
medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging to the following classes
Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical
systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods
of adjusting isotonicity.
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of majorPhysiological ions, Electrolytes used in the
replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt
(ORS), Physiological acid base balance.
Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dentalcaries, Desensitizing agents, Calcium
carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol cement.

Gastrointestinal agents
Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, SodiumBicarbonate*, Aluminum hydroxide
gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin andBentonite
Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boricacid, Hydrogen peroxide*,
Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations
Miscellaneous compounds
Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodiumnitrite333
Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, Properties of á, â, ã radiations, Half life,
radio isotopes and study of radio isotopes - Sodium iodide I131, Storage conditions, precautions &
pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone Press of
University of London, 4th edition.
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. GunduRao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition
4. M.L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. Anand&Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
7. IndianPharmacopoeia
8. Algarsamy V. Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
9. Rao Somasekhar, Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry, Pharma Med Press
HS105: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

2 0 0 2
Scope: This course will prepare the young pharmacy student to interact effectively withdoctors, nurses,
dentists, physiotherapists and other health workers. At the end of this course the student will get the soft skills
set to work cohesively with the team as a team player and will add value to the pharmaceutical business.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
 Understand the behavioral needs for a Pharmacist to function effectively in the areas of
pharmaceutical operation
 Communicate effectively (Verbal and Non-Verbal)
 Effectively manage the team as a team player
 Develop interview skills
 Develop Leadership qualities and essentials
UNIT – I 07 Hours
Communication Skills: Introduction, Definition, The Importance of Communication, The Communication
Process – Source, Message, Encoding, Channel, Decoding, Receiver, Feedback, Context
Barriers to communication: Physiological Barriers, Physical Barriers, CulturalBarriers, Language Barriers,
Gender Barriers, Interpersonal Barriers, Psychological Barriers, Emotional barriers
Perspectives in Communication: Introduction, Visual Perception, Language, Otherfactors affecting our
perspective - Past Experiences, Prejudices, Feelings, Environment
Elements of Communication: Introduction, Face to Face Communication - Tone ofVoice, Body Language
(Non-verbal communication), Verbal Communication, Physical Communication
Communication Styles: Introduction, The Communication Styles Matrix with examplefor each -Direct
Communication Style, Spirited Communication Style, Systematic Communication Style, Considerate
Communication Style

Basic Listening Skills: Introduction, Self-Awareness, Active Listening, Becoming anActive Listener, Listening
in Difficult Situations
Effective Written Communication: Introduction, When and When Not to Use WrittenCommunication -
Complexity of the Topic, Amount of Discussion’ Required, Shades of
Meaning, Formal Communication
Writing Effectively: Subject Lines, Put the Main Point First, Know Your Audience, Organization of the
Message
Interview Skills: Purpose of an interview, Do’s and Dont’s of an interview
Giving Presentations: Dealing with Fears, Planning your Presentation, Structuring Your Presentation,
Delivering Your Presentation, Techniques of Delivery
UNIT – V 04 Hours
Group Discussion: Introduction, Communication skills in group discussion, Do’s andDont’s of group
discussion

1. Basic communication skills for Technology, Andreja. J. Ruther Ford, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education,
2011
2. Communication skills, Sanjay Kumar, Pushpalata, 1stEdition, Oxford Press, 2011
3. Organizational Behaviour, Stephen.P. Robbins, 1stEdition, Pearson, 2013
4. Brilliant- Communication skills, Gill Hasson, 1stEdition, Pearson Life, 2011
5. The Ace of Soft Skills: Attitude, Communication and Etiquette for success, GopalaSwamy Ramesh,
5thEdition, Pearson, 2013
6. Developing your influencing skills, Deborah Dalley, Lois Burton, Margaret, Green hall, 1st Edition
Universe of Learning LTD, 2010
7. Communication skills for professionals, Konarnira, 2ndEdition, New arrivals – PHI, 2011
8. Personality development and soft skills, Barun K Mitra, 1stEdition, Oxford Press, 2011
9. Soft skill for everyone, Butter Field, 1st Edition, Cengage Learning India pvt.ltd, 2011
10. Soft skills and professional communication, Francis Peters SJ, 1stEdition, McGraw Hill Education, 2011
11. Effective communication, John Adair, 4thEdition, Pan Mac Millan,2009
12. Bringing out the best in people, Aubrey Daniels, 2ndEdition, McGraw Hill, 1999
13. Rao Bhaskara, Communication Skills, BS Publications
BS106: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

2 0 0 2
Scope: To learn and understand the components of living world, structure and functionalsystem of plant and
animal kingdom.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to
 know the classification and salient features of five kingdoms of life
 understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology of plant
 know understand the basic components of anatomy & physiology animal with special reference to
human
UNIT - I 07 Hours
Living world:
 Definition and characters of living organisms
 Diversity in the living world
 Binomial nomenclature
 Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi, Animalia
and Plantae, Virus,
Morphology of Flowering plants
Morphology of different parts of flowering plants – Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed.
General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons &Dicotylidones.
Body fluids and circulation
Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood, Composition and functions of lymph
Human circulatory system, Structure of human heart and blood vessels, Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and
ECG
Digestion and Absorption
Human alimentary canal and digestive glands, Role of digestive enzymes, Digestion, absorption and
assimilation of digested food
Breathing and respiration
Human respiratory system, Mechanism of breathing and its regulation, Exchange of gases, transport of gases
and regulation of respiration, Respiratory volumes

Excretory products and their elimination
Modes of excretion, Human excretory system- structure and function, Urine formation, Rennin angiotensin
system
Neural control and coordination
Definition and classification of nervous system, Structure of a neuron, Generation, and conduction of nerve
impulse, Structure of brain and spinal cord, Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and medulla
oblongata
Chemical coordination and regulation
Endocrine glands and their secretions, Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands
Human reproduction
Parts of female reproductive system, Parts of male reproductive system, Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis,
Menstrual cycle
Plants and mineral nutrition:
Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis:
Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting photosynthesis.
UNIT – V 04 Hours
Plant respiration: Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic).
Plant growth and development
Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth, Introduction to plant growth regulators
Cell - The unit of life
Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles. Cell division
Tissues
Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Text book of Biology by S. B. Gokhale
2. A Text book of Biology by Dr. Thulajappa and Dr. Seetaram.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Text book of Biology by B.V. Sreenivasa Naidu
2. A Text book of Biology by Naidu and Murthy
3. Botany for Degree students By A.C. Dutta.
4. Outlines of Zoology by M. Ekambaranathaayyer and T. N. Ananthakrishnan.
5. A manual for pharmaceutical biology practical by S.B. Gokhale and C. K. Kokate
BS107: REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS

3 0 0 3
Scope: This is an introductory course in mathematics. This subject deals with theintroduction to Partial fraction,
Logarithm, matrices and Determinant, Analytical geometry, Calculus, differential equation and Laplace
transform.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:-
 Know the theory and their application in Pharmacy
 Solve the different types of problems by applying theory
 Appreciate the important application of mathematics in Pharmacy
UNIT – I 06 Hours
Matrices and Determinant:
Introduction matrices, Types of matrices, Operation on matrices, Transpose of a matrix, Matrix Multiplication,
Determinants, Properties of determinants, Product of determinants, Singular and non-singular matrices,
Inverse of a matrix, Solution of system of linear of equations using Gauss Elimination method.
UNIT- II 06 Hours
Logarithms:
Introduction, Definition, Theorems/Properties of logarithms, Common logarithms, Characteristic and Mantissa,
worked examples, application of logarithm to solve pharmaceutical problems.
Function:
Real Valued function, Classification of real valued functions

Calculus
Limits and continuity:
Introduction, Limit of a function, Definition of limit of a function
Differentiation:
Introductions, properties of derivatives, Finding derivative of a function usinf Standard Derivatives, Derivative
of the sum or difference of two functions, Derivative of the product of two functions (product formula), Derivative
of the quotient of two functions (Quotient formula) – Without Proof. Related problem.
Integration:
Introduction, Definition, Standard formulae, Rules of integration, Method of substitution, Method of Partial
fractions, Integration by parts, definite integrals, application
UNIT – V 06 Hours
Differential Equations:
Some basic definitions, Order and degree, Equations in separable form, Homogeneous equations, Linear
Differential equations, Exact equations, Application in solving
Pharmacokinetic equations
TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

1. Differential Calculus by Shanthinarayan
2. Intermediate telugu academy mathematics text book
3. Integral Calculus by Shanthinarayan
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by Dr.B.S. Grewal
5. A Text Book of Remedial Mathematics by P seshagiri Rao, Pharmamed Press.
PS108: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- I Lab

0 0 4 2
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the
verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue, intact
animals, or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the subject.
List of Experiments:
1. Study of compound microscope.
2. Microscopic study of epithelial and connective tissue
3. Microscopic study of muscular and nervous tissue
4. Identification of axial bones
5. Identification of appendicular bones
6. To study the integumentary and special senses using specimen, models, etc.,
7. To study the nervous system using specimen, models, etc.,
8. To study the endocrine system using specimen, models, etc
9. To demonstrate the general neurological examination
10. To demonstrate the function of olfactory nerve
11. To examine the different types of taste.
12. To demonstrate the visual acuity
13. To demonstrate the reflex activity
14. Recording of body temperature
15. To demonstrate positive and negative feedback mechanism.
PS109: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I Lab

0 0 4 2
1. Preparation and standardization of
1) Sodium hydroxide
2) Sulphuric acid
3) Sodium thiosulfate
4) Potassium permanganate
5) Ceric ammonium sulphate
2. Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant

1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration
2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry
3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry
4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry
5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry
6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration
7) Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration
3. Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods

1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base
2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base
3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base
REFERENCE:
1. Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Practical Manual by Randhir Singh Dahiya, Navpreet Kaur, Lalit Kishore,
Pharmamed.
PS110: PHARMACEUTICS LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Syrups
a) Syrup IP
b) Paracetamol pediatric syrup
2. Elixirs
a) Piperazine citrate elixir
b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir
3. Linctus a) Simple Linctus BPC
4. Solutions
a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate
b) Cresol with soap solution
5. Suspensions
a) Calamine lotion
b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture
5. Emulsions
a) Turpentine Liniment
b) Liquid paraffin emulsion
6. Powders and Granules

a) ORS powder (WHO)
b) Effervescent granules c) Dusting powder
7. Suppositories
a) Glycero gelatin suppository
b) Soap glycerin suppository
8. Semisolids
a) Sulphur ointment
b) Non-staining iodine ointment with methyl salicylate
c) Bentonite gel
9. Gargles and Mouthwashes

a) Potassium chlorate gargle
b) Chlorhexidinemouthwash
REFERENCES BOOKS:
1. Pharmaceutics-I (General Pharmacy) A Practical Manual by Mishra Vijay, Pharmamed Press
2. Pharmaceutics: A Practical Manual for B PHARM & PHARM D Courses, Abraham Sindhu by
Pharmamed Press.
PS111: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - LAB

0 0 4 2
Limit tests for following ions
a) Limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates Limit test for Iron
b) Limit test for Heavy metals Limit test for Lead
c) Limit test for Arsenic
Identification test Magnesium hydroxide Ferrous sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium gluconate Copper
sulphate
Test for purity

a) Swelling power of Bentonite
b) Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel
c) Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide
Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals

a) Boric acid
b) Potash alum
c) Ferrous sulphate
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Practical Pharmaceutical In-Organic Chemistry, by Bayya Subba Rao, Pharmamed Press.
HS112: COMMUNICATION SKILLS - LAB

0 0 2 1
The following learning modules are to be conducted using wordsworth® English language lab software
Basic communication covering the following topics

Meeting People
Asking Questions
Making Friends
What did you do?
Do’s and Dont’s
Pronunciations covering the following topics

Pronunciation (Consonant Sounds)
Pronunciation and Nouns
Pronunciation (Vowel Sounds)
Advanced Learning
Listening Comprehension / Direct and Indirect Speech
Figures of Speech
Effective Communication
Writing Skills
Effective Writing
Interview Handling Skills
E-Mail etiquette
Presentation Skills
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Successful Career Soft Skills and Business English Personality Development and Career Path
by Varanasi Bhaskara Rao, Y. Kameswari
BS113: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY LAB

0 0 2 1
1. Introduction to experiments in biology
a) Study of Microscope
b) Section cutting techniques
c) Mounting and staining
d) Permanent slide preparation
2. Study of cell and its inclusions

3. Study of Stem, Root, Leaf and its modifications
4. Detailed study of frog by using computer models
5. Microscopic study and identification of tissues
6. Identification of bones
7. Determination of blood group
8. Determination of blood pressure
9. Determination of tidal volume
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Practical human anatomy and physiology. By S.R. Kale and R.R. Kale.
2. A Manual of pharmaceutical biology practical by S.B. Gokhale, C.K. Kokate and S.P. Shrivastava.
3. Biology practical manual according to National core curriculum. Biology forum of Karnataka.
Prof.M.J.H. Shafi
PS201: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II
B. Pharm. I Year II Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure andfunctions of the various
systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The subject
provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
 Explain the gross morphology, structure, and functions of various organs of the human body.
 Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
 Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
 Perform the hematological tests like blood cell counts, hemoglobin estimation, bleeding/clotting time
etc and also record blood pressure, heart rate, pulse and respiratory volume.
 Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system
 Appreciate the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis) of
human body.
Unit – I 10 hours
Body fluids and blood
Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms
of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo
endothelial system.
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels, lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
UNIT – II 10 hours
Cardiovascular system
Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and
capillaries, elements of conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system,
cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure, pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
UNIT – III 06 hours

Digestive system
Anatomy of GI Tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, (Acid production in the
stomach, regulation of acid production through parasympathetic nervous system, pepsin role in protein
digestion) small intestineand large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver,
movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of GIT.
Respiratory system
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs, mechanism of respiration, regulation
of respiration
Respiratory system
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration, and resuscitation methods.
Urinary system
Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidney and nephrons, functions of kidney and
urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid base balance, role of
RAS in kidney and disorders of kidney.
UNIT – V 09 hours
Reproductive system
Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex
hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and parturition
Introduction to genetics
Chromosomes, genes and DNA, protein synthesis, genetic pattern of inheritance

1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypeebrothers medical
publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill Livingstone, New
York
4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
7. Human Anatomy and Physiology-II by Singh Amteshwar Jaggi, Pharmamed Press
REFERENCE BOOKS:
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH, U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje, Academic Publishers Kolkata
PS202: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –I

4 1 0 4
Scope: This subject deals with classification and nomenclature of simple organiccompounds, structural
isomerism, intermediates forming in reactions, important physical properties, reactions and methods of
preparation of these compounds. The syllabus also emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of reactions.
 write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
 write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
 account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
 identify/confirm the identification of organic compound
General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with asterisk (*) to be explained
To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications, examples and

differences
UNIT - I 07 Hours
Classification, nomenclature and isomerism
Brief review of structural theory of organic chemistry, hybridization, bond length, bond angle, bond energy;
inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugationand their application in the analysis of
strength of organic acids, bases and stability of organic compounds; structure, shape and reactivity of
nucleophiles, electrophiles and free radicals; cleavage of bonds-homolysis and heterolysis
Classification of Organic Compounds: Common and IUPAC systems of nomenclature of organic
compounds (up to 10 Carbons open chain and carbocyclic compounds)
Structural isomerisms in organic compounds
Types of organic reactions: Addition reactions-electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical; Substitution
reactions-electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical; elimination and rearrangement reactions
Alkanes*, Alkenes* and Conjugated dienes*
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in context to
their structure
Alkanes: Preparation: Catalytic hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, Kolbe’s synthesis, from Grignard reagent.
Reactions: Free radical Substitution: Halogenation, Synthesis of cycloalkanes and different kinds of strains in
cycloalkanes
Alkenes: Preparation: Elimination reactions: Dehydration of alkenes and dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
(Saytzeff’s rule); cis alkenes (Partial catalytic hydrogenation) and trans alkenes (Birch reduction). Reactions:
cis-addition (alk. KMnO4) and trans-addition (bromine), Addition of HX (Markownikoff’s and anti-
Markownikoff’s addition), Hydration, Ozonolysis, oxymecuration-demercuration, Hydroboration-oxidation,
stability of alkenes
Conjugated dienes: Stability, Diel-Alder, electrophilic addition, free radical additionreactions of conjugated
dienes, allylic rearrangement
Alkynes: Preparation: Acetylene from CaC2 and conversion into higher alkynes; by dehalogenation of tetra
halides and dehydrohalogenation of vicinal-dihalides. Reactions: formation of metal acetylides, addition of
bromine and alkaline KMnO4, ozonolysis and oxidation with hot alk. KMnO4

Alkyl halides*
SN1 and SN2 reactions - kinetics, order of reactivity of alkyl halides, stereochemistry andrearrangement of
carbocations, SN1 versus SN2 reactions, Factors affecting SN1 and SN2 reactions, Preparation: from alkenes
and alcohols. Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation.
Alcohols: Preparation ofalcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones,
carboxylic acid and esters. Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation reactions.
Carbonyl compounds* (Aldehydes and ketones)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles. Reactions: Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO3, NH2-G
derivatives. Aldol Condensation, Cannizzaro’s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation, Clemensen
reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction, Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction, Analysis of aldehydes and
ketones: haloform test, 2,4-DNP test, Tollens and Fehling test.
UNIT - V 08 Hours
Carboxylic acids*(aliphatic and aromatic)
Preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids.
Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids
and their interconversion.
Acidity of carboxylic acids, effect of substituents on acidity, inductive effect and qualitative
tests for carboxylic acids, amide and ester
Aliphatic amines* -
Preparation: from alkyl halides, Gabriel’s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann Bromamide reaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Quaternary ammonium salts, Carbylamine test.
Basicity, effect of substituent on Basicity. Qualitative tests.

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I
3. Algarsamy V., Pharmaceutical organic Chemistry, Pharma Med Press
4. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl&ArunBahl.
5. Organic Chemistry by P.L. Soni
6. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders.
7. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
8. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K. Vishnoi.
9. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
10. Pharmaceutical organic Chemistry-1, Pooja Chawla.
11. McMurry E. John, Organic Chemistry, Cengage
BS203: BIOCHEMISTRY
3 1 0 4
Scope: Biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular levels of thechemical process
associated with living cells. The scope of the subject is providing biochemical facts and the principles to
understand metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions. It is also
emphasizing on genetic organization of mammalian genome and hetero & autocatalytic functions of DNA.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of course, student shell able to

 Understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of new drugs,
therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
 Understand the metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions.
 Understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of DNA in the synthesis of
RNAs and proteins.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis – Pathway, energetics and significance Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its
significance
Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus
Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate
level phosphorylation, Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers
Lipid metabolism
â-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid)
Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin
D
Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.

Amino acid metabolism
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and
its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism,
alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline
Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine
nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions DNA replication (semi conservative model) Transcription or
RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Enzymes
Introduction, properties, nomenclature, and IUB classification of enzymes Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot,
Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples

Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric enzymes regulation
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes Coenzymes –Structure and biochemical
functions

1. Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger
2. Algarsamy V. Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Pharma Med Press.
3. Harper’s Biochemistry by Robert K. Murry, Daryl K. Granner and Victor W. Rodwell.
4. Biochemistry by Stryer.
5. Biochemistry by D. Satyanarayan and U. Chakrapani
6. Textbook of Biochemistry by Rama Rao.
7. Textbook of Biochemistry by Deb.
8. Outlines of Biochemistry by Conn and Stumpf
9. Introduction of Practical Biochemistry by David T. Plummer. (3rd Edition)
BS204: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

3 1 0 4
Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and reactions of the body to such disease
producing causes. This course is designed to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of pathology
of various conditions with reference to its pharmacological applications, and understanding of basic
pathophysiological mechanisms. Hence it will not only help to study the syllabus of pathology, but also to get
baseline knowledge required to practice medicine safely, confidently, rationally and effectively.
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to–
 Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of the selected disease states;
 Name the signs and symptoms of the diseases; and
 Mention the complications of the diseases.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis, Components and Types of Feedback systems, causes of cellular injury,
Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage),
Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia), Cell
swelling, Intra cellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis &Alkalosis,
Electrolyte imbalance
Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation, Different types of Inflammation, Mechanism of Inflammation –
Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of
WBC’s, Mediators of inflammation, Basic principles of wound healing in the skin, Pathophysiology of
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular System:
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis,
and arteriosclerosis)
Respiratory system: Asthma, Chronic obstructive airways diseases.
Renal system: Acute and chronic renal failure
UNIT - III 10 Hours

Haematological Diseases:
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid), sickle cell anemia, thalasemia, hereditary
acquired anemia, hemophilia
Endocrine system: Diabetes, thyroid diseases, disorders of sex hormones
Nervous system: Epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and
Alzheimer’s disease.
Gastrointestinal system: Peptic Ulcer
UNIT – IV 8 Hours
Inflammatory bowel diseases, jaundice, hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) alcoholic liver disease.
Disease of bones and joints: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and gout
Principles of cancer: classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
UNIT – V 7 Hours
Infectious diseases: Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary tract infections, SARS virus
including COVID 19, Conjunctivitis, Measles
Sexually transmitted diseases: AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea

1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster; Robbins &Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease; South Asia
edition; India; Elsevier; 2014.
2. Harsh Mohan; Text book of Pathology; 6th edition; India; Jaypee Publications; 2010.
3. Laurence B, Bruce C, Bjorn K.; Goodman Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis ofTherapeutics; 12th
edition; New York; McGraw-Hill; 2011.
4. Sujesh M., Pathophysiology for Pharmacy - A Concise Review, Pharma Med Press
5. Best, Charles Herbert 1899-1978; Taylor, Norman Burke 1885-1972; West, John B (John Burnard);
Best and Taylor’s Physiological basis of medical practice; 12th ed; united states;
6. William and Wilkins, Baltimore;1991 [1990 printing].
7. Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston; Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine;
21st edition; London; ELBS/Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
8. Guyton A, John. E Hall; Textbook of Medical Physiology; 12th edition; WB Saunders Company; 2010.
9. Joseph DiPiro,Robert L. Talbert,Gary Yee,Barbara Wells,L. Michael Posey;Pharmacotherapy: A
Pathophysiological Approach; 9th edition; London; McGraw-Hill Medical; 2014.
10. V. Kumar, R. S. Cotran and S. L. Robbins; Basic Pathology; 6th edition; Philadelphia; WB Saunders
Company; 1997.
11. Roger Walker, Clive Edwards; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; 3rd edition; London; Churchill
Livingstone publication; 2003.
CS205: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY

3 0 0 3
Scope: This subject deals with the introduction Database, Database Management system, computer
application in clinical studies and use of databases.
 know the various types of application of computers in pharmacy
 know the various types of databases
 know the various applications of databases in pharmacy
UNIT – I 06 hours
Number system: Binary number system, Decimal number system, Octalnumber system, Hexadecimal
number systems, conversion decimal to binary, binary to decimal, octal to binary etc, binary addition, binary
subtraction – One’s complement, Two’s complement method, binary multiplication, binary division
Concept of Information Systems and Software: Information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis,
data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the
project
UNIT –II 06 Hours

Web technologies: Introduction to HTML, XML, CSS andProgramming languages, introduction to web servers
and Server Products
Introduction to databases, MYSQL, MS ACCESS, Pharmacy Drug database

Application of computers in Pharmacy –Drug information storage andretrieval, Pharmacokinetics,
Mathematical model in Drug design, Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, Electronic Prescribing and discharge
(EP) systems, barcode medicine identification and automated dispensing of drugs, mobile technology, and
adherence monitoring
Diagnostic System, Lab-diagnostic System, Patient Monitoring System, Pharma Information System
Bioinformatics: Introduction, Objective of Bioinformatics, BioinformaticsDatabases, Concept of
Bioinformatics, Impact of Bioinformatics in Vaccine Discovery
UNIT-V 06 hours
Computers as data analysis in Preclinical development: Chromatographic dada analysis (CDS),
Laboratory Information management System (LIMS) and Text Information Management System (TIMS)
TEXT BOOKS: (Latest edition):

1. Computer Application in Pharmacy – William E. Fassett –Lea and Febiger, 600 South Washington
Square, USA, (215) 922-1330.
2. Computer Application in Pharmaceutical Research and Development –Sean Ekins – Wiley-
Interscience, A John Willey and Sons, INC., Publication, USA
3. Bioinformatics (Concept, Skills and Applications) – S.C. Rastogi-CBS Publishers and Distributors,
4596/1- A, 11 Darya Gani, New Delhi – 110 002(INDIA)
4. Microsoft office Access - 2003, Application Development Using VBA, SQL Server, DAP and Infopath
– Cary N. Prague – Wiley Dreamtech India (P) Ltd., 4435/7, Ansari Road, Daryagani, New Delhi –
110002
5. Mohiddin S. D. Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Med Press.
PS206: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY –II LAB

0 0 4 2
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the
verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue, intact
animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the subject.
1. Introduction to hemocytometry.
2. Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count
3. Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
4. Determination of bleeding time
5. Determination of clotting time
6. Estimation of hemoglobin content
7. Determination of blood group.
8. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
9. Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
10. Recording of blood pressure.
11. Determination of tidal volume and vital capacity.
12. Study of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular systems, urinary and reproductive systems with the help
of models, charts and specimens.
13. Recording of basal mass index .
14. Study of family planning devices and pregnancy diagnosis test.
15. Demonstration of total blood count by cell analyser
16. Permanent slides of vital organs and gonads.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypeebrothers medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee brother’s
medical publishers, New Delhi.
PS207: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -I LAB

0 0 4 2
a) Systematic qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds like
1. Preliminary test: Color, odour, aliphatic/aromatic compounds, saturationand unsaturation, etc.
2. Detection of elements like Nitrogen, Sulphur and Halogen byLassaigne’s test
3. Solubility test
4. Functional group test like Phenols, Amides/ Urea, Carbohydrates, Amines, Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes
and Ketones, Alcohols, Esters, Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds and Anilides.
5. Melting point/Boiling point of organic compounds
6. Identification of the unknown compound from the literature using melting point/ boiling point.
7. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown compound bymelting point/ boiling point.
8. Minimum 5 unknown organic compounds to be analysed systematically.
b) Preparation of suitable solid derivatives from organic compounds

c) Construction of molecular models
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest Editions)

1. Practical Organic Chemistry byMann and Saunders.
BS208: BIOCHEMISTRY LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose and starch)
2. Identification tests for Proteins (albumin and Casein)
3. Quantitative analysis of reducing sugars (DNSA method) and Proteins (Biuret method)
4. Qualitative analysis of urine for abnormal constituents
5. Determination of blood creatinine
6. Determination of blood sugar
7. Determination of serum total cholesterol
8. Preparation of buffer solution and measurement of pH
9. Study of enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
10. Determination of Salivary amylase activity
11. Study the effect of Temperature on Salivary amylase activity.
12. Study the effect of substrate concentration on salivary amylase activity.

1) Biochemistry: A Practical Manual, Bose Sharad Chandra
2) Practical Biochemistry by R.C. Gupta and S. Bhargavan.
3) Practical Biochemistry for Medical students by Rajagopal and Ramakrishna.
4) Practical Biochemistry by Harold Varley.
CS209: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN PHARMACY LAB

0 0 2 1
1. Design a questionnaire using a word processing package to gather information about a particular
disease.
2. Create a HTML web page to show personal information.
3 Retrieve the information of a drug and its adverse effects using online tools
4 Creating mailing labels Using Label Wizard, generating label in MS WORD
5 Create a database in MS Access to store the patient information with the required fields Using access
6. Design a form in MS Access to view, add, delete and modify the patient record in the database
7. Generating report and printing the report from patient database
8. Creating invoice table using – MS Access
9. Drug information storage and retrieval using MS Access
10. Creating and working with queries in MS Access
11. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to web pages
12. Exporting Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports to XML pages
PS301: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – II
B. Pharm. II Year I Sem L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of someorganic
compounds. Reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here. The syllabus emphasizes on mechanisms
and orientation of reactions. Chemistry of fats and oils are also included in the syllabus.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
 write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
 write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
 account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
 prepare organic compounds
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Benzene and its derivatives
A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance
in benzene, aromaticcharacters, Huckel’s rule
B. Preparations of benzene, Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation reactivity,
Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation.
C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation ofmono substituted benzene compounds
towards electrophilicsubstitution reaction
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Phenols* - preparation and reactions, Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitativetests.
Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium
salts
Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.

Nitro Compounds: Preparations and reactions, Classification, Reactivity: Halogenation using nitrous acid,
Nef reaction, Michael Addition, Henry Reaction, Aromatic Nitro hydrocarbons, Preparation of Nitrobenzene
from diazonium salt and direct nitration, Reactivity and reduction of nitrobenzene in different media.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Introduction, synthesis and reactions of ethers
Polynuclear hydrocarbons:
a) Synthesis, reactions
b) Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane,
Triphenylmethane and their derivatives
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Cyclo alkanes: Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s
modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane

2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Pharmaceutical organic Chemistry by V Algarsamy, Pharmamed Press
5. Organic Chemistry by P.L. Soni
7. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
1. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman and Kriz.
PS302: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS - I

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties andprinciple
involved in dosage forms, formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to
get a better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and stability studies of
pharmaceuticals.
Course Outcomes: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to:
 Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage form.
 Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for formulation.
 Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
 Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and development.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
States of Matter and properties of matter: State of matter, changes in the state of matter, latent heats,
vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols– inhalers, relative humidity, liquid
complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid-crystalline, amorphous & polymorphism.
Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric constant, dipole
moment, dissociation constant, determinations and applications
Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility
parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs,
Dissolution & drug release, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids, solubility of
liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions, azeotropic mixtures, fractional
distillation. Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature (CST) and applications. Distribution law, its
limitations and applications
UNIT - III 10 Hours

Micromeretics: Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weightdistribution, particle
number, methods for determining particle size by (different methods), counting and separation method, particle
shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of
powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties.
Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation, Applications, methods of
analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes and
thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination ectrometric and calorimetric),
applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems,
buffered isotonic solutions. Isotonicity, Colligative properties and determination of tonicity of a system.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

1. Physical pharmacy by Alfred Martin
2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott.
3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea &Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume 1-3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel
Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C and ManavalanR.
8. Manavalan et. Al, Physical Pharmaceutics, Pharma Med Press
BS303: PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: In the broadest sense, scope of microbiology is the study of all organisms that are invisible
to the naked eye- that is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are necessary for the production of
bread, cheese, beer, antibiotics, vaccines, vitamins, enzymes etc. Microbiology has an impact on medicine,
agriculture, food science, ecology, genetics, biochemistry, immunology etc.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;
 Understand methods of identification, cultivation and preservation of various microorganisms
 Importance of sterilization in microbiology. and pharmaceutical industry
 Learn sterility testing of pharmaceutical products.
 Microbiological standardization of Pharmaceuticals.
 Understand the cell culture technology and its applications in pharmaceutical industries.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and its importance. Introduction to Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes. Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw
materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve, isolation and preservation
methods for pure cultures, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total &
viable count). Study of different types of phase constrast microscopy, dark field microscopy and electron
microscopy.
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple, Gram’s & Acid fast staining) and biochemical tests
(IMViC). Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and applications of Physical, chemical and mechanical
method of sterilization. Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods. Equipments employed in large
scale sterilization. Sterility indicators.

Study of morphology, classification, reproduction/replication and cultivation of Fungi and Virus. Classification
and mode of action of disinfectants. Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their evaluation. For
bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions. Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic. Sterility testing of products
(solids, liquids, ophthalmic and other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP.
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of different sources of contamination in an aseptic
area and methods of prevention, clean area classification. Principles and methods of different microbiological
assay. Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids. Assessment of a new antibiotic
and testing of antimicrobial activity of a new substance. General aspects-environmental cleanliness.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Types of spoilage, factors affecting the microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products, sources and types of
microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
Preservation of pharmaceutical products using antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of
formulations. Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for cell culture, Primary, established and
transformed cell cultures. Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
RECOMMENDED BOOKS (Latest edition)

1. Rafi MD, Text book of biochemistry for undergraduates, 3rd edition, Universities press, 2017.
2. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell Scientific publications, Oxford
London.
3. Prescott and Dunn, Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.
4. Pelczar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill edn.
5. Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.

6. Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
7. Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed. Japan
8. Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher and Distribution.
9. Peppler: Microbial Technology.
10. I.P., B.P., U.S.P.- latest editions.
11. Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
12. N.K.Jain: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
13. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A Waverly company
14. Ananthanarayan and Paniker’s textbook of Microbiology tenth edition
15. Ravi Kumar, Pharmaceutical Microbiology: A Comprehensive Approach, 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
PC304: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and scienceof
various unit operations used in pharmaceutical industry.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course student shall be able:

 To know various unit operations used in Pharmaceutical industries.
 To understand the material handling techniques.
 To perform various processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing process.
 To carry out various test to prevent environmental pollution.
 To appreciate and comprehend significance of plant lay out design for optimum use of resources.
 To appreciate the various preventive methods used for corrosion control in Pharmaceutical industries.
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and its
applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size reduction,
principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge
runner mill & end runner mill.
Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation, official standards of powders,
sieves, size separation Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone
separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank.
Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference betweensolid and liquid mixing,
mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses,
Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary
mixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier,
Crystallization: Objectives, applications, & theory of crystallization. Solubilitycurves, principles, construction,
working, uses, merits and demerits of Agitated batch crystallizer, Swenson Walker Crystallizer, Krystal
crystallizer, Vacuum crystallizer. Caking of crystals, factors affecting caking & prevention of caking.

Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing evaporation, differences between evaporation
and other heat process. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Steam jacketed kettle,
horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple effect evaporator&
Economy of multiple effect evaporator.
Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. Fourier’slaw, Heat transfer by
conduction, convection & radiation. Heat interchangers & heat exchangers. List of equipment by name and
their functions.
Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process, measurements& applications of Equilibrium
Moisture content, rate of drying curve. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Tray
dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer, freeze dryer.
Distillation: Objectives, applications & types of distillation. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and
demerits of (lab scale and industrial scale) Simple distillation, preparation of purified water and water for
injection BP by distillation, flash distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam
distillation & molecular distillation
UNIT - V 07 Hours
Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration, filter aids, filter medias. Principle,
Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, Meta filter
& Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seitz filter. HEPA filters for controlled pollution.
Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation, principles, construction, working, uses,
merits and demerits of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous
centrifuge & super centrifuge.

1. Introduction to chemical engineering – Walter L Badger & Julius Banchero, Latest edition.
2. Solid phase extraction, Principles, techniques and applications by Nigel J.K. Simpson-Latest edition.
3. Unit operation of chemical engineering – Mcabe Smith, Latest edition.
4. Pharmaceutical Engineering DK Tripathi, Pharma Med Press
5. Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices – C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
6. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
7. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann., Latest edition.
8. Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
9. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy, S.J. Carter, Latest edition.
10. Derle, Essentials of Pharmaceutical Engineering (Unit Operations), 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
PS305: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - II LAB

0 0 4 2
I Experiments involving laboratory techniques
Recrystallization
Steam Distillation
II Determination of following oil values (including standardization of reagents)

Acid value
Saponification value
Iodine value
III Preparation of compounds

 Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/ Phenol /Aniline by acylation reaction.
 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/ Acetanilide by halogenation
(Bromination) reaction.
 5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid / Nitro benzene by nitration reaction.
 Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.
 Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction.
 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions.
 Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.
 Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction
 Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction
 P-Iodo benzoic acid from P-amino benzoic acid

2. Durai Ananda Kumar T., Experimental Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Principles & Practice,
Pharma Med Press.
3. A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques, Pavia, Lampman, Cengage BSP Books.
PS306: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS – I LAB

0 0 4 2
List of Experiments
1. Determination the solubility of drug at room temperature at different pH conditions
2. Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hassel Balch equation
3. Determination of Partition coefficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water
4. Determination of Partition coefficient of Iodine in CCl4 and water
5. Determination of % composition of NaCl in a solution using phenol-water system by CST method
6. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using sieving method
7. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using Microscopic method
8. Determination of bulk density, true density and porosity
9. Determine the angle of repose and influence of lubricant on angle of repose
10. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of PABA-Caffeine complex by solubility
method
11. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio of Cupric-Glycine complex by pH titration
method

2. Pharmaceutical Calculation, D K Tripathi.
3. Laboratory manual of physical pharmaceutics, C.V.S. Subramanyam, J. Thimma settee
4. Mohanta Guru Prasad. Physical Pharmacy Practical text, 3rd Revised Ed., Pharma Med Press
BS307: PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D. incubator, laminar flow,
aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer, refrigerator, microscopes used in experimental
microbiology.
2. Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.
3. Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.
4. Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining (Demonstration with practical).
5. Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique and other techniques.
6. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method and other methods
7. Motility determination by Hanging drop method.
8. Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
9. Bacteriological analysis of water
10. Biochemical test (IMViC reactions)
11. Revision Practical Class

1. Jyostna, Manual of Practical Microbiology, Pharma Med Press
2. Pharmaceutical Microbiology: A Laboratory manual by Prasad G.Shyam & K.Srisailam,
PC308: PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted and painted glass.
2. Steam distillation – To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.
3. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by heat exchanger.
4. Construction of drying curves (for calcium carbonate and starch).
5. Determination of moisture content and loss on drying.
6. Determination of humidity of air – i) from wet and dry bulb temperatures –use of Dew point method.
7. Description of Construction working and application of Pharmaceutical Machinery such as rotary tablet
machine, fluidized bed coater, fluid energy mill, de humidifier.
8. Size analysis by sieving – To evaluate size distribution of tablet granulations – Construction of
various size frequency curves including arithmetic and logarithmic probability plots.
9. Size reduction: To verify the laws of size reduction using ball mill and determining Kicks, Rittinger’s,
Bond’s coefficients, power requirement and critical speed of Ball Mill.
10. Demonstration of colloid mill, planetary mixer, fluidized bed dryer, freeze dryer and such other major
equipment.
11. Factors affecting Rate of Filtration and Evaporation (Surface area, Concentration and Thickness/
viscosity
12. To study the effect of time on the Rate of Crystallization.
13. To calculate the uniformity Index for given sample by using Double Cone Blender.
1. Pharmaceutical Engineering : Practical Manual (Unit Operations), Sudhakara

Reddy,Pharmamed Press.
2. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
PS401: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – III

B. Pharm. II Year II Sem L T P C
3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This subject imparts knowledge on stereo-chemical aspects of organic compoundsand
organic reactions, important named reactions, chemistry of important hetero cyclic compounds. It also
emphasizes on medicinal and other uses of organic compounds.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the student shall be able to:
 Understand the methods of preparation and properties of organic compounds
 Explain the stereo chemical aspects of organic compounds and stereo chemical reactions
 Know the medicinal uses and other applications of organic compounds
Note: To emphasize on definition, types, mechanisms, examples, uses/applications
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Stereo isomerism
Optical isomerism – Optical activity, enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, meso compounds
Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral molecules, DL system of nomenclature of optical isomers, sequence
rules, RS system of nomenclature of optical isomers, Reactions of chiral molecules. Racemic modification and
resolution of racemic mixture Asymmetric synthesis: partial and absolute
Geometrical isomerism
Nomenclature of geometrical isomers (Cis Trans, EZ, Syn Anti systems) Methods of determination of
configuration of geometrical isomers.
Conformational isomerism in Ethane, n-Butane and Cyclohexane. Stereo isomerism in biphenyl compounds
(Atropisomerism) and conditions for optical activity.
Stereospecific and stereoselective reactions

Heterocyclic compounds with one hetero atom
Nomenclature and classification
Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of compounds/derivatives: Pyrrole, Furan, and Thiophene
Relative aromaticity and reactivity of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene
UNIT – IV 8 Hours
Heterocyclic compounds with two hetero atoms
Synthesis, reactions and medicinal uses of following compounds/derivatives
Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole and Thiazole.
Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Acridine and Indole. Basicity of pyridine
Synthesis and medicinal uses of Pyrimidine, Purine, azepines and their derivatives
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Reactions of synthetic importance
Metal hydride reduction (NaBH4 and LiAlH4), Clemmensen reduction, Birch reduction, Wolff Kishner
reduction. Oppenauer-oxidation and Dakin reaction. Beckmanns rearrangement and Schmidt
rearrangement, Pinocol-Pinocolone rearrangement Claisen-Schmidt condensation

1. Organic chemistry by I.L. Finar, Volume-I & II.
2. A text book of organic chemistry – Arun Bahl, B.S. Bahl.
3. Heterocyclic Chemistry by Raj K. Bansal
5. Heterocyclic Chemistry by T.L. Gilchrist
6. Rama Rao Nadendla, Principles of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Pharma Med Press
PS402: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS - II

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The course deals with the various physical, physicochemical properties andprinciple
involved in dosage forms, formulations. Theory and practical components of the subject help the student to
get a better insight in to various areas of formulation research and development and stability studies of
pharmaceuticals.
Course Outcomes: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to
 Understand various physicochemical properties of drug molecules in the designing the dosage form
 Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them in assigning expiry date for Formulation
 Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in evaluation of dosage forms.
 Appreciate physicochemical properties of drug molecules in formulation research and Development
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Drug stability: Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basicrate constants,
determination of reaction order. Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of
pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base
catalysis, Simple numerical problems. Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like
hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Photolytic degradation and its prevention
UNIT - II 10 Hours
Rheology: Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian
systems, pseudoplastic, dilatants, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity,
capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers
Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain, Elastic Modulus

Coarse dispersion: Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling insuspensions,
formulation of suspensions. Emulsions and theories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions;
Physical stability of emulsions, preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions, phase equilibria
and emulsion formulation.
UNIT - IV 08 Hours
Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions,
surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid
interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at solid interface.
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Colloidal dispersions: Classification of dispersed systems & their generalcharacteristics, size & shapes of
colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic
& electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action.

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume 1-3, Marcel Dekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel
Dekkar Inc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
8. Vidyadhara et al. Physical Pharmaceutics – II, Pharma Med Press
PC403: PHARMACOLOGY - I
3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: The main purpose of the subject is to understand what drugs do to the livingorganisms
and how their effects can be applied to therapeutics. The subject covers the information about the drugs like,
mechanism of action, physiological and biochemical effects (pharmacodynamics) as well as absorption,
distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetics) along with the adverse effects, clinical uses,
interactions, doses, contraindications and routes of administration of different classes of drugs.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to
 Understand the pharmacological actions of different categories of drugs
 Explain the mechanism of drug action at organ system/sub cellular/ macromolecular levels.
 Apply the basic pharmacological knowledge in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
 Observe the effect of drugs on animals by simulated experiments
 Appreciate correlation of pharmacology with other bio medical sciences
UNIT – I 08 hours
1. General Pharmacology
a) Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of pharmacology, nature and
source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of drug administration.
b) Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories and classification
of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions signal transduction mechanisms, G-
protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor, transmembrane enzyme linked receptors,
transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose
response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects of drugs and factors modifying drug action.
c) Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.
Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination
Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Interactions
a. Agonists, antagonists (competitive and noncompetitive), spare receptors, addiction, tolerance,
dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, allergy.
b. Adverse drug reactions.
c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)
d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical evaluation
phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and pharmacovigilance.

2. Pharmacology of peripheral nervous system
a. Organization and function of ANS.
b. Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
e. Local anesthetic agents.
f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma
3. Pharmacology of central nervous system - I
a. Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. special emphasis on importance of various
neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, dopamine.
b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
c. Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
d. Anti-epileptics
e. Alcohols and disulfiram
UNIT – V 7 Hours
Pharmacology of central nervous system - II
a. Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, anti-manics and
hallucinogens.
b. Drugs used in Parkinsons disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
c. CNS stimulants and nootropics.
d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence.

1. Rang H. P., Dale M. M., Ritter J. M., Flower R. J., Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology, Churchil Livingstone
Elsevier
2. A Pharmacology Primer: Theory Applications and Methods,3 edition, Terry P. Kenakin, Elsevier
3. Katzung B. G., Masters S. B., Trevor A. J., Basic and clinical pharmacology, Tata Mc Graw-Hill
4. Goodman and Gilman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
5. Basic Knowledge of Pharmacology BY Roland Seifert, Springer
6. Marry Anne K. K., Lloyd Yee Y., Brian K. A., Robbin L.C., Joseph G. B., Wayne A. K., Bradley R.W.,
Applied Therapeutics, The Clinical use of Drugs, The Point Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
7. Mycek M.J, Gelnet S.B and Perper M.M. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews-Pharmacology
6. K.D. Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, JAYPEE Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New
Delhi.
7. Sharma H. L., Sharma K. K., Principles of Pharmacology, Paras medical publisher
8. Modern Pharmacology with clinical Applications, by Charles R. Craig& Robert,
9. Ghosh MN. Fundamentals of Experimental Pharmacology. Hilton & Company, Kolkata.
10. Kulkarni SK. Handbook of experimental pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan
11. Ravishankar. K & Kiranmayi G.V.N, Pharmacology: A Comprehensive Approach, Pharma Med Press
PC404: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY - I

3 1 0 4
Course Objective: The subject involves the fundamentals of Pharmacognosy like scope, classification
ofcrude drugs, their identification and evaluation, phytochemicals present in them and their medicinal
properties.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able
 to know the techniques in the cultivation and production of crude drugs
 to know the crude drugs, their uses and chemical nature
 know the evaluation techniques for the herbal drugs
 to carry out the microscopic and morphological evaluation of crude drugs
UNIT - I 10 Hours
Introduction to Pharmacognosy: Definition, history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy
(a) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
(b) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages,
oleoresins and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo
classification of drugs
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and storage of drugs of natural origin:
Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant
hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants.
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin: Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic,
microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leafconstants, camera lucida and
diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.

Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following drugs
Plant Products: Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens
Primary metabolites:
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation,
storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following
Primary metabolites: Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey
Proteins and Enzymes: Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain, serratiopeptidase,
urokinase, streptokinase, pepsin).
Lipids (Waxes, fats, fixed oils): Castor oil,
Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax
Marine Drugs:
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources
UNIT - IV 10 Hours
Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha,
Homeopathy and naturopathy.
Introduction to secondary metabolites:
Definition, classification, properties and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins,
Volatile oil and Resins
UNIT - V
Plant tissue culture: Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, Nutritional requirements,
growth and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines

1. W.C. Evans, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 16th edition, W.B. Sounders & Co., London, 2009.
2. Tyler, V.E., Brady, L.R. and Robbers, J.E., Pharmacognosy, 9th Edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia,
1988.
3. Text Book of Pharmacognosy by T.E. Wallis
4. Mohammad Ali. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New Delhi.
5. Text book of Pharmacognosy by C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae (2007), 37th Edition, Nirali Prakashan,
New Delhi.
6. Herbal drug industry by R.D. Choudhary (1996), Ist Edn, Eastern Publisher, New Delhi.
7. Essentials of Pharmacognosy, Dr.SH.Ansari, IInd edition, Birla publications, New Delhi, 2007
8. Anatomy of Crude Drugs by M.A. Iyengar
9. SL Deore, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry – I, Pharma Med Press
PS405: PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
B.Pharm. II Year II Sem. L T P C

3 1 0 4
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart basic knowledge on several important legislations
related to the profession of pharmacy in India.
Course Outcomes: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to understand:
• The Pharmaceutical legislations and their implications in the development and marketing
• Various Indian pharmaceutical Acts and Laws
• The regulatory authorities and agencies governing the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals
• The code of ethics during the pharmaceutical practice
UNIT – I 10 Hours
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945:
Objectives, Definitions, Legal definitions of schedules to the act and rules
Import of drugs – Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited from import, Import under license or permit.
Offences and penalties.
Manufacture of drugs – Prohibition of manufacture and sale of certain drugs,
Conditions for grant of license and conditions of license for manufacture of drugs, Manufacture of drugs for
test, examination and analysis, manufacture of new drug, loan license and repacking license.
Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and its rules 1945.
Detailed study of Schedule G, H, M, N, P,T,U, V, X, Y, Part XII B, Sch F & DMR (OA)
Sale of Drugs - Wholesale, Retail sale and Restricted license. Offences and penalties
Labeling & Packing of drugs - General labeling requirements and specimen labels for drugs and cosmetics,
List of permitted colors. Offences and penalties.
Administration of the act and rules - Drugs Technical Advisory Board, Central drugs Laboratory, Drugs
Consultative Committee, Government drug analysts, Licensing authorities, controlling authorities, Drugs
Inspectors

Pharmacy Act - 1948: Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its constitution and functions,
Education Regulations, State and Joint state pharmacy councils; its constitution and functions, Registration of
Pharmacists, Offences and
Penalties
Medicinal and Toilet Preparation Act -1955: Objectives, Definitions, Licensing, Manufacture In bond and
Outside bond, Export of alcoholic preparations, Manufacture of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Patent & Proprietary
Preparations. Offences and Penalties.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances Act-1985 and Rules: Objectives, Definitions, Authorities and
Officers, Constitution and Functions of narcotic & Psychotropic Consultative Committee, National Fund for
Controlling the Drug Abuse, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, opium poppy cultivation and production of
poppy straw, manufacture, sale and export of opium, Offences and Penalties
Study of Salient Features of Drugs and magic remedies Act and its rules: Objectives, Definitions,
Prohibition of certain advertisements, Classes of Exempted advertisements, Offences and Penalties
Prevention of Cruelty to animals Act-1960: Objectives, Definitions, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee,
Breeding and Stocking of Animals, Performance of Experiments, Transfer and acquisition of animals for
experiment, Records, Power to suspend or revoke registration, Offences and Penalties
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority: Drugs Price Control Order (DPCO)-2013. Objectives,
Definitions, Sale prices of bulk drugs, Retail price of formulations, Retail price and ceiling price of scheduled
formulations, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM)
UNIT – V 07 Hours
Pharmaceutical Legislations – A brief review, Introduction, Study of drugs enquiry committee, Health survey
and development committee, Hathi committee and Mudaliar committee
Code of Pharmaceutical ethics - Definition, Pharmacist in relation to his job, trade, medical profession and
his profession, Pharmacist’s oath
Medical Termination of pregnancy act
Right to information Act
Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
RECOMMENDED BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

1. Forensic Pharmacy by B. Suresh
2. Text book of Forensic Pharmacy by B.M. Mithal
3. Hand book of drug law-by M. L. Mehra
4. A text book of Forensic Pharmacy by N.K. Jain
5. Drugs and Cosmetics Act/Rules by Govt. of India publications.
6. Medicinal and Toilet preparations act 1955 by Govt. of India publications.
7. Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances act by Govt. of India publications
8. Drugs and Magic Remedies act by Govt. of India publication
9. Bare Acts of the said laws published by Government. Reference books (Theory)
10. Kokate C. K. Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy, 2nd Ed. Pharma Med Press
PC406: PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS – II LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and drop weight method
2. Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method
3. Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated char coal
4. Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants
5. Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer
6. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent
7. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single suspending agent
8. Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer
9. Determination of reaction rate constant first order.
10. Determination of reaction rate constant second order
11. Accelerated stability studies
12. Preparation and evaluation of Colloids

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition
4. Physical Pharmacy Practical text, 3rd Revised Ed.by Mohanta Guru Prasad
5. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.
PS407: PHARMACOLOGY – I LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology.
2. Commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology.
3. Study of common laboratory animals.
4. Maintenance of laboratory animals as per CPCSEA guidelines.
5. Common laboratory techniques. Blood withdrawal, serum and plasma separation, anesthetics and
euthanasia used for animal studies.
6. Study of different routes of drugs administration in mice/rats.
7. Study of effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the phenobarbitone sleeping time in mice.
8. Effect of drugs on ciliary motility of frog oesophagus
9. Effect of drugs on rabbit eye.
10. Effects of skeletal muscle relaxants using rota-rod apparatus.
11. Effect of drugs on locomotor activity using actophotometer.
12. Anticonvulsant effect of drugs by MES and PTZ method.
13. Study of stereotype and anti-catatonic activity of drugs on rats/mice.
14. Study of anxiolytic activity of drugs using rats/mice.
15. Study of local anesthetics by different methods
Note: All laboratory techniques and animal experiments are demonstrated by simulated experiments by
softwares and videos

1) Essentials of Experimental Pharmacology, General Concepts by Bothra Sunil
PC408: PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY – I LAB

0 0 4 2
1. Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i)Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii)Agar (iv) Gelatin (v) starch
(vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil
2. Determination of stomatal number and index
3. Determination of vein islet number, vein islet termination and paliside ratio.
4. Determination of size of starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals by eye piece micrometer
5. Determination of length and width of Phloem fibres of Cinchona & Cinnamon.
6. Determination of number of starch grains by Lycopodium spore method
7. Determination of Ash value
8. Determination of Extractive values of crude drugs
9. Determination of moisture content of crude drugs
10. Determination of swelling index and foaming
11. Determination of acid value, ester value, Saponification value and iodine lab of fixed oils mentioned
in theory.

1. Practical Pharmacognosy: C.K. Kokate, Purohit, Gokhlae
2. Practical Pharmacognosy, T. E. Wallis, Pharmamed Press
3. Anatomy of Crude Drugs by M.A. Iyengar
MC400: GENDER SENSITIZATION LAB

1 0 0 0
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course offers an introduction to Gender Studies, an interdisciplinary field that asks critical questions about
the meanings of sex and gender in society. The primary goal of this course is to familiarize students with key
issues, questions and debates in Gender Studies, both historical and contemporary. It draws on multiple
disciplines – such as literature, history, economics, psychology, sociology, philosophy, political science,
anthropology and media studies – to examine cultural assumptions about sex, gender, and sexuality.
This course integrates analysis of current events through student presentations, aiming to increase awareness
of contemporary and historical experiences of women, and of the multiple ways that sex and gender interact
with race, class, caste, nationality and other social identities. This course also seeks to build an understanding
and initiate and strengthen programmes combating gender-based violence and discrimination. The course
also features several exercises and reflective activities designed to examine the concepts of gender, gender-
based violence, sexuality, and rights. It will further explore the impact of gender-based violence on education,
health and development.
Objectives of the Course

 To develop students’ sensibility with regard to issues of gender in contemporary India.
 To provide a critical perspective on the socialization of men and women.
 To introduce students to information about some key biological aspects of genders.
 To expose the students to debates on the politics and economics of work.
 To help students reflect critically on gender violence.
 To expose students to more egalitarian interactions between men and women.
Learning Outcomes
 Students will have developed a better understanding of important issues related to gender in contemporary
India.
 Students will be sensitized to basic dimensions of the biological, sociological, psychological and legal
aspects of gender. This will be achieved through discussion of materials derived from research, facts,
everyday life, literature and film.
 Students will attain a finer grasp of how gender discrimination works in our society and how to counter it.
 Students will acquire insight into the gendered division of labor and its relation to politics and economics.
 Men and women students and professionals will be better equipped to work and live together as equals.
 Students will develop a sense of appreciation of women in all walks of life.
 Through providing accounts of studies and movements as well as the new laws that provide protection
and relief to women, the textbook will empower students to understand and respond to gender violence.
Unit-I: UNDERSTANDING GENDER

Introduction: Definition of Gender-Basic Gender Concepts and Terminology-Exploring Attitudes towards
Gender-Construction of Gender-Socialization: Making Women, Making Men
- Preparing for Womanhood. Growing up Male. First lessons in Caste.
Unit – II: GENDER ROLES AND RELATIONS

Two or Many? -Struggles with Discrimination-Gender Roles and Relations-Types of Gender Roles-Gender
Roles and Relationships Matrix-Missing Women-Sex Selection and Its Consequences- Declining Sex Ratio.
Demographic Consequences-Gender Spectrum: Beyond the Binary
Unit – III: GENDER AND LABOUR

Division and Valuation of Labour-Housework: The Invisible Labor- “My Mother doesn’t Work.” “Share the
Load.”-Work: Its Politics and Economics -Fact and Fiction. Unrecognized and Unaccounted work. -Gender
Development Issues-Gender, Governance and Sustainable Development-Gender and Human Rights-
Gender and Mainstreaming
Unit – IV: GENDER - BASED VIOLENCE

The Concept of Violence- Types of Gender-based Violence-Gender-based Violence from a Human Rights
Perspective-Sexual Harassment: Say No!-Sexual Harassment, not Eve-teasing- Coping with Everyday
Harassment- Further Reading: “Chupulu”.
Domestic Violence: Speaking OutIs Home a Safe Place? -When Women Unite [Film]. Rebuilding Lives.
Thinking about Sexual Violence Blaming the Victim-“I Fought for my Life….”
Unit – V: GENDER AND CULTURE

Gender and Film-Gender and Electronic Media-Gender and Advertisement-Gender and Popular Literature-
Gender Development Issues-Gender Issues-Gender Sensitive Language-Gender and Popular Literature -
Just Relationships: Being Together as Equals
Mary Kom and Onler. Love and Acid just do not Mix. Love Letters. Mothers and Fathers. Rosa Parks-The
Brave Heart.
Note: Since it is Interdisciplinary Course, Resource Persons can be drawn from the fields of English
Literature or Sociology or Political Science or any other qualified faculty who has expertise in this field
from engineering departments.
 Classes will consist of a combination of activities: dialogue-based lectures, discussions,
collaborative learning activities, group work and in-class assignments. Apart from the above
prescribed book, Teachers can make use of any authentic materials related to the topics
given in the syllabus on “Gender”.
 ESSENTIAL READING: The Textbook, “Towards a World of Equals: A Bilingual Textbook on Gender”
written by A. Suneetha, Uma Bhrugubanda, DuggiralaVasanta, Rama Melkote, Vasudha Nagaraj,
Asma Rasheed, Gogu Shyamala, Deepa Sreenivas and Susie Tharu published by Telugu Akademi,
Telangana Government in 2015.
ASSESSMENT AND GRADING:

 Discussion & Classroom Participation: 20%
 Project/Assignment: 30%
 End Term Exam: 50%

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R22 B.

Pharmacy I & II Year JNTUH

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

Effective from Academic Year 2022-23 Admitted Batch

III Year I Semester

III Year II Semester

PS706 ii. Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science

*MC - Mandatory Course - Satisfactory/ Unsatisfactory.

PS101: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - I

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 10 hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

REFERENCE BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

PS102: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

UNIT – III 10 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

2. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis by Badwaik Hemant R. published by Pharma Med Press

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 08 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

PS104: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Course Objectives: Upon completion of course, student shall be able to

UNIT – III 10 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

4. M.L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry

HS105: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 07 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Editions)

BS106: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 07 Hours

BS107: REMEDIAL MATHEMATICS

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

UNIT – III 06 Hours

TEXT BOOKS: (Latest Edition)

PS108: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY- I Lab

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

PS109: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS - I Lab

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

2. Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant

3. Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods

PS110: PHARMACEUTICS LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

3. Linctus a) Simple Linctus BPC

6. Powders and Granules

9. Gargles and Mouthwashes

PS111: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY - LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Test for purity

Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals

HS112: COMMUNICATION SKILLS - LAB

B. Pharm. I Year I Sem L T P C

Basic communication covering the following topics

Pronunciations covering the following topics

BS113: REMEDIAL BIOLOGY LAB