Lecture 1.2-Balance Design

BSR 181:
Environmental Technology 1
LECTURE 2:
BALANCE
DESIGN
Prepared by :
Noorazlina Kamarulzaman
MSc Facilities Management (UTM)
BSc (Hons) Building Surveying (UM)
Introduction
• To achieve a good quality of building with
adequate design and environment.
• Balance design is one of the aspect should be

focusing during initial stage/design stage
• Relate to sustainable design

Sustainable design
Sustainable design is a collective process
whereby the built environment achieves new
level of ecological balance through new and
retrofit construction.
To achieve the balance design we have to

look actually the needs of people or
occupant.
Basic Occupant
needs
COMFORT HEALTHY
SAFETY &
STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALITY
STABILITY
Occupants needs
A) COMFORT
i. Lighting : natural lighting and artificial

lighting system
ii. Ventilation : natural ventilation and

mechanical ventilation
iii. Thermal control : method of building

design and construction
iv. Noise control : method of building design

and environment
v. Humidity control : air conditioning system

Occupants needs (CONT…)
B) SAFETY AND STRUCTURAL STABILITY
Building should provide as a shading and have a

strength against external affect :
i) Live load and dead load ie. Building

structure, occupants, wind pressure
ii) Vibration and ground movement
iii) Rain and snow
iv) Direct sun light
v) Animals
Occupants needs (CONT…)
C) HEALTHY :
Healthy indoor and outdoor environment :

i) Cold water supply system
ii) Sanitation and sewerage system
iii) Drainage system
iv) Waste disposal system
D) FUNCTIONALITY :
i) Power supply
ii) Air-conditioning system
iii) Lift system
iv) Lighting system
v) Fire safety system
vi) Telecommunication system
BALANCE DESIGN
(balance with environment and design criteria)
DESIGN ENVIRONMENT
BALANCE DESIGN
ADAPTATION OF CLIMATE DESIGN CRITERIA
CLIMATE FACTOR BUILDING FORM & ELEMENT
LOCAL FACTOR SELECTION OF MATERIAL
PLANNING & ORIENTATION

ENVIRONMENT EFFECT /
NATURE OF CLIMATE
A) CLIMATE FACTORS
The best way to understand climate factors by having some analysis

in 2 climate situation
i) Temperature
temperature different day and night or indoor and outdoor and
duration of daytime have a great effect to the thermal movement in
building
ii) Humidity
percentage of vapor/water content in air.high percentage will
encourage fungal growth especially at the external wall. therefore
surface treatment is essential in any tropical buildings.
iii) Precipitation
rain fall will effect the form of roof and rain water piping system
including the perimeter drain. In khatulistiwa / tropika, normally the
selection on pitch roof is dominant
iv) Sky condition

cloud provide shading daytime (direct sunlight)
v) Solar radiation
Normally direct radiation come from solar(sun), and great effect to
the thermal movement at the skin of building ie. Direct radiation to
the roof, wall, or windows.
vi) Air movement

wind velocity will effect the design of roof structure and covering
the location and size of opening and also on the driving rain
ENVIRONMENT EFFECT /
NATURE OF CLIMATE (cont…)
B) LOCAL FACTORS
Climate deviation
i) Topography : slope,hilly,valleys
ii) Ground surface : natural or man made
iii) Three dimensional object : buiding,wall
Building Design Criteria
1. BUILDING FORM & ELEMENT
• Geometry form
• Spherical form
• Roof design : flat roof,pitch roof
• Wall design : load bearing wall, concrete wall,cavity wall
panelling,parapet wall,shading wall,ventilated wall
• Floor :suspended floor,solid floor
• Opening : size and type of opening,numbers,location,design
ie.canopy,sashes,sun breaker.
2. SELECTION OF MATERIAL
• Surrounding and nature of materials available
• Materials properties : thermal resistance,sound absorption
durability in climate/weather situation
3. PLANNING AND ORIENTATION
• Geographical location on map : will determine the
characteristic of the climate ie, khatulistiwa, tropika,
tundra, desert etc.
• Building orientation and sitting : north, south, east,

west will effect the sunset. In some case the
orientation on ‘qiblat’ is necessary (mosque in
particular)
• Building layout will determine the pattern of air flow

and air movement around building
• Surrounding area : streamline with the surround and

existing building ie. Bali Island

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BSR 181:

• Balance design is one of the aspect should be

• Relate to sustainable design

To achieve the balance design we have to

i. Lighting : natural lighting and artificial

ii. Ventilation : natural ventilation and

iii. Thermal control : method of building

iv. Noise control : method of building design

v. Humidity control : air conditioning system

Building should provide as a shading and have a

i) Live load and dead load ie. Building

ii) Vibration and ground movement

iii) Rain and snow

iv) Direct sun light

Healthy indoor and outdoor environment :

ADAPTATION OF CLIMATE DESIGN CRITERIA

CLIMATE FACTOR BUILDING FORM & ELEMENT

LOCAL FACTOR SELECTION OF MATERIAL

PLANNING & ORIENTATION

The best way to understand climate factors by having some analysis

iv) Sky condition

vi) Air movement

• Building orientation and sitting : north, south, east,

• Building layout will determine the pattern of air flow

• Surrounding area : streamline with the surround and

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