Module . 5 Analog and Agia Commani cation, Mecler Communication System: Scheme : The Clectread* Corom fg a process by Wh the ‘ofoluczsag e is Avanemittesl from one. point do anothey, Srom pre xen He Gnetisr gr from plooe 40 anotiax In the form vf Clecinical Sigoate Hows Bome Communication Tink. — Main Conatinents of baste Comm Systems Gre» and . \- loformivon Source oe Cp transelyce gy Q. trangmitter 2+ Channel er medium. he Noe. 5 - Receiver . es Olp transducer anol ffnal destination.\. 2 Loformatfon Source And b|p transdueer ; — — pry -brm of Yodor ig Tepresenteal by mussoze | CF! Voice ©H text — Comm S42 frangmitg the infor tp Ha form oF electrical Signa Er Signal. Tf he twformatfon produced by Source 18 not In an elechical form: Bo device ie Colles! {ranaduter ewhich Converte Toformatfon Toto Clectvecat fou. Thte Cletnical ign 18) coulles kajedond Signal x message signal st ‘information Signa) es Sree eels Ane te is alensteal” ‘4 gle) 2hF There au “jul shupes af Signals. ay avalog: Bigoal iy) digital Sanab. @) fralog ASU Analog signal Se a fwoetion of Hme, and fay a Coofouna yale ef However thse fe a definite ' Sunction of Haye vale of te Gnalog Sigoat’ ok each © point of Hime. Analog gignal ig pore Soe sve fen 241 voice Cigna. .Fond" pase Sine. ose NTA = a time Factor typical Speech signal « b) Digital Signal | — Digital signal does nok have Continous function Valuse _ 3 Aisete 79 patae Fe, i or a fime Seale + Tt ‘is blwkenr Nala & Ayacvete xime - Sar Diy oo, consecutive Value, Tw Signa Valse Pe Citar 2eve Oo different Volua. et; Sound signal Prcduceet by deumbeats . iF wn a — Decete Ar . , p of tha Si nat Ie Coded f ° tgs Shas’ o"teo Ve 3 eal foto binary -~ whereas Analog aiigna Ta continuowy fy nature , iF Convertect Toto lsttat form ,te cliscrete ‘ime, using, a procedave Callfog Sampling . Cootfnusuy cmpliture oF Ha anaes Signal ig Converted foto dfecrote amplitude tiring a process Called Guantization . ~ Sampling ane @uanization sogetiar formed a. Oraleg to digital Coavertion Cane) , the Circuft which Performs operation 48 Called! anakeg to digital Cenverstong . 2: Tranamittey + —— ~The basehancl Signal, which ts the Olp of t)p franschece, is Up to tha transmitter . This Is batebarol Signal 3Ce) ~ processing of Signal Transmissfon in form he AFferent {cor Signal tyanemigsion 19 oligitat Jory os — Coxriex Commani cation System is basecl on tha. pric pl Of translating low frequicy basebaral Signal to j higher requancy Specium - This process: is Callen - = Wodulation ._ df ho baseband Signal te a Agia! signal, Tho Corier Commanicatfon aystem ts Catlect digital Cormmanication System - Dfgftal | medalatfon Matiode aie “employee for tes = 5 The lanchane) Sfgnal 3.2 raleg Spal) he erie Communication System %¢ calles} aj an aveleg Coram Sus. . and for processing The ovals uodulation Jechniques As Weal . 4) - Frequanesy ve presenting low _ p high.Block Alagram OF _ trangmitter : | ctr) ie aim Ty “Areplifios stage - / Trangmitter, | ) Je ee de — Gxpbin aout ctiagran . ~ Radio Sigmde are transmittesl through eleebromognalie owe (em) ako veforre a8 saclfo waver in a radio Communication gystem- Radio wave have a whle ange Of freq from 2 to mH2. side sarge oF Srequancies algo wienel as ae Fepaney (08, Apectam. °° me Jd,3. Channe\ ox meckiuam : — Tho dianemigsion Medium blu the trang mibter and Receives Catlecl a Channel: —wskt, Channel 9 verq Tmportant part of a Comm Syg MoS of Yo tofses au acted to te Signal Geng Hee trang mission Ahsough Chon)! — Channel Char, @lo taken @ a an Consichtroti'en a8 a design Pioeedwues paronstey twohtle designing Tx and Ka, equipments. Depends ov phy imp, Channele class?fy info two gmp U) Hoxduare Channels! - [line Communtcatton ] These Channels cue. Manracle ‘Structure which Can be vse ay frangmigefon Medium / there ‘au 9 posstble Snplemontation o¢ the horshotiwd Channels. 1+ Trane migsioo [ne a. Woe guile s . 3. Opteal files Cabler (orc)a ? - For transmission Une axe twisted! pair cable ¢ io lardltne telephone And Co-cxfal Gables aur used for Cable tv trangmission .: ~ Transmigsion lines ‘Gre’ not Suitable for ultra hap Frequency Curt) Talon, cone are eroployee! as Medium: ~The 8ignal entere at crave guidle ¢ , are Me aiesl| ay Metallic, tuatts and propigate towards Slhar eral OF ., The twoneguicle as -In OFape, Cables ave Very thin Costar Hes Bgnols ave ted to the foun Of light. -30 general abut: a phystead link bla Tr. 2 by . 4 hardwase Channelg, Comm 8yg that Makes the We of hardware Channel fe Called line Communicat'on , ¢ ea landline Aelephoras Coble tv, sho. y i r és satAU) Softcase Chanel: - [wireless Comm) _— wang hakural’ WRovrees Gu Leal “G8 Aha tranemistion modiam ov Bignale . Such Awanentsciong As’ Calter,” Sofware Channel. ex giv, Space, Sea water, - No Prysical Com ba TX ancl Re, = TK pases tas. Signa Sn Required form je the, Sho Cronnal - Sigrots propagate Md hostune Yegource. are} Teac ‘te dastination. — Wosk osiclely vaca! Slo” Choma aur Qir A Space — Signals Me Ypeg, In te Soom of electrornag roti Cem) wase Cather} Yaclio wasies » : ~ Radiy wase Hawes Thro open Space aba Speed equal 40 ah C= 3-4 XLtoF mg” = 8, TH Bection Converts Cleatriend Signet to Em wave oF vadiekion by Laing Tang, Antenne . Tn Ree ey Sickle Anotres Receiver anrenna ig Weep Ark fanvert Yom jo Clectricat Signa. This System Ts Calkecl Ractio Comm Syevem $! YerHia butcaneL. Noise + — qo bo sid aed). tsi) » Bn, Cleddronfes . Gemr, Engg, notae. fe, definec, a2 bawanted ekeatrical Signad ov digtusbance,, Whxrch Qoes Dot Contain ony tee ful ‘ofoomas for _ 7 ~ wetee Cannot: be Clenthadeal once TE wil Me wi, OT The Sigpar, 9 Wfaxeat! with original ‘Signal’ while ~edéteing: Aha!” Signed votong info Ts Geeeived. — 80, Ww avoid “his , 33 dlesignes Can’ MaKe fa Signa Od equotely porsen full before Aranamitting soe this enable tho Signal fo withgtand the noive | .. \nfact. the designer qwast Increse the Power of - Fo Signa 4 Sn Compassion ath NG. yy fy 2" This ‘neveae the, Bigot rors, jo Me Pelee power le (signet Jo neise. vakio) , — Thre an two notes ‘ CAllea| “ extemal Mpie . Torhodtced dus to Tylon, Median rat Spjarnal nelee Au 4o Sorernal _ Gomporunty *Noise Grol Notce figure Cryst SNR — Sa the watio Of Signak power to note power at a pefot fn the Civeult - ~ BNR ig & Moagure of Signal powers velative to Oofse power ak a particular print tn he Che fs oc if ve Signal power Py, — Nowe power thon Que expreasecl ay S|y ig giver ay 3, Po , i a Po. " VP PasngR ara Po 2VaR 8 Ps Ver wo Te RRR Whore Ve Signo’ rgd Vin + Deter vg Assume Wak both Signal Powe’ Aha Noige powes OAL dlessipatedt in Gamo’ Resistance BY an” SW can be expresestt 7e dh a :ye lo eg) CoN > do log (2) For exc) at pouttealar pofor fo the Circuit, the Signal and noise Vig ase given as 3x5mu ara} 6-Y5 mu Yespectively , SNR Ih all “tc Caleutest es, er yei 80 le qo a *) Sue > do legio LU66) > 13.38 db. neice gure (fF) 4s the tmagure of ta Doiee ‘\o Woduced by the. Cirett Db Ys clefined os tte Ao yf Signal to note power at Op of dhy, CK apd vatio o¢ Signal to Noize powes ab Olp oC the CHE.=o power at Ujp Terminal of the Che Soo te a. = power ak olp foxminal of he CH. Howe ower Fo\rodero eo] by Ste. if Fad je unity ° bot lp 2olp Cee IS 8, a Pewess aro Sano. Feceiver ) - aT TN sty , sly sk) | Pronk -end ae) . Ung, - a | BA 8MP " V Lene: HP] ge Kea) tecsivel [oe -& fash Aestinatia syret: grages hasebarc Bigras . — Th tax of the Reece ig to Provide he Original Information jo Tho weer. Original Snformatfon Te altereal ce to processing Of tronamitter side . ~ Foor. Receives the dxeq Signal And clo Some processing ONit Jo Yecoves the original Signal.— Rrev Receives YU) Signal , this Signa Contatne eth XCK) base banel Signal arol Ht) Dove Signal . Fo og Rxer 3a 4o Separate Jo noise Signal $ror0 original Signal and Rreq Signal fg 400 weak Wecause Tied Signal Sirongih losses due to POPgst Meson ha Channel Ths occurs ct’ Yo He aélowat tn Of the Signal . =A Vig, Oop Lirst amplifies he Reed Soa So. Auf St becomes Stronger jo do he foxtter processi¢g Ge “Fron tecovers the original Swforrnation The ofginol Bayebarol Signad ecoyeredl by perdosming Clernedadlation | , which ‘bring high freq. Spectr yo Ths original tow Srepusey Spechrum . — The Vecoveredd bare bard Sipnad handover $s Anal Aestinakion, wh%dn uses Trangdueer which Converts Alecia’ gigolo TAs original hove .This lechnfgue te most widely uxel fn Comm. Syctome Koatio, ive Cempmmicadion “Systema. maatipexing 1 « proce whack alles: Mere thon | One ae “yo teangmit Frew a rae Choma’, ote ibe } — which AMewe A’ maximum possible tit ration available Bordusictth et Ho S¥stem Bw 13 an Tenpoctane entiy In Communication System » — Mukiplering fs possible, on Como ayeten | sioough modulation . + — ex anidio signal Core Flies) seh ali€®_ person wy be. alffasent, mi 3e0, people auiclio Signat Les bike auelio. signal 1 je ja tage 9 deve foo0Kue 35 an the Sfgnals ase sueq Seultanovsly shrough Single chamne) , then Ahoy. wll be rota} io dogethar: a Ter, jrangmit “these mixtel Signal Ard Rxew wi) Receive wth. Bur &er Je Dot .Capale of a tiem Yodividuatly , ’ ome Ths ditt, essen, 4veq oe= In Order Ao aot “he difficulty each eigrat can be ed to a Aiffexent Brequory Spectrum , Sach Thoot eneny Sigeal differs tn Seg Tred Frequoncy. This fs done Aneough Modulation . — 2. Te aM te Skinale air Modulated te, tanslodeal vo Nigh Treg ustog Alte Carrier sfrequonciey , than each Signal ta distinguishable Bom The other /, assh in Tho Audio “frequony, range . = At the Ror “eastly Can Sepornte the Vest siprat beaawye alk au fo ciPe Frequnsy and the Can be daliverest fo tho noxt Stage for Sucthos Processing . ~ who Mecsdadion — mdkiplexing ot pessible Final destination : - ( iy (| Wes : Recovered sala | e ! egsoge ( \ Destination ) ved Pe‘Types Of Communication Systems » — pike Theix —Cadpgorize Comm Sygtem basecl 9 “ee ‘ £ Signals prasical nfragtructus And Specifications © thoy proansaeit j Sofeostouctiue? - j) Comm System bard 00 Prysico’ are) phradtrtactue . “hoxe au “hoo types baseo} on prgsto 1 w- line Communication 3y8ternw + . —Thore 3 a Prysicad Ling 4 iCaWed The: Vordioare Chante], bl TA and Rey 4a. Line, Comm System - —In Radio Comm ne: Suck, inks anol Nadu wesources like A3 enol Space tgeol for Soflwire Communication 2x: Landline telephone ys | — one woy Comm T2 Calllgcl Gepler and) "two wou Comm fs Catlecl len. Ge: TV Can Only’ Reaeive) the Bignol Can not transmit codes} Simpler Comm. Lond Lina phone Can Serel avet Receive tie sign Catles\ cupler mechPit dapion — 499 ay Com To Camel out et Net Simuttanously . Ata Hwe Cither Can Sent or Receive . = Comm 84g Can be Simplex oF duplen ov How but Not beth. : — Based on phy Stouctne of a Comm System , ore Can define -}wo Groupe , the grr Onn , ° Line | vad fo Communication . 8froplexc| duplex Communication . — x! “TW Comm — Combfneg Yadio anol Simple tomm - Land Vine - Une ard dhesplex Comm . \DY Come Sysiem boaxed 0 Signal Specification _ Signal Specification wsed 40 decide He “ype ae Comm ineluele :Radkuxe of Raxebarad (ox) Nakwa! of ths TKed Signed. Toforma Signad- Carrier peg, 7 Bae a iguune rar, ae tte Comin Sys f at 88; ia , \ pt { vile fe : 0n — Hore om fous Types of Coram 84S bagel 9 if F Signal Specificodvong Ay) cr ol Lb ti «d, Gated yaa ae porn no re a. Drgital “ ' { Covo sp ty wg tec P Betls 1 Jen Ladigt %. Powebars| Camo sy behocty veak Cobigi'ta )_ Croup 2. - Land tine felephens (BB — Brpea band Mable tv Coarries } _Fn order jo Make, things eagien, aul & dupe an Jowneet four Greer oe Group 42 Line |wadio. corm . ays Groups: Simpler] disper xy), U \ ‘ Cowup 3: Aoalog Digital Hoy Croup: darebare \cowvter Corr By. A. Caxnier weAmplitide medulation : — — Armplitudle Madulatton is clefinest ay the Medulalfon techniques in hich “the fnetantanowy, . areplituale of he Casriex Signal Tg Varied Accowling coith te Fostantancas ample of fs omy , Signal jo be fangmitteo! . jueclieh ~ Madylating Signal is “he Qralng ‘nsebarel sigral ~~ low Srequaney And Carrier Signal ve, Simsidial wave WAN NAb Fraga _Wdutoting Bigred, 6 ae .feoro the Siguce That amplitude o¢ “the Comer Signal fe Varier fn accoclance with the modulating Bignok wmle The “frequency Gnd Phoye 6 jhe carrier’ Signal seMath unchanged. — Amplitude variation ty the peak Vntue of athe. Casriey Signal Cxactly weplicate the meduleting Sigal oF different point In dime’ wshtch fe Known ag envelop e- Frequency Modulation — Frequoney medutation ig a process of Charging’ the Coxier Frequarsg A Ah ACcordlare ith We \ + ing Vol » COLL ' fetorto vel oe ty | oeg te! -—A modulating Signad May Vary Tha “Prequanciy 66 Caries keeping » Armp and phase ts Con8tant . = Original Freque Of Carrier Signo Te Called Contre or Yeaitog Prequiensy Sfabun — ee SS = Frequany Of Carrier Signal es fbr oa belo the Yeating freq Be) Fs cartes) hequeny Aeviotion CAE). , AF ol mete) .— modulation ‘index in FM 38 ho vatio Of treque Aesiation (AP) aro} modulating reg Gy me L “em Ay - dregs deviation At - Meduloting trey £ fmDigital wetlatfon Scheme : - Adv . of Digital Com Ovex Ghalog Cormountcation : — {process ot sgt Comm , 8ysterm Tg Simple Comporest to avokg Comm. 4. Digitot Cerom 7s cheaper’ 3. Cree Corvection and detéction “ech, can be Tmplemanten| cantly ADE provide added Secyxty ‘fo, cur Infor) Signal. S&S: Tyla Comm S42 har move Fmmuity fo 9! Noise ancl external Interference - 6.D ital enformotion Can be Save or vetrieves/ TE tS Not Prisidle sn ‘analeg - -fhon Met Corry; whon Necessary ; 4. He “wp. ot digital ORd, aun Move Leable Hoon anal 3 rams digital CK’ Gs have almose commen enwoling teelinique ard hance Similar cevice Can'be us¢e! foe a ramber of purposesAsk: Amplitude ast keg tog wc — ASK, FS, PSK thodwlation cur aligital juodalat’ n Fechniquas Here Up te tn dligitol binary form anal Yeferre| as modulating Stgnal Ane! Olp tg modulate} Snee — Amplitucle _ SHEL» Keging = Aroplucle ot €f carrier Stanal te Varteol “in accorclance cotth bagebarol digfial Up ait i ; — Both Prase and freg vemoing cuogt yiohfle Amp ; Changes and any One of the Gnp fs 0. VJ ‘ up signal:wits Te, Aye Binoy 1 will be vepresentey © p by Carrier Signad , with Some : ~ Amplitude ond Binary © vill b fe My i ja . vepregented by Carrier oF wu gue "Dem amplitude . “ate down pt Aan tilare to bo cashier 13. fromittey duxing ae o ond canier 13 trang rotttec! chucing logic 4. } Fak: Brequaney SHC Keytog + — - Frequancy Of” Casrier Signal a with digitet p Signal — Amp and phase cua Condon — Birovy 0 ove ft *8 _mepresented) “bi \ tess clifferent 4 is Kepresemte be a Wasted tn Qecerclance ‘ ‘ ; uy Punt {tia) Vhaaer Comciex Arequarey - phere binoxy Miah Frequency and lofnawy ‘b Ps Tepierenter] by t 4 hous Srequonty .\ \ \ Casvier 4 WINONA AL Try DUUUUU HY reiqat Tooled in PSK fs | PSK modulates comprizes “wo taaetilatne ust Clatk and Up bloary Sequence . = Yoo 08¢ producing high Mssnge _ Rreqy arnet Ua eequanny oot Cormectecl 4 0 Signal along wsth Tntemal Tock.PSK: phase Shist Keging Lo — phage of the Caxriex Signal Te vetted Changeal bated 00 digital Toput whese frp anol feequorey Yeamoins same - 4 . - ° © iC “ sips See a i \ zec at woduilator 1 i i i i ae yw EL eA oT gundatoted stgred nm 1 | No? Binosy 4 > Oo phase and Binary o > ao phase .