The Destiny of Man in TH E Evo Lutio Nary Thought of Sri Aurobindo

Ephemerides Carmeliticae 29 (1978/1) 43-99
T H E D E ST IN Y O F M A N
IN T H E EV O L U T IO N A R Y TH O U G H T OF
SR I A U R O B IN D O
Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950)1 has rightly been hailed as one of the

greatest mystic-philosophers of modern India. His mystical expe
riences and insights, nourished by the ancient Hindu scriptures, con
stitute the mainstay of his philosophic system which is synthetic in
character. His world-view is centered on the Absolute Spirit who,
through a free « involution », has manifested this material universe.
Consequently there is no part of reality which is not in some degree
infused with the presence and power of the Absolute. The indwelling
Spirit leads and guides the world-process of « evolution », which is to
culminate, slowly but surely, in the full manifestation of the Spirit
in this universe and in the realization by men of a blissful, immortal
life here on earth.
The present study is an attempt to understand in depth the ulti
mate destiny of man as envisaged by Sri Aurobindo. In order, how
ever, to place this study in the context of the whole system of Auro-
bindo’s thought, we think it necessary to highlight first some of his
fundamental presuppositions.
1 For biographical informations, cfr. A.B. P u r a n i , The Life of Sri Aurobindo,

Pondicherry 1958; Id., Sri Aurobindo in England, Pondicherry 1956; K.R.S. I yen
gar, Sri Aurobindo, A Biography and History, 2 vols., Pondicherry 1972; J.
R oarke, Sri Aurobindo, Pondicherry 1973; R.R. D iw akar , Mahayogi, Bombay 1972.
Abbreviations used in this study:
E.Git. = S r i A urobindo , Essays on the Gita, Pondicherry 1974.
L.D., I. = Id., The Life Divine, vol. I, Pondicherry 1970.
L.D., II. = Id., The Life Divine, vol. II, Pondicherry 1970.
S.Y. — Id., The Synthesis of Yoga, Pondicherry 1973.
Ups. = Id., The Upanishads, Pondicherry 1972.
Up. = Upanishad.
44 DANIEL ACHARUPAHAMBIL
A) A u r o b in d o ' s b a s ic in s ig h t
I. Integral Advaitism
« An omnipresent Reality is the truth of all life and existence
whether absolute or relative, whether corporeal or incorporeal, wheth
er animate or inanimate, whether intelligent or unintelligent; and
in all its infinitely varying and even constantly opposed self-expres
sions, from the contradictions nearest to our ordinary experience to
those remotest antinomies which lose themselves on the verge of the
Ineffable, the Reality is one and not a sum or concourse. From
that all variations begin, in that all variations consist, to that all va
riations return. ... Brahman is the Alpha and the Omega » 2. These
words of Sri Aurobindo condense the sum and substance of his phi
losophic insight. An integral vision of the Realty constitutes its whole
foundation.
If philosophy is an investigation into the reality, Aurobindo con
tends that it should take into account the entire domain of the reality.
A true philosophy cannot afford to ignore either matter or spirit. A
spiritualistic philosophy which denies matter is as partial and im
perfect as a materialist philosophy which negates spirit. Philosophy,
therefore, should strike a balance between two extreme positions,
namely materialism ignoring spirit and spiritualism ignoring m atter3.
Accordingly Aurobindo proposes an Integral Advaitism, which he
maintains to be the true solution to the problem of existence.
Aurobindo’s is an Advaitism or Non-dualism because he regards
the Spirit or Brahman as the one and the only fundamental reality.
This Advaitism is Integral because it does not disregard the reality
of any of the aspects of Existence, but considers the world and the
individuals as manifestations of the one Spirit. Matter and Spirit are
the lowest and the highest terms of Existence.
This system, thus, tries to solve the perennial problem of the
opposition between the Infinite and the finite, the Trnascendence and
the immanence, the One and the many, the Being and the becoming,
the Spirit and the matter, by an integral approach. Aurobindo finds
a confirmation of his vision in the great scriptural formula regarding
the Ultimate Reality: « The One without a second »4, but interpret
ing it in the light of another equally important declaration of the
2 L. D„ I, p. 33.
3 Aurobindo calls these two exaggerated trends of thought respectively, « the
denial of the materialist», and «the refusal of the ascetic», (ibid., p. 9).
4 Cfr. Chandogya Up., 6, 2, 1.
THE DESTINY OF MAN 45
scriptures: «All this is Brahm an»5. Accordingly he solemnly affirms

that matter also is Brahman6.
What, then, is the nature of Brahman, the Ultimate Reality?
II. The Ultimate Reality

The entire philosophic structure of Aurobindo rests on the foun
dation of a characteristic conception of the Ultimate Reality7. Follow
ing the Vedantic tradition, he designates it as Sacchidananda, a tri
nity of Existence-Consciousness-Blisss. In his analysis of the nature
of the triune Sacchidananda9, Aurobindo strongly emphasises Its
absolute transcendence, but without losing sight of Its freedom to
assume an immanent dimension. Accordingly, « the Supreme is pure
Being, Absolute Existence, s a t» 10. « He is Existence because He
alone Is, there being nothing else which has any ultimate reality
or any being independent of His self-manifestation » u. The absolute
Existence is essentially One, but not a oneness that excludes the
many; it is not the Being that excludes the becoming. As our author
puts it: « The Being is one, but this oneness is infinite and contains
in itself an infinite plurality or multiplicity of itself: the One is the
All; it is not only an esesntial Existence, but an All-existence » 12.
s Cfr. Mandukya Up., 2.
6 L.D., I, p. 6; «The real Monism, the true Advaita, is that which admits
all things as the One Brahman, and does not seek to biscet Its existence into
two incompatible entities, an eternal Truth and an eternal Falsehood, Brahman
and not-Brahman, Self and not-Self, a real Self and an unreal yet perpetual
Maya. If it is true that the Self alone exists, it must be also true that all is
the Self » (ibid., p. 31).
7 « An absolute, eternal and infinite Self-existence, Self-awareness, Self
delight of being that secretly supports and pervades the universe even while
it is also beyond it, is, then, the first truth of spiritual experience» (ibid.,
p. 325). Aurobindo in his various works makes indiscriminate use of the terms
like Sacchidananda, Brahman, Absolute, Atman, Self, Spirit, God, Godhead,
Isvara, the Divine, Purusottama, and so on, to indicate the Ultimate Reality.
8 « He who knows Brahman as truth, knowledge, infinite (satyam, jnanam,
anatam), hidden in the cavity (of the heart) and in the farthest space, he
obtains every wish in communion with Brahman, the omniscient » (Taittiriya
Up., 2, 1); «Brahman is knowledge and bliss (vijnanam anandam Brahma)»
(Brhaddranyaka Up., 3, 9, 28).
For a study on the Upanishadic foundation of « Sacchidananda», see: P.
D eu sse n , The Philosophy of the Upanishads, New York 1966, pp. 126-146.
9 « Sacchidananda is the One with a triple aspect. In the Supreme the
three are not three but one, — existence is consciousness, consciousness is bliss,
and they are thus inseperable, not only inseperable, but so much each other
that they are not distinct at all » (S r i A urobindo , Lights on Yoga, Pondicherry 1974
p. 20).
10 Ups., p. 16.
11 ibid., p. 17.
12 L.D., II, p. 660.
46 DAN ¡El. ACHARUPAr AMBIL
The absolute existence is also pure Awareness, full Consciousness,

cit, it is Conscious-Existence. « His Consciousness is from itself and
of itself, like His Existence» 13. This self-existent Consciousness is
not confined to the realm of knowledge alone, but is an effective
Consciousness; it is a Consciousness-Force, cit-sakti. « Absolute is in
its nature absolute power; the nature of Cit is Shakti » 14. It is endowed
with the absolute liberty of self-concentration of Force or self-diffu
sion of Force. The manifestation of the finite universe is nothing but
a free self-diffusion of the Divine Force, and this self-diffusion is also
a free self-limitation. « The Infinite would not be the Infinite if it
could not assume a manifold finiteness; the Absolute would not be
the Absolute if it were denied in knowledge and power and will and
manifestation of being a boundless capacity of self-determination » 15.
The whole universe and each one of its parts are incessantly being
sustained and guided by the Divine Cit-Shakti embedded in them.
« A Conscious-Force everywhere inherent in Existence, acting even
when concealed, is the creator of the world, the occult secret of Na
ture » M.
The Absolute is also Bliss, ananda. « Just as Existence is Con
sciousness and cannot be separated from Consciousness, so Conscious
Existence is Bliss and cannot be separated from Bliss » 17. « Ananda
is the very essence of Brahman, it is the supreme nature of the omni
present Reality » 18. Brahman is pure and absolute bliss and so is
independent of any cause or agent other than His own intimate
nature for His delight. The world manifestation is a spontaneous
outflow of his infinite Delight and, all the delights that are in this
world are its remote shadws or imperfect sharing; they are the va
riable expressions of the one invariable Delight of Brahman. « For
all joy, beauty, love, peace, delight are outflowing from the Ananda
Brahman » 19. The Divine Delight is not only the source, but also the
ultimate culmination of all finite delights. As Aurobindo puts it:
« Delight is existence. Delight is the secret of creation, Delight is the
root of birth, Delight is the cause of remaining in existence, Delight
is the end of birth and that into which creation ceases » 20.
But the Absolute considered in its transcendent aspect is beyond
13 Ups., p. 18.
w L.D., I, p. 570.
15 ibid., p. 267.
14 ibid., p. 295.
17 Ups., p. 19.
1« L.D., II, p. 990.
w S.Y., p. 568.
m L.D., I, p. 101.
tir e bESTiNY Of M a n 47
all relation and causality of any kind. How then can it be the origin
and finality of the universe? It is made possible through what Au-
robindo calls the Supermind, which is nothing else than the same
Absolute considered in its immanent dimension. The relationless
Absolute becomes related to the world as its Author and Master
through the Supermind. Aurobindo underlines that a passage from
the indivisible unity of Sacchidananda to the multiplicity of the world
reality is possible only through the mediation of the Supermind. On
the one hand, it possesses within itself all the reality and power of
Sacchidananda, and on the other, it contains the essential truth of
the finite world. It has the power and freedom of adopting a static
or a dynamic poise, and by adopting the dynamic poise it actually ma
nifests the universe. In relation to the Absolute, the Supermind func
tions as the « principle of active W ill» 21, and as such chooses and
actualises some of the objects — the present universe — from among
the infinity of possible objects to which the unlimited power of the
Absolute can extend itself. Thus, « the Supermind is between Sac
chidananda and the lower creation » 22.
III. Involution - Evolution

Now the question is, how did the Supreme Reality bring the
lower creation into being? By becoming its immanent cause. « Brah
man self-extended in Space and Time is the universe » 23, maintains
Aurobindo. But how was it actually brought about? By a descent-
ascent, or involution-evolution process of the Spirit. Evolution is a
generally accepted scientific hypothesis. But Aurobindo contends that
one cannot reasonably speak of the evolution of higher species of
beings from lower ones unless one admits first an involution M. « The
manifestation of the Being in the universe takes the shape of an
involution which is the starting point of an evolution, - Matter the
nethermost stage, Spirit the summit » 25.
21 ibid., p. 122.
22 Lights on Yoga, p. 20.
23 Ups., p. 84.
24 « We speak of evolution of Life in Matter, the evolution of Mind in
Matter, but evolution is a word which merely states the phenomenon without
explaining it. For there seems to be no reason why Life should evolve out of
material elements or Mind out of living form unless we accept the Vedantic
solution that Life is already involved in Matter and Mind in Life, because in
essence Matter is a form of veiled Life, Life a form of veiled Consciousness.
And there seems to be little objection to a further step in the series and the
admission that mental consciousness may itself be only a form and a veil of
higher states which are beyond Mind » (L.D., I, p. 3).
25 L.D., II, p. 662; « An Involution of the Divine Existence, the spiritual
48 DANIEL ACHÁRUPARÁMBIL
The involution is a gradual process as also the evolution. In the

involution Aurobindo distinguishes seven principles of gradations26.
The first three are the original and fundamental triune reality of the
Absolute, namely the divine Existence — Consciousness-Force — De
light. A fourth principle is associated with it, that is, the Supermind
which is its characteristic power of self-determination. These four
principles constitute what is called the upper hemisphere of mani
festation in which the Spirit retains its original purity and perfection.
The involution then descends to the lower hamisphere which is the
domain of Mind, Life and Matter 27. Involution, thus, is a step by
step process by which the Infinite conceals itself or puts veil upon
veil on itself to reach finally the inconscient nature of matter. Owing
to this process the Spirit and Matter become the two poles of the
same reality; Matter is only the outcome of the Spirit’s « plunge into
the inconscience » 28; it is « the last word in the descent » 29. Hence,
« Involution of a Superconscient Spirit in the inconscient Matter is
the secret of this visible and apparent world » 30.
In Aurobindo's thought, therefore, involution is the theoretical
foundation for the doctrine of evolution. Evolution of higher species
from matter becomes conceivable and feasible because matter, far
from being an inanimate substance, is right from the start throbbing
with the reality of the Spirit; it is a self-limited form of the Spirit
and so is capable of evolving higher. Accordingly, evolution is not a
casual development of the material energy, nor the outcome of an
istinctive struggle of individual beings for survival, but the expression
of the Spirit’s urge to ascend back to its original perfection, slowly
traversing the stages of its free descent. « To manifest what is from
the first occult whithin it is the whole hidden trend of evolutionary
Nature » 31.
Reality, in the apparent inconscience of Matter is the starting-point of the evo

lution » (ibid., p. 683).
26 Cfr. ibid., pp. 662-663.
27 « The Divine descends from pure existence through the play of Conscious-
ness-Force and Bliss and the creative medium of Supermind into cosmic being;
we ascend from Matter through the developing life, soul and mind and the illu
minating medium of Supermind towards the divine being » (L.D., I, p. 264).
28 L.D., II, p. 770.
29 L.D., I, p. 258.
30 S ri A urobindo , The Hour of God, Pondicherry 1973, p. 53; « In the descent
into the material plane of which our natural life is a product, the lapse culmi
nates in a total Inconscience out of which an involved Being and Consciousness
have to emerge by a gradual evolution » (L.D., II, p. 663).
31 L.D., II, p. 659; « The secret of the terrestrial evolution is the slow and
progressive liberation of this latent indwelling Spirit, the difficult appearance
of Something or Someone already involved, with all its potential forces in a
first formal basis of supporting substance, its greater slowly emerging move-
THE DESTlMY OF MAM 49
As in the case of involution, so also in that of evolution Aurobindo

envisages various gradations. According to him « evolution is the in
verse action of the involution: what is an ultimate and last derivation
in the involution is the first to appear in the evolution; what was
original and primal in the involution is in the evolution the last
and supreme emergence »32. Accordingly the Spirit is to be the final
evolutionary emergence because it is the original involutionary fa
ctor, and matter is to be the first to emerge in the evolution because
it is the last term in the involution. We have seen how Aurobindo
distinguishes seven terms in the involutionary operation of Spirit,
namely: Existence — Consciousness-Force — Bliss, Supermind, Mind,
Life and Matter. And the evolutionary process corresponds to the
« ascending series of Matter, Life, Mind, Supermind and that other
higher divine triplicity of Sacchidananda » 33.
Seing that the gap between two stages — between matter and
life, for instance, or between life and mind — is quite considerable,
Aurobindo visualizes intermediary stages between them. Evolution,
therefore, is a slow process prepared by very gradual progress. This
clarification makes it all the more practicable. As he states: « Evo
lution, being thus continuous, must have at any given moment a past
with its fundamental results still in evidence, a present in which the
results it is labouring over are in process of becoming, a future in
which still unevolved powers and forms of being must appear till
there is the full and perfect manifestation » 34. Thus the form of life
which appears for the first time in matter is not in its fullfledged
nature but only in a rudimentary form in such a way that, for all
practical purposes, there would be little to distinguish it from ina
nimate matter. This rudimentary life principle devolops into various
forms of vegetable life, sensitive life in its initial stage evolving gra
dually into all sorts of animals, half-animal man, developed human
beings, and so forth until che process culminates in the full manife
station of the divine 3S. « Because of the continuity of the evolutionary
ments locked up in the initial expressive power of Matter » (The Hour of God,
P. 55).
» L.D., II, p. 853.
33 L.D., I, p. 255; « Matter, Life, Mind, Supermind or Gnosis, and beyond
these the quadruple power of a supreme Being — Consciousness-Force — Bliss:
these are the grades of the evolutionary ascent from Inconscience to the Su
perconscience » (The Hour of God, pp. 52-53).
« L.D., II, p. 707.
33 « We can see that it is the Consciousness which had lost itself returning
again to itself emerging out of its 'giant self-forgetfulness, slowly, painfully, as
a Life that is would-be sentient, half-sentient, dimly sentient, wholly sentient
and finally struggles to be more than sentient, to be again, divinely self-
conscious, free, infinite, immortal » (L.D., I, p. 244).
so DANIEL ACHARUPARAMBIL
process there is no rigid separation between them; each new advance

or formation takes up what was before » 36. Thus the passage from
one stage to the next is almost im perceptible37.
Evolution brings about in the being that newly emerges, not only
external modifications, but also internal transformations. Internally
evolution is, in fact, a process of a slow awakening of the dormant
consciousness. Looked from this point of view, Aurobindo distinguishes
three principal stages in it. « An evolution in the Inconscience is the
beginning, an evolution in the Ignorance is the middle, but the end
is the liberation of the Spirit into its true Consciousness and an evo
lution in the Knowledge » 38. The initial stage comprises the material
forms leading to the appearance of the lower species of life and ani
mals. The middle stage represents man in all his human capacities.
We are now labouring in this middle stage. And the final stage will
be a supramental evolution.
IV. The Logic of the Infinite

It is the firm conviction of Aurobindo that a merely human
logic or reasoning is inadequate to establish coherently all that is
implied in his system. For an ultimate justification of his entire
philosophy, therefore, he has recourse to what he calls the Logic of
the Infinite. As the term itself suggests, it is the logic of the Supreme
Being, as distinct from the finite, human, mental logic. He wants us
to look at the truth from the perspective of the Divine, not from
our own limited and imperfect perspective. Though man can obtain
a clear grasp of the Logic of the Infinite only when he transcends
his present limitations, he can still form a fair idea of its nature and
functioning by contrasting it with the ordinary finite logic.
The finite logic, in particular what is known as formal logic, is
based on discursive reasoning. It draws conclusions from certain pre
mises, proceeding in accordance with some laws, such as: the law
of identity, the law of contradiction, the law of excluded middle. Self-
consistency in thought is all that matters here; it bothers little about
the correspondence of reasoning with reality.
This procedure, though valid in its own field, is inadequate to
deal with the Reality in its totality which is infinite. Mental reason
* L.D., II, p. 706.

37 Aurobindo does not exclude the possibility of sudden leaps in the evolu
tionary process caused by some critical event in Nature or some extraordinary
intervention from above. (Cfr. L.D., II, p. 706).
38 Ibid., p. 703.
and logic are indirect means of knowledge. « If the means of know

ledge are indirect and imperfect, the knowledge attained will also be
indirect and im perfect»39. Aurobindo draws attention to one particu
lar limitation of our reasoning: « Our reasoning is based upon our ex
perience of the finite operations of physical Nature, on an incomplete
observation and uncertin understanding of something that acts within
limits; it has organised on that basis certain conceptions which it
seeks to make general and universal, and whatever contradicts or
departs from these conceptions it regards as irrational, false or
inexplicable »40. With such a means of knowledge we cannot reaso
nably claim to know the truth of the Infinite Reality. « If we insist
on applying a finite logic to the Infinite, the omnipresent Reality will
escape us and we shall grasp instead an abstract shadow, a dead
form petrified into speech of a hard incisive graph which speaks of
the Reality but does not express i t »41. Hence the basic principle to
be borne in mind, according to Aurobindo, is this: « Our way of
knowing must be appropriated to that which is to be known; other
wise we achieve only a distant speculation, a figure of knowledge and
not veritable knowledge » 42.
For dealing with the Infinite Reality, therefore, we have to rely
on the logic of the Infinite, a logic not confined to the laws and
principles of the mental logic. This is not to say that the higher logic
throws overboard the laws of the finite logic, such as those of identity
and contradiction, whose importance is duly recognised. But he re
fuses to accord absolute validity to the principles of finite reason.
« What appear as contradictions to a reason based on the finite may
not be contradictions to a vision or a larger reason based on the in
finite. What our mind sees as contraries may be to the infinite con
sciousness not contraries, but complementaries »43.
Every being has got three inseparable dimensions: the individual,
the universal and the transcendental. Our knowledge of the individual
is complete only when we relate it to the universal and the transcen
dental. So, too, our understanding of the Transcendental is full only
when related to the universal and the individual. To quote Auro
bindo: « There is an essentiality of things, a communality of things,
and individuality of things; the communality and individuality are
true and eternal powers of the essentiality: that transcends them
29 L.D., I, p. 213.
40 Ibid., pp. 327-328.
Ibid., p. 323.
« Ibid., p. 323.
43 Ibid., p. 474; « If this logic of the Infinite contradicts the conceptions
of our finite reason, it is because it exceeds it and does not base itself on
the data of the limited phenomenon, but embraces the Reality and sees the
truth of all phenomena in the truth of the Reality » (ibid., p. 339).
52 DANIEL ACHARÜPARAMBIL
both, but the three together and not one by itself are the eternal
terms of existence »44. Finte reason and its laws may be baffled in
trying to reconcile these three aspects. But they remain eternally
reconciled in the Infinite Logic.
Aurobindo, therefore, declares: «To understand truly the world-
process of the Infinite and the Time-process of the Eternal, the con
sciousness must pass beyond this finite reason and the finite sense
to a larger reason and spiritual sense in touch with the Infinite and
responsive to the logic of the Infinite which is the very logic of being
itself and arises inevitably from its self-operation of its own realities,
a logic whose sequences are not the steps of thought but the steps of
existence » 45.
Aurobindo’s vision of man and his ultimate destiny is to be
seen from the perspective of these preliminary considerations.
B) M a n ' s t r a n s it io n a l n a t u r e
« Man », says Aurobindo, « is a transitional being » 46. He is a stage

in the evolutionary process which began with the inanimate matter
and passed through the manifestation of life in the vegetable and
animal kingdoms and reached finally the present mental stage. The
importance of man is not exactly his human nature but rather what
he is to attain in future. « Man's greatness is not in what he is, but
in what he makes possible » 47. He is to evolve into a supramental and
divine status; « he is a god in the making » 4S. Man is a finite-seeming
infinity and hence he cannot rest satisfied as long as he does not
realize his infinity. « The animal is satisfied with a modicum of ne
cessity; the gods are content with their splendours. But man cannot
rest permanently until he reaches some highest good. He is the great
est of living beings because he is the most discontented, because
he feels most the pressure of limitations. He alone, perhaps, is capa
ble of being seized by the divine frenzy for a remote id eal» 49.
Man is the first being on earth who became aware of God within
44 Ibid., p. 381.
45 Ibid., p. 475; « What is magic to our finite reason, is the logic of the
Infinite. It is a greater reason, a greater logic because it is more vast, subtle,
complex in its operations; it comprehends all the data which our observation
fails to seize, it deduces from them results which neither our deduction nor
induction can anticipate, because our conclusions and inferences have a meagre
foundation and are fallible and brittle» (ibid., p. 329).
44 The Hour of God, p. 43.
47 Ibid., p. 45.
« L.D., I, p. 381.
49 Ibid., p. 46.
him and of his call to reach an immortal divine status. « Up till this
advent of a developed thinking mind in Matter evolution had been
effected, not by a self-aware aspiration, intention, will or seeking
of the living being, but subconsciously or subliminally by the auto
matic operation of Nature » 50. In man the urge to exceed himself has
become a conscious drive which spurs him on to do all in his power
to attain to a supramental goal.
A product of evolution, man encloses within himself all the stages
of being that appeared before him: the physical nature of matter,
the vital nature of plant, the sensitive nature of animal, and at the
top the mental nature which is characteristic of man. « Just as we
have in us these subnormal selves and subhuman planes, so are there
in us above our mental being supernormal and superhuman planes » 5t.
The evolutionary emergence of each stage is in itself a beginning
and a preparation for a leap to the next one, however slow the pace
of that leap might be. In the automatic consistency of the physical
plane the rudimentary beginnings of inconscient life are seen; in what
seems inconscient life the signs of sensation coming towards the sur
face are visible; in the moving and breathing life the emergence of a
sensitive mind is apparent and the preparations for a thinking mind
are not entirely hidden, and in thinking mind there are already the
beginnings of a supramental self-exceeding. Each great achievement
of human history, each great personality that illumined human race,
is for Auribindo a tangible proof for the faith in the power and pro
mise of a final self-exceeding of humanity, of its supra-human de
stiny 52.
Aurobindo is absolutely unshaken in his faith in the superhuman
evolutionary destiny of man because he believes that it rests on a so
lid foundation: what is involved must evolve; what is hidden must
be made manifest; the Spirit within must one day come to the surface.
As he spells it out: « The significance of our existence here deter
mines our destiny: that destiny is something that already exists in us
as necessity and a potentiality, the necessity of our being’s secret and
emergent reality, a truth of its potentialities that is being worked
out; both, though not yet realized, are even now implied in what has
been already manifested. If there is a Being that is becoming, a Rea
50 L.D., II, p. 843.

51 S.Y., p. 372; « It [human nature] has an element of matter taken up by
life, an element of life taken up by mind, an element of mind which is being
taken up by the Spirit: the animal is still present in its humanity; the very
nature of the human being presupposes a material and a vital stage which pre
pared his emergence into mind and an animal past which moulded a first ele
ment of his complex humanity » (L.D., II, p. 761).
52 Cfr. E.Git., p. 361.
54 DANIEL ACHARUPARAMBIL
lity of existence that is unrolling itself in Time, what that Being, that
Reality secretly is, is what we have to become, and so to become is
our life’s significance » 53. He says again: « In a more vivid and less
metaphysical language, the mental man has to evolve himself into
the divine Man; the sons of Death have to know themselves as the
children of Immortality »54. « A divine perfection of the human being
is our aim » 55. «To fulfil God in life is man’s manhood. He starts
from the animal vitality and its activities, but a divine existence is
his objective »56. « The ascent to the divine Life is the human journey,
the Work of works, the acceptable Sacrifice. This alone is man’s real
business in the world and the justification of his existence » 57. « Our
aim must be to grow into our true being, our being of Spirit, the
being of the supreme and universal Existence, Consciousness, Delight,
Sacchidananda » 58.
The actual achievements of man, though great and marvelous,
have not taken him beyond his species. In the fields of science and
technology, in intellectual and spiritual domains, in socio-economic
and political matters, and practically in all spheres of human endea
vour the modern man can rightly boast of an unprecedented progress.
Still man has not stepped out of the frontiers of mind, he is still a
mental being only. A supramental transformation of his nature is
far from being a reality.
Aurobindo observes, however, that this is nothing to be surpris
ed about. Before there can be a supramental transformation the
mental being has to develop all the capacities enshrined in its nature.
As he puts it: « ...the action of evolutionary Nature in a type of being
and consciousness is first to develop that type to its utmost capacity
by just such substitution and increasing complexity till it is ready for
her bursting of the shell, the ripened decisive emergence, reversal,
turning over of consciousness on itself that constitutes a new stage
in the evolution » 59. The mental man has to evolve out of himself a
fully conscious being, « a divine manhood or a spiritual and supra
mental supermanhood which shall be the next product of the evolu
tion » w.
In the higher evolution man is not supposed to discard anything
si L.D., II, p. 1016.

54 Ibid., pp. 684-685.
55 S.Y., p. 590.
56 L.D., I, p. 36.
57 Ibid., pp. 42-43.
58 L.D., II. p. 685.
59 Ibid., pp. 841-842.
« Ibid., p. 825.
of what constitutes his essential nature. As evolution implies an inte

gration, the lower principles of nature will be modified in such a
way as to function harmoniously with the higher principle that emer
ges. An integral transformation is the aim of evolutionary nature.
« Our call must be to live on a new height in all our being: we have
not, in order to reach that height, to drop back our dynamic parts
into indeterminate stuff of Nature and abide by this liberating loss
in a blissful quiescence of the Spirit; ... but what Nature herself
attends from us is that the whole of what we are should rise into
the spiritual consciousness and become a manifest and manifold
power of the Spirit. An integral transformation is the integral aim
of the Being in Nature »61.
I. The Complexity of the Human Composite

« All the problems of human life », affirms Aurobindo, « arise
from the complexity of our existence, the obscurity of its essential
principle and the secrecy of the inmost power that makes out its
determinations and govern its purpose and its processes. If our exist
ence were one piece ... there would be nothing to perplex us »61. A
purely material being knows no problem; a purely mental being in
the mental world would solve all problems, if any, by the purity of
its mental harmony; a pure spirit would be above all problems and
self-content in the infinite. But the existence of man is a web of va
rious strands, a thing mysteriously physical, vital, mental and spi
ritual at once. As Aurobindo would put it: « Man is in his real na
ture... a spirit using the mind, life and body for an individual and
communal experience and self-manifestation in the universe » 63. Each
of these constitutive parts of our being contributes something to the
total movement of our consciousness, thought, will, sensation, feeling,
action.
A further introspective analysis impells our author to distinguish
a double aspect in each of the constitutive principles of our being:
a subtle body behind the external physical body, a subliminal force
of life behind the outer life in the physical body, a subliminal mind
behind the surface m ind64. The inner and secret part of our being
is said to be « much larger in its potentialities, more plastic, more
powerful, more capable of manifold knowledge and dynamism than
« ibid., p. 727.
a E.Git., p. 545.
« S.Y., p. 598.
<* Cfr. L.D., I, p. 220.
56 DANIEL ACHARUPARAXÎBIL
our surface mind, life or body »65. For this reason Aurobindo proposes
that « the outer mind, and life and body must become for us only
an antechamber » 66, and that we have to learn to live habitually in
and from the inner mind and life and body. In fact what we are
outside is completely conditioned by what we are within, in our inner
recesses. It is thence that come the secret initiatives, inspirations,
motivations, preferences, and so on and so forth. A clear knowledge,
therefore, of these inner depths of our being is indispensable not only
for a fuller understanding of our own nature but also for developing
a well integrated personality and for exploiting all the powers and
potentialities contained therein. Aurobindo states: « For a larger men
tal being is there within us, a larger inner vital being, even a larger
inner subtle-physical being other than our surface body-consciousness,
and by entering into this, or becoming it, identifying ourselves with
it, we can observe the springs of our thought and feelings, the sour
ces and motives of our action, the operative energies that build up
our surface personality » 67.
Aurobindo attaches greater importance to the double aspect of
the soul, which he calls the central being of man. The two aspects
which constitute it are the jivatman ad the psychic being. Our au
thor spells out his theory as follows: « The phrase ' central being ’...
is usually applied to the portion of the Divine in us which supports
all the rest and survives through death and birth. This central being
has two forms — above, it is Jivatman, our true being, of which we
become aware when the higher self-knowledge comes, — below it
is the psychic being which stands behind mind, body and life. The
Jivatman is above the manifestation in life and presides over it; the
psychic being stands behind the manifestation in life and supports
i t » 6S.
The Jivatman is the transcendent principle in man and as such
is not affected by the evolutionary process or the phenomenon of
birth and death; it is always the same. It is our real Self, our uncreat
ed, unborn, eternally existing spiritual substance. In regard to our em
pirical existence, it stands above it and presides over it. Here are so
me of the statements of Aurobindo on this matter: « This Infinite, this
« Ibid., p. 276.
« Ibid., p. 532.
67 Ibid., p. 533.
68 Lights on Yoga, p. 14; « The word Jiva has two meanings in Sanskritic
tongues — « living creatures » and the Spirit individualised and upholding the
living being in its evolution from birth to birth. In the latter sense the full
term is Jivatman — the Atman, spirit or eternal self of the living being»
(ibid., p. 16).
Spirit who is housed within us but not bound or shut in by mind

or body is our own Self » 69; « ... that which is within us is the spirit
of the Eternal Spirit » 70. « The immutable Spirit, the imperishable
soul in us has come out of the Transcendence » 71. « The inner soul in
man is here a partial self-manifestation of the Divine »72. « An ela
borate description of the Jivatman would be: ‘ the multiple Divine
manifested here as the individualised self or spirit of the created
being ’ »73.
The real Self of man is beyond the individuality of the individual.
By the very nature of its existence the Jivatman knows itself to be
simultaneously individual, universal and transcendent. It is always
aware of its unity with the Divine who is the truth of its being, the
master of its nature and the very stuff of its reality. « Our real self
is cosmic, infinite, it isone with all existences. The self behind our
mind, life and body is the same as the self behind the mind, life
and body of all our fellow beings »74. It is essentially identical with
the supreme Sacchidananda. As Aurobindo reiterates: « Atman, our
true self, is Brahman; it is pure indivisible being, self-concentrated
in Force, self-delighted. Its existence is light and bliss. It is timeless,
spaceless and free »75. The ultimate aim of evolutionary' process and
of all spiritual discipline is said to be to discover this eternal Sacchi
dananda, this essential self within us and to live in it and to make
manifest its true nature in all the aspects of our being76.
The psychic being, on the other hand, is seen as the representa
tive or deputy of the Jivatman, and is involved in the process of evo
lution. « The Jivatman in its essence does not change or evolve, its
essence stands above the personal evolution; within the evolution
itself it is represented by the evolving psychic being which supports
all the rest of the nature » 77. Aurobindo calls it also individual soul
or the caitya purusha78, the eternal portion of Ishwara79, a ray of
the supreme Soul and Godhead80, an inestinguishable flame of the
Godhead and an indestructible spark of the Divine u. Evidently these
69 S ri Aurobindo, The Problem of Rebirth, Pondicherry 1969, p. 80.

70 E. Git., p. 410,
71 S.Y., p . 242.
72 E.Git., p. 308.
74 S.y., p. 354.
75 Ups., p . 87.
7« Cfr. S.Y., p. 598.
77 Lights on Yoga, p . 16.
78 Cfr. L.D., I, p. 225.
79 Ibid., p. 324.
80 E.Git., p . 275.
«1 L.D., I, p. 225.
58 DANIEL ACHARUPAEAMBIL
are figurative expressions, probably the best suited to convey spiri

tual truths. And what is conveyed is this: « The eternal and universal
Self of every human being is God; even his personal self [psychic
being] is a part of the Godhead, mamaivamsah, — not a fraction or
fragment, surely, since we cannot think of God as broken up into
little pieces, but a partial consciousness of the one Consciousness, a
partial power of the one Power, a partial enjoyment of the world-being
by the one and universal Delight of being, and therefore in manifesta
tion or, as we say, in Nature a limited and finite being of the one
infinite and illimitable Being » 82.
This psychic entity is « that which endures and is imperishable
in us from birth to birth, untouched by death, decay or corruption, an
indestructible spark of the Divine » 83. « This is the traveller between
birth and death and between death and birth, our nature parts are
only its manifold and changing vesture » 84. In our human nature it
supports the mind, life and body, « standing behind the mental, the
vital, the subtle-physical being in us and watching and profiting by
their development and experience » 8S. Its mission is to lead man in
the Ignorance to the light of the divine Consciousness
A dynamic aspect of the Divine, the psychic being represents the
Spirit’s involved dimension. It did not appear in the beginning as a
full-fledged psychic entity, but only as a lower form of material
being. As Aurobindo states: « There is no body without soul, no body
that is not itself a form of soul: Matter itself is substance and power
of Spirit and could not exist if it were anything else, for nothing can
exist which is not substance and power of Brahman; and if Matter,
then still more clearly and certainly Life and Mind must be that and
ensouled by the presence of the Spirit » s7. In each stage of the evo
lutionary manifestation the soul puts forward a corresponding aspect:
in the material plane it is the true physical being, in the vital plane
the true vital being and in the mental plane the true psychic being.
Aurobindo says: « The psychic being is the spark growing into a Fire,
evolving with the growth of the consciousness. The psychic being is
therefore evolutionary... » 88.
As the principle of individuality, the psychic entity leads and
guides the individual evolution. Its actual nature as soul of man does
s2 E.Git., p. 149.
83 L.D., I, p. 225.
84 Ibid.
85 Ibid.
86 Ibid., p. 226.
87 L.D., II, p. 761.
not constitute its final and permanent formation. « It was a lesser

manifestation than the human in its past, it can become something
much greater than mental man in its future. And when this soul rises
above all ignorant limitation, then it puts on its divine nature of
which its humanity is only a temporary veil, a thing of partial and
incomplete significance» 89. In the slow process of evolution the
psychic being itself will be identified with the Jivatman. « When there
is full consciousness, the Jivatman and the psychic being join to
gether » 90, says Aurobindo. Then it realizes its true individuality with
out losing sight of its universality and transcendance.
II. The Doctrine of Rebirth

The essential aspect of evolution, according to Aurobindo, is the
progressive unfolding of consciousness or the gradual manifestation
of the individual soul. The physical evolution is only an instrument
for such an unfolding. This truth was not so evident in the lower
stages: there the physical factors obscured the hidden working of
the conscious element, the soul-reality. Only with the emergence of
man did this truth become apparent. In man too the soul-evolution
is an on-going process, until it will culminate in the full manifestation
of the Spirit. Aurobindo sets the doctrine of rebirth against this back
ground. Rebirth, according to him, is an indispensable machinery for
realizing such a finality. He says: « Each grade of cosmic manifesta
tion, each type of form that can house the indwelling Spirit, is turned
by rebirth into a means for the individual soul, the psychic entiy, to
manifest more and more of its concealed consciousness: each life
becomes a step in a victory over Matter by a greater progression of
consciousness in it which shall make eventually Matter itself a means
for the full manifestation of the Spirit »91.
Accordingly rebirth92 occupies a central position in the whole
question of individual evolution or soul evolution. We need, therefore,
turn our attention to the theory of rebirth and highlight its nature
and implications.
It is well known that rebirth is one of the cardinal « dogmas » of
the Indian religio-philosophical systems. Not only do the Hindus, but
89 E.Git., p. 431.
»1 L.D., II, p. 826.
92 Though the terms « transmigration », « metempsychosis », « reincarnation »
and « rebirth » are usually taken for synonyms, Aurobindo prefers « rebirth »
as it renders better the sense and essence of the Sanskrit term punarjanma
(Cfr. The Problem of Rebirth, p. 9).
the Buddhists and Jains too accept it as part and parcel of their tra
dition. As a matter of fact Buddhism and Jainism inherited this doc
trine from Hinduism.
The rebirth, as it is generally understood, is the process by which
the soul reincarnates in another living body after the death of the
previous one. The nature and fortunes of the new incarnation are not
determined arbitrarily, but almost automatically by the law of karma
according to which to each one is meted out a retribution correspond
ing exactly to the merits and demerits of one’s past actions: as one
sows, so one reaps93.
The ancient scriptures of the Hindus speak of rebirth in very
clear terms. For instance, as Candogya Upanishad expresses it:
« Those who are of pleasant conduct here — the prospect is indeed
that they will enter a pleasant womb, either the womb of a Brahmina,
or the womb of a Kshatriya or the womb of a Vaisya. But those who
are of stinking conduct here — the prospect is indeed that they will
enter a stinking womb, either the womb of a dog, or the womb of
a swine, or the womb of an outcaste » 94.
Aurobindo accepts the spirit of this scriptural teaching and af
firms that rebirth and karma are so intimately related that dispens
ing with the latter the former would become a chaotic process. « If
we believe that the soul is repeatedly reborn in the body, we must
believe also that there is some link between the lives that preceded
and the lives that follow and that the past of the soul has an effect
on the future; and that is the spiritual essence of the law of karma.
To deny it would be to establish a reign of the most chaotic incohe
rence »95.
He, however, points out some defects in the traditional view of
rebirth and karma. First of all, laying too much emphasis on the
individual aspect of the purification of the soul, the traditional theory
loses sight of the role of the individual in the universal evolution.
« The old idea of rebirth », he says, « errs ... by an excessive indivi
dualism. Too self-centered, it treated one’s rebirth and karma as too
much one's own single affair, a sharply separate movement in the
93 For a detailed study of the doctrine of rebirth in Hindu tradition, cfr.

P. D eu sse n , The Philosophy of the Upanishads, New York 1966, pp. 313-361; S.
R adhakrishnan , The Brahma Sutra, London 1971, pp. 183-207; D . A charuparam bil ,
Induismo: vita e pensiero, Roma 1976, pp. 199-213.
94 Chandogya Up., 5, 10, 7; In the Kaushitaki Up. we read: «Either as a
worm or as a moth or as a fish or as a bird or as a lion or as a wild boar
or as a snake or as a tiger or as a person or as some other in this or that con
dition he is born again here according to his deeds, according to his know
ledge » (1, 2).
95 The Problem of Rebirth, p. 113.
whole ... »96. Secondly, trying to combine the idea of a life beyond with
the notion of rebirth, it supposes a double retribution: « for the sinner
is first tortured in hell and afterwards afflicted for the same sins in
another life here, and the righteous or the puritan is rewarded with
celestial joys and afterwards again pampered for the same virtues
and good deeds in a new terrestrial existence»97. And he remarks:
« This looks a little superfluous and a rather redundant justice » 98.
Thirdly, the whole process is seen to be governed by a crude and
mechanical ethical ideal. Put in his words: « The ordinary current
concept of law of karma is dominantly ethical, but ethical in no very
exalted kind. Its idea of karma is a mechanical and materialistic
ethics, a crudely exact legal judgement and administration of reward
and punishment, an external sanction to virtue and prohibition of
sin, a code, a balance » ". Aurobindo finds this derogatory to the very
nature of our being. « If the fundamental truth of our being is spiri
tual and not mechanical, it must be ourself, our soul that funda
mentally determines its own evolution, and the law of Karma can
only be one of the processes it uses for that purpose » 10°. He observes
further: « It is not conceivable that the Spirit within is an automa
tion in the hands of karma, a slave in this life of its past actions; the
truth must be less rigid and more plastic. If a certain amount of
results of past karma is formulated in the present life, it must be
with the consent of the psychic being which presides over the new
formation of its earth experience... » 101.
Consequently Aurobindo is not satisfied with the traditional in
terpretation of the theory of rebirth. Instead he incorporates it orga
nically into his basic vision of the involution-evolution process of the
Spirit. For him « the true foundation of the theory of rebirth is the
evolution of the soul, or rather its efflorescence out of the veil of
Matter and its gradual self-finding » 102. For this purpose rebirth is not
just a possibility, but a necessity. « Rebirth is an indispensable ma
chinery for the working out of a spiritual evolution; it is the only
« Ibid., p. 121.
97 L.D., II, p. 805; see also The Problem of Rebirth, pp. 124-125.
99 Ibid., p. 123.
L.D., II, p. 808.
101 Ibid; « The law of Karma can be no rigid and mechanical canon or
rough practical rule of thumb, but rather its guiding principle should be as
supple a harmonist as the Spirit itself whose will of self-knowledge it embo
dies and should adapt itself to the need of self-development of the variable
individual souls who are feeling their way along its lines towards the right
balance, synthesis, harmonies of their action» (The Problem of Rebirth, p. 123).
62 d An ie l Ac h Ar u p a r a m b il
possible effective condition, the obvious dynamic process of such a

manifestation in the material universe » 1(B.
The individual soul was not born in the human condition all of
a sudden. Our author maintains on this point, that « human birth is
a term at which the soul must arrive in a long succession of rebirths
and that it has had for its previous and preparatory terms in the
succession the lower forms of life upon earth » 104. The human soul did
not begin its earthly pilgrimage when human beings began to people
the face of the earth; « he must have presided over a soul-experience
in the lower forms of life before he took up the human evolution » 105.
He is believed to have assumed previously the plant and animal
forms. By means of such experiences and slow process of develop
ment the soul has now manifested itself in the human condition. But
the actual mental humanity too is only a transitory stage; this too is
to be outlived. « The soul is not bound by the formula of mental
humanity: it did not begin with that, and will not end with it; it had
a pre-human past, it has a super-human future » 106.
A question now presents itself: whether the soul, having once
arrived at humanity, can be reborn in infrahuman condition? The
scriptural statements and the popular belief support this view. But
Aurobindo is reluctant to endorse it fully on the basis that man is a
very decisive step in the whole process of evolution and hence it
would be frustrating the entire purpose of the process if any consi
derable number of humans were to go back to subhuman conditions 107.
He does not however exclude altogether the possibility of individual
cases of such a retrogression, especially in the case of those who
are not developed enough to retain their human character. « The
movement of Nature is always sufficiently complex for us not to deny
dogmatically such a possibility » 108. « All the secret of the circumstan
ces of rebirth centres around the one capital need of the soul, the
need of growth, the need of experience; that governs the line of its
evolution and all the rest is accessory » 109.
Now, why should there be succession of births in human form?
103 L.D., II, pp. 754-755.

104 Ibid., p. 761.
105 Ibid., p. 760; « We can only get away from this necessity of an animal
past by denying all soul to sub-human nature. But this denial is only one of
the blind, hasty and presumptuous isolations of the human mind which, shut
up in its own prison of separate self-perception, refuses to see its kinship
with the rest of natural being » (The Problem of Rebirth, p. 63).
106 L.D., II, pp. 760-761.
lot Cfr. Ibid., p. 762.
108 Ibid..
i® Ibid., p. 815.
THE DESTINY OF MAM
The answer is that « the soul has not finished what it has to do by
merely developing into humanity; it has still to develop that humanity
into its higher possibilities » no. « It is evident that in one life we do
not and cannot labour out and exhaust all the values and powers of
that life, but only carry on a past thread, weave out something in the
present, prepare infinitely more for the future » m. Neither the pri
mitive man in the forest, nor the ignorant peasant engrossed in a
hand-to-mouth life, nor the so-called cultured modern man immersed
in the pleasures of life have exhausted the necessity of a human birth,
have developed all its possibilities, have realized the whole meaning
of human condition. Not even a Plato or a Shankara marks the crown
of human development. May be one is apt to suppose that people like
them represent the highest point of human possibilities. Aurobindo,
therefore, claims that « this present highest point at least must be
reached before we can write finis on the recurrence of the human
birth for the individual » "2.
Thus viewed from the perspective of the evolutionary thought of
Sri Aurobindo, rebirth becomes a necessary, an inevitable logical
conclusion. As he puts it: « Rebirth is self-evidently a necessary part,
the sole possible machinery of such an evolution. It is as necessary
as birth itself; for without it birth would be an initial step without
a sequel, the starting of a journey without its further steps and
arrival. It is rebirth that gives to the birth of an incomplete being
in a body its promise of completeness and its spiritual significan
ce » 113.
no Ibid., p. 762.
in The Problem of Rebirth, p. 115.
112 L.D., U, p. 763.
H2 Ibid., p. 764; In regard to the post-mortal state of the soul and the
process of its subsequent rebirth Aurobindo hazards the following account:
« The soul takes birth each time, and each time a mind, life and body are
formed out of the materials of universal Nature according to the soul’s past
evolution and its need for the future.
« When the body is dissolved, the vital goes into the vital plane and remains
there for a time, but after a time the vital sheath disappears. The last to dis
solve is the mental sheath. Finally, the soul or psychic being retires into the
psychic world to rest there till a new birth is close.
« This is the general course for ordinarily developed human beings. There
are variations according to the nature of the individual and his development.
For example, if the mental is strongly developed, then the mental being can
remain; so also can the vital, provided they are organised by and centred around
the true psychic being; they share the immortality of the psychic.
« The soul gathers the essential elements of its experiences in life and
makes that its basis of growth in the evolution; when it returns to birth it
takes up with its mental, vital, physical sheaths so much of its Karma as is
useful to it in the new life for further experience» (Lights on Yoga, p. 17).
III. Man, the Mental Being

« It is Self that is the man; or, if we regard only our normal
surface existence, Mind is the man, — for man is the mental being » U4,
says Aurobindo. Though a dominant principle in the present state of
man, the mind reached its actual perfection only after passing through
various stages of development. Aurobindo distinguishes three main
grades in the process: physical mind, vital mind and thinking mind.
The first to appear was a physical mind or a physical man who
attached the most importance to his own material and physical exist
ence, to his external life and to the objective things of the world
around him. He was little attuned to the subjective and internal di
mensions of his being, not to say anything of the transcendent. « The
physical mind takes its stand on matter and the material world, on
the body and the bodily life, on sense-experience and on a normal
practical mentality and its experience » U5. It is just and right that
it should be so, thinks Aurobindo. « It is inevitable that the human
being should thus take his first stand on Matter and give the external
fact and external existence its due importance; for this is Nature’s
first provision for our existence, on which she insists greatly » U6. By
this means Nature ensures the safety, integrity and well-being of
our physical existence.
But the mental being cannot remain always at this lowest rung
of the evolutionary ladder. It ascends further and there emerges the
vital mind or life-mind. Unlike the physical mind « it is not satisfied
with the physical and objective only, but seeks too a subjective, an
imaginative, a purely emotive satisfaction and pleasure» m. «It
attaches immense importance to the satisfaction and fulfilment of the
life-being, the life-force, the vital nature; it looks on physical existence
as a field for the life-impulses’ self-fulfilment...» 118. The man in this
vital mentality is said to be « the man of desire and sensation, the
man of force and action, the man of passion and emotion, the kinetic
individual » 119. His mental life is often enslaved to the vital force
and its desires and passions, and it is these he mostly seeks to satisfy
through the mind. But being highly dynamic, it is a great force in
the working of the evolutionary Nature.
The evolution, then, takes the next step and arrives at the thinking
11« L.D., I, p. 502.

ns L.D., II, p. 717.
us Ibid., p. 718.
117 L.D., I, p. 414.
ns L.D., II, p. 718.
11« Ibid., p. 719.
mind, the intelligent mind, the mental man to whom the things of
the mental world are the most important realities. « Those who are
under its influence, the philosopher, thinker, scientist, intellectual
creator, the man of the idea, the man of the written or spoken word,
the idealist and dreamer are the present mental being at his highest
attained summit » I20. In the initial stages of his emergence the mental
man would feel in himself the weight of the discordant exigencies of
the lower physical and vital being; only in a more complete develop
ment will he be able to control and subject them and attune them
to the higher mental nature. Such a mental man, according to Auro-
bindo, « is the normal summit of Nature’s evolutionary formation on
the human plane » 121.
These three degrees of mind, observes Aurobindo, are most often
found to coexist in our present composition. But from the point of
view of Nature’s evolution they are significant steps in the develop
ment of the mind towards self-fulfilment.
Though mind is the « highest of the three lower principles which
constitute our human existence » m, yet it is « not the highest possi
ble power of consciousness » 123. It is not a possessor of Truth but
only a seeker of Truth; and it cannot arrive at the full Truth but
only at partial truths. « Beyond mind is a supramental or gnostic
power of consciousness that is in eternal possession of Truth » m.
« The utmost mission of Mind is to train our obscure consciousness
which has emerged out of the dark prison of Matter, to enlighten its
blind instincts, random intuitions, vague perceptions till it shall be
come capable of this greater light and this higher ascension » 12S. That
is why Aurobindo declares: « Mind is a passage, not a culmination » 126.
« Mind is a clumsy interlude between Nature’s vast and precise sub
conscient action and the vaster infallible superconscient action of
the Godhead » 127.
Mind is seen as a faculty of partial and imperfect knowledge
which normally is conditioned by the intervention of sensation, per
120 Ibid.
121 Ibid., p. 720.
122 L.D., I, p. 172; The term Mind ordinarily used to signify the whole of
human consciousness, is employed by Aurobindo « to connote specially the part
of the nature which has to do with cognition and intelligence, with ideas, with
mental or thought perceptions, the reactions of thought to things, with the
truly mental movements and formations, mental vision and will, etc., that are
part of his intelligence » (Lights on Yoga, p. 12); Mind is the totality of « the
life of thought, feeling, will, conscious impulsion » (L.D., I, p. 46).
124 Ibid.
125 L.D., I, pp. 127-128.
1“ Ibid., p. 128.
ception, imagination, memory, ideation and so on. It is therefore an

indirect means of cognition. Here is a description of the limitations
of mental knowledge: « Its highest knowledge is often abstract,
lacking in concrete grasp; it has to use expedients and unsure means
of arrival, to rely upon reasoning, argumentation and debate, infe
rences, divinations, set methods of inductive or deductive logic, suc
ceeding only if it is given correct and complete data and even then
liable to reach on the same data different results and varying conse
quences » 128.
All the defects and imperfections of the mental knowledge spring,
maintains Aurobindo, from one fundamental limitation to which mind
is subject, namely Ignorance. He goes to the extent of declaring that
« the very nature of our mind is Ignorance » I29. He hastens to clarify
what he means by Ignorance: « not an absolute nescience, but a
limited and conditioned knowledge of being, limited by a realization
of its present, a memory of its past, an inference of its future, condi
tioned therefore by a temporal and successive view of itself and its
experience » 13°.
Aurobindo distinguishes in the mind a sevenfold ignorance: the
original, the cosmic, the egoistic, the temporal, the psychological, the
constitutional and the practical ignorance !31.
a) Original ignorance: We are ignorant of the true nature of
the Absolute which is the source of all being and becoming; we
consider some partial aspect of It as the whole truth.
b) Cosmic ignorance: We are ignorant of the spaceless, timeless,
impersonal, immutable Self, and we consider the phenomenal universe
as the whole of existence.
c) Egoistic ignorance: We are ignorant of our universal Self
and our unity with all beings and consider the ego as our true self,
thus isolating ourselves from the rest of the reality.
d) Temporal ignorance: We think of ourselves exclusively in
terms of our present life and body, forgetful of our past existences
and future becoming.
e) Psychological ignorance: Even in the present brief existence
we are normally aware only of our surface being and are ignorant
of the whole gamut of the subconscient and superconscient spheres
of our being.
128 S r i A urobindo, The Supramental Manifestation upon Earth, Pondicherry

1973, p. 83.
1» L.D., I, p. 504.
130 Ibid., pp. 504-505.
»I Cfr. L.D., II, pp. 654-655.
THE DESTINY of MAN 6?
/) Constitutional ignorance: We regard the mind or life or body

or all the three as the whole account of what we are, losing sight
of the indwelling Spirit which constitutes them.
g) Practical ignorance: As a result of all these in practical life,
we wander in a maze of errors and desires, sin and stumbling, pain
and pleasure and fail to adapt ourselves to the exigenciaes of cir
cumstances.
Ignorance, however, is only a stage in the evolution, and know
ledge is its culmination. Man, therefore, is not doomed to remain
always in this many-sided ignorance, but is destined to be transformed
into a many-sided and integral Knowledge through a higher evolution.
An integral knowledge, according to Aurobindo, is a « knowledge of
the truth of all sides of existence both separately and in the relation
of each to all and the relation of all to the truth of the Spirit » 133. To
be noted however that, « this is not an intellectual knowledge which
can be learned and completed in our present mould of consciousness;
it must be an experience, a becoming, a change of consciousness, a
change of being » 133. « The integral knowledge, then, can only come
by an evolution of our being » 134.
C ) T h e h ig h e r e v o l u t io n a r y d e s t in y o f m a n
Though the physical and external aspects of evolution easily

commands attention, the essential feature of evolution, according to
Aurobindo, is the internal change, the change of consciousness. « In
the inner reality of things a change of consciousness was always the
major fact, the evolution has always had a spiritual significance and
the physical change was only instrumental » 135. In the stages that
preceded man this was not so evident because the dense inconscience
of matter was not sufficiently attuned to the light of the Spirit and
so it gave the impression that it was physical changes which deter
mined internal transformations. But once this imbalance has been
set aright in man, it is the internal evolution that brings about the
necessary extenal changes; « the consciousness itself by its mutation
will necessitate and operate whatever mutation is needed for the
body » 136.
U2 Ibid., p. 653.
133 Ibid., p. 655.
134 Ibid.
135 Ibid, p. 844.
136 Ibid.
The next major step which Aurobindo envisages in the evolution

of man is the realization of Supramental consciousness with the
corresponding transformations in his physical being. But our author
finds that the gulf that separates the actual mental man from the
Supermind is so enormous that without some intermediary stages
the transition from the one to the other is simply impossible. He
bridges the gulf by postulating a triple transformation: psychic, spi
ritual, and then supramental. To put it in his own words: « There
must first be the psychic change, the conversion of our whole present
nature into a soul-instrumentation; on that or along with that there
must be a spiritual change, the descent of a higher Light, Knowledge,
Power, Force, Bliss, Purity into the whole being, even into the lowest
recesses of the life and body, even into the darkness of our subcon
science; last, there must supervene the supramental transformation,
— there must take place as the crowning movement the ascent into
the Supermind and the transforming descent of the supramental
consciousness into our entire being and nature » 137.
I. The Psychic Transformation

One of the strange paradoxes of ordinary human existence is
that, though the psychic entity, the soul, constitutes the essential
part of man’s personality, he is very seldom aware of it. While the
other parts of our natural composition are mutable and perishable,
« the psychic entity in us persists and is fundamentally the same
always » 138. In fact, « the soul, the permanent being in us, puts forth
and uses mind, life and body as its instruments » 139. But the ordinary
experience is that, « this being stands back and in most human na
tures is only the secret witness or, one might say, a constitutional
ruler who allows his ministers to rule for him, delegates to them
his empire, silently assents to their decisions and only now and then
puts in a word which they can at any moment override and act
otherwise » 14°.
The first step towards a higher transformation is to rectify this
state of affairs, to remove the veil that hides the psychic being and
let its light flood the whole of our surface being, body, life and mind.
The true harmony, equilibrium and integration of the discordant
elements that constitute human nature can be had only when the
»37 Ibid., p. 891.

138 Ibid.
139 Ibid., p. 892.
140 Ibid., p. 900.
inner reality emerges strong enough to assert itself and control the
whole being; « it is by the coming forward of this true monarch and
his taking up of the reins of government that there can take place
a real harmonization of our being and our life » 141.
This means that the consciousness has to shift its centre from
the surface to the inner being; from there must spring all our thought,
life and action. Aurobindo warns that this is not an easy task because
of the instinctive opposition from the surface and subconscious na
ture which cling to the accustomed poise and externalised ways. A
strenuous effort of self-discipline, self-purification and introspection
would considerably facilitate the process. « As the crust of the outer
nature cracks, as the walls of inner separation break down, the inner
light gets through ... The soul, the psychic entity, then manifests
itself as the central being which upholds mind and life and body and
supports all the other powers and functions of the Spirit; it takes up
its greater function as the guide and ruler of nature » 143.
A perfectly luminous and an ever-pure flame of the divinity143,
the psychic entity is the most reliable guide of nature, because truth
is its only criterion. Guiding from within, it will expose every move
ment to the light of Truth, repel what is false, obscure or opposed
to the divine realization 144. A further result of such a psychic change
will be a free inflow of all kinds of spiritual experiences; experience
of the Self and the divine Reality, experience of cosmic consciousness
and a direct touch with cosmic forces, a psychic sympathy and inner
communication with other beings, illuminations of the mind by
knowledge, illuminations of the heart by love and devotion, illumina
tions of the sense and the body by higher experience, and so forth145.
II. The Spiritual Transformation

« Although the psychic transformation is one necessary condition
of the total transformation of our existence, it is not all that is need
ed ... but another, a spiritual transformation from above is needed
for us to possess our self in its universality and transcendence » 14i.
The spiritual transformation takes up the psychic transformation to
complete it. While the latter is an inward movement, the former is a
141 Ibid.
1« Ibid., p. 907.
1« Cfr. ibid., p. 891.
1« Cfr. ibid., p. 907.
i« Ibid., pp. 908-909.
1« L.D., I, p. 227.
movement upward. « The psychic movement inward to the inner

being, the Self or Divinity within us, must be completed by an open
ing upward to the supreme spiritual status or a higher existence » 147.
This is an opening of ourselves to the real Self, the self-luminous
Spirit, which is beyond all the psycho-physical adjuncts.
The spiritual transformation can take place even before the psy
chic change is complete, as a result of an inner subliminal and sustain
ed aspiration or by a special intervention of the Spirit, « the touch
of the Divine Being » 148. What happens in consequence is a rising up
towards the Infinity above us or a descent of its powers into our
being. We begin to experience « an eternal Presence or an infinite
Existence, an infinity of Consciousness, an infinity of Bliss, - a bound
less Light, a boundless Power, a boundless Ecstasy » 149.
In the beginning, because of the imperfections of the lower na
ture, such experiences may be sporadic and short-lived. As the mind
ascends by degrees into higher planes and the other lower constituents
become more and more purified, the Spirit reveals itself all the better.
For the full spiritual transformation we need « a permanent ascension
from the lower into the higher consciousness and an effectual per
manent descent of the higher into the lower nature » ,5°. It will be a
veritable invasion by the Spirit of all spheres of our being result
ing in the raising of their level altogether. « A light and power, a know
ledge and force are felt which first take possession of the mind and
remould it, afterwards the life-part and remould that, finally of the
little physical consciousness and leave it no longer little but wide
and plastic and even infinite » 151.
Such changes bring about an abiding spiritual sense and an awa
reness of the eternal Reality everywhere; a constant joy and peace
of the Infinite become a concrete experience. « In all sights and forms
one sees the Eternal, the Reality, in all sounds one hears it, in all
touches feels it; there is nothing else but its forms and personalities
and manifestations; the joy or adoration of the heart, the embrace of
all existence, the unity of the spirit are abiding realities » 152.
This is not all: there are yet other changes to be effected and
stages to be traversed before supramental transformation can take
place.
1« L.D., II, p. 910.

i"8 Ibid.
i« Ibid., p. 911.
im Ibid., p. 912.
151 Ibid., p. 913.
152 Ibid., pp. 913-914
III. Further Preparations for the Supramental Transformation

The spiritual transformation paves the way for the highest stage
in the process, — the supramental transformation. « As the psychic
change has to call in the spiritual to complete it, so the first spiritual
change has to call in the supramental transformation to complete
it » 153. This is a thorough transformation of the whole nature through
the intervention of the supramental Power. All the stages that pre
cede it are only transitional; they prepare the nature for this final
flowering. « The Truth-Consciousness, finding evolutionary Nature
ready, has to descend into her and enable her to liberate the supra
mental principle within her; so must be created the supramental and
spiritual being as the first unveiled manifestation of the truth of the
Self and Spirit in the material universe » I54.
Aurobindo insistently underlines that the Supramental Force will
act directly on the nature only when it is fully ready to receive such
an action; the Supermind does not admit of any premature descent.
The reason is that « there is too great a disparity between the power
of the supreme Force and the capacity of the ordinary nature; the
inferior nature would either be unable to bear or, bearing, unable
to respond and receive or, receiving, unable to assimilate » 15S. Till
the nature is ready the supramental Force will act indirectly, making
it to develop gradually through some other intermediary stages. Evo
lution takes a new decisive step only after the previous main step
has been sufficiently confirmed. « This law of Natura’s procedure »,
says Aurobindo, « brings in the necessity of a gradation in the last
transitional process, a climbing of degrees, an unfolding of higher
and higher states that lead us from the spiritualised mind to Su
permind, — a steep passage that could not de accomplished other
wise » 156.
In this development prior to the supramental manifestation Au
robindo visualises four gradations. « These gradations may be sum
marily described as a series of sublimations of the consciousness
through Higher Mind, Illumined Mind and Intuition into Overmind
and beyond it; there is a succession of self-transmutations at the
summit of which lies the Supermind or Divine Gnosis » 157.
153 Ibid., pp. 917-918.

1« Ibid., p. 918.
155 Ibid., p. 931.
1» Ibid., p. 932.
157 Ibid., p. 938 (emphasis mine); « All the works of mind and intellect must
be first heightened and widened, then illumined, lifted into the domain of a
higher Intelligence, afterwards translated into workings of a greater non-mental
1. Higher Mind
The first notable step out of our human condition towards the
supramental status is called the Higher Mind. Unlike our ordinary
mind which is only a half-light, a mixture of light and darkness, this
Higher Mind is full of the clarity of the Spirit. « Its special character,
its activity of consciousness are dominated by Thought; it is a lumi
nous thought-mind, a mind of Spirit-born conceptual knowledge » 15S.
This Thought opens the flood-gates of spontaneous knowledge, and as
such has a different character from the process of thought to which
we are normally accustomed; for there is nothing here of seeking,
no trace of mental construction, no labour of speculation or difficult
discovery159.
The Higher Mind is in possession of Truth and its knowledge is
an automatic and spontaneous manifestation of it. While the ordinary
mind has to depend for its knowledge on sense-experience, ratioci
nation, induction, deduction, and so on, « in this greater Thought
there is no need of a seeking and a self-critical ratiocination, no lo
gical motion step by step towards a conclusion, no mechanism of
express or implied deduction and inferences, no building or deliberate
concatenation of idea with idea in order to arrive at an ordered sum
or outcome of knowledge » 16°. « This Higher Consciousness is a Know
ledge formulating itself on a basis of self- existent all-awareness and
manifesting some part of its integrity, a harmony of its significances
put into thought-form » 161. « This thought is a self-revelation of eternal
Wisdom, not an acquired knowledge » 162.
The Higher Mind is also possessed of a power of dynamic ef
fectuation, an aspect of will, through which it seeks to purify the
lower strata of our being and to eliminate all the obstacles, — igno
rance, inconscience, inertia, — that stand in the way of a higher trans
formation. Aurobindo observes that the Higher Mind by itself is not
powerful enough to sweep out all the impediments of our lower na
ture and create the gnostic being; it can, however, bring about a
first change that will capacitate a higher ascent and an integral
transformation.
Intuition, then again transformed into the dynamic outpourings of the Overmind
radiance, and these transfigured into the full light and sovereignty of the
supramental Gnosis » (S.Y., p. 139).
158 L.D., II, p. 939.
iss Cfr. L.D., I, p. 277.
i«> L.D., II, p. 940.
loi Ibid.,
188 Ibid.
2. Illumined Mind
The next step in the upward march of evolution is the Illumined
Mind, « a Mind no longer of higher Thought, but of spiritual light » 163.
It renders our inner being radiant with an intense lustre, a splendour
and illumination of the Spirit. « A play of lightnings of spiritual truth
and power breaks from above into the consciousness... » 164. In this
phase thought and ideas are relegated to a secondary position, while
they are dominant in the previous one. « The Illumined Mind does
not work primarily by thought but by vision; thought is here only
a subordinate movement expressive of sight » l65. Normally man who
relies mostly on thought for his ideas and theories, conceives that
to be the highest process of knowledge. But Aurobindo reminds us that
« in the spiritual order thought is a secondary and a not indispensable
process » I66. « Thought », he says, « creates a representative image of
Truth; it offers that to the mind as a means of holding Truth and
making it an object of knowledge; but the body iteself of Truth is
caught and exactly held in the sunlight of a deeper spiritual
sight... » 167. Accordingly, while the Higher Mind creates a thinker, a
sage, the Illumined Mind creates a mystic, a seer. But then, he re
marks: « A consciousness that proceeds by sight, the consciousness of
the seer, is a greater power for knowledge than the consciousness of
the thinker » 16S.
The power of the Illumined Mind to bring about an integral trans
formation and a higher evolution of our nature is greater than that
of the Higher Mind. It can break to an extent and remould the lower
layers of our being. Still it is not powerful enough to attune them to
the supramental realization. The human nature remains still too
defective to be raised to the level of the supermind by the light and
vision, dynamic though they are, of the Illumined Mind. The evolutio
nary nature, therefore, makes a further ascent, to a higher spiritual
plane called Intuition.
3. Intuition
Though the term « intuition » is used generally to indicate any
kind of supra-intellectual direct way of knowing, this, according to
Aurobindo, is only a partial glimpse or a passing action of the self-
im Ibid., p. 944.
im Ibid.
1« Ibid.
1« Ibid., p. 945.
1« Ibid.
16« Ibid.
existent knowledge which is the reality of Intuition, It has a « greater

power of the Truth-Force, an intimate and exact Truth-vision, Truth-
thought, Truth-sense, Truth-feeling, Truth-action » than the Illumined
M ind169.
Intuition is a knowledge by identity. In ordinary mental know
ledge a distinction exists between the knower, the knowledge and the
known. « Even when I regard myself mentally, I have still to make
this distinction. I am, as the knower; what I observe in myself, I re
gard as the object of my knowledge, myself yet not myself; knowledge
is an operation by which I link the knower to the known » 170. This
distinction is surpassed in intuition. « The foundation of intuitional
knowledge is conscious or effective identity between that which knows
and that which is known; it is that state of common self-existence in
which the knower and the known are one through knowledge »m. With
regard to the origin in us of intuitive knowledge Aurobindo says:
« It is when the consciousness of the subject meets with the conscious
ness in the object, penetrates it and sees, feels or vibrates with the
truth of what it contacts, that the intuition leaps out like a spark of
lightning-flash from the shock of the meeting... » m.
The human mind might often experience glimpses of intuition, but
it is always conditioned and contaminated by the imperfections of
the mental stuff. « A pure intuition is a rare occurrence in our mental
activity » 173. At present the power of intuition acts in us only in a
covert manner, veiled by the action of mind and reason. It emerges
occasionally and fragmentarily; it casts a sudden light, it makes a
luminous suggestion or inspiration, it scatters a small number of
isolated or related brilliant ideas. The mental power immediately lays
hold on them, manipulates and utilizes them in their own way, often
altering their truth in the process and always limiting their potential
force.
True intuition is not obtained by the normal indirect means of
knowledge which needs the mediation of sensation, perception, idea
tion, and so on. « The true intuition proceeds from the self-existent
truth of things and is secured by that self-existent truth » m. The
ordinary mind « seeking in the darkness or at most by its own
unsteady torch-light, first, sees things only as they are presented in
that light and, secondly, where it does not know, constructs by ima
L.D., I, p. 258.
no Ibid., p. 137.
171 Ibid., p. 65.
172 L.D., II, p. 946.
173 L.D., I, p. 274.
174 S.Y., p. 460.
gination, by uncertain inference, by others of its aids and makeshifts,

things which it readily takes for truth, ... deceptive anticipators, pos
sibilities and probabilities which do duty for certitudes » 175. Intuitive
mind, on the contrary « constructs nothing in this artificial fashion,
but makes itself a receiver of the light and allows the truth to ma
nifest in it and organise its own constructions » 176. But so long as
there is a mixed action, and the mental constructions and imagina
tions are allowed to operate, this passivity of the intuitive mind to
the higher light, to the light of the truth, cannot be complete and
secure. In such cases the intuition can intervene only as sporadic
lightning flashes that illumine some aspect of the truth, not the
whole of it. But true intuition, being an almost direct projection of
the self-manifesting light of the omniscient Spirit in human conscious
ness, is beyond such limitations iTJ.
« The highest intuitive knowledge », says Aurobindo, « sees things
in the whole, in the large, and details only as sides of the indivisible
whole: its tendency is towards immediate synthesis and the unity
of knowledge » l78. In contrast to this, the ordinary mental knowledge
and reason, he points out, proceed by analysis and division and
assemble the facts to form a whole: « but in the assemblage so form
ed there are opposites, anomalies, logical incompatibilities, and the
natural tendency of Reason is to affirm some and to negate others
which conflict with its chosen conclusions so that it may form a
flawlessly logical system » m.
As the ordinary intellect has to construct its theories and con
clusions with difficulty out of the unknown from signs and indications
and gathered data, their validity is not self-evident; it will depend
rather on a subsequent verification or support from the evidence of
other rational conceptions. « True intuition, on the contrary, carries
in itself its own guarantee of truth; it is sure and infallible within its
limit. And so long as it is pure intuition and does not admit into
itself any mixture of sense-error or intellectual ideation, it is never
contradicted by experience » 18°. That is why Aurobindo declares: « In
tuition is as strong as Nature herself from whose very soul it has
sprung and cares nothing for the contradictions of reason or the
denials of experience. It knows what is because it is ...» 181.
i” ¡bid., p. 866.
«6 Ibid.
m Cfr. ibid., p. 865.
178 L.D., I, pp. 69-70.
179 Ibid., p. 70.
iso S.Y., p. 459.
181 L.D., I, p. 67.
Aurobindo distinguishes a fourfold power in Intuition: « A power

of revelatory truth-seeing, a power of inspiration or truth-hearing, a
power of truth-touch or immediate seizing of significance, which is
akin to the ordinary nature of its intervention in our mental intelli
gence, a power of true and automatic discrimination of the orderly
and exact relation of truth to truth » m. Owing to these potentialities
it is capable of performing all the functions of reason and intelli
gence but with greater efficiency and security because it has a greater
influence over all the powers and faculties of our being.
Still Aurobindo points out that Intuition does not have enough
power to bring about a total integration of the human nature. It is
only a ray of the Supermind and as such is only a transitional stage
before the full light of the Supermind reveals itself. Intuition is al
ways hampered in its task by the basic defects of our lower nature.
« The intuitive mentality is still mind and not gnosis. It is indeed a
light from the Supermind, but modified and diminished by the stuff
of mind in which it works, and stuff of mind means always a basis
of ignorance » 183. Hence it has to open itself to a still higher ascent.
4. Overmind
Th next step of the ascent brings us to what Aurobindo calls
Overmind, to which Intuition is only an introduction. Overmind is
a power of cosmic consciousness or a principle of global knowledge
which is in close contact with the supramental consciousness m. This
description emphasises two specific aspects of its nature: its power
of cosmic consciousness on the one hand and, its relation to the
Supermind, on the other.
The first thing which the Overmind with its emergence realizes
is to complement the ascent so far reached. In the stages of Higher
Mind, Illumined Mind and Intuition, was brought about an intense
individual opening upwards, a vertical ascent towards the supreme
Light. The Overmind perfects this ascent by widening its horizon,
expanding its consciousness to the horizontal dimension in such a
way as to embrace the totality of reality. The sense of individuality
gives place to a sense of universality. As he puts it: « When the Over
mind descends, the predominance of the centralising ego-sense is
entirely subordinated, lost in largeness of being and finally abolished;
a wide cosmic perception and feeling of a boundless universal self and
182 L.D., II, p. 949.

183 S.Y., p. 778.
184 Cfr. L.D., II, p. 950.
Th e d e s t in y o f m a n 77
movement replaces it » 185. « It takes up all that is in the three steps

below it and raises their characteristic workings to their highest and
largest power, adding to them a universal wideness of consciousness
and force, a harmonious concert of knowledge, a more manifold
delight of being » I86. All experiences in the higher and lower spheres
of our being now assume a cosmic character. The Overmind carries
in itself a direct cognition of the cosmic truth and the fundamental
movements of cosmic Nature; it realizes clearly that « both the indi
vidual and the cosmos come from a transcendent Reality which takes
form in them » 187.
Overmind derives all these characteristics and expansion of
consciousness from its affinity with the Supermind. Aurobindo
calls it a « protective double », or a « delegate » of the Supermind 188,
or « a sort of inferior Supermind » 189. The Supermind transmits to
the Overmind all the powers it possesses so that it may prepare the
ignorant nature to manifest overtly the reality of the Supermind. A
stage closest to the Supermind in the evolutionary ascent, the Over
mind freely and efficaciously receives the higher powers of the
Supermind. But in the passage it is automatically attenuated precisely
because the Overmind is a lesser power than the Supermind. It does
not possess the integrality of truth and power which is proper to the
Supermind alone. « The integrality of the Supermind keeps always
the essential truth of things, the total truth and the truth of its
individual self-determinations clearly knit together; it maintains in
them an inseparable unity and between them a close interpenetra
tion and a free and full consciusness of each other: but in Overmind
this integrality is no longer there» 19°. Though it is aware of the
essential truth of things its vision is global, not integral; it sees the
essential harmony of the divergent and opposing aspects of the rea
lity; but there is not the absolute harmony of the Supermind.
From the point of view of evolution Overmind is the highest
stage attainable in the lower hemisphere. But it is not the final pos
sibility of the whole evolutionary manifestation of the Spirit. Now
the veil that separates the two hemispheres must be rent, the lower
one must take its final leap into the higher, the Overmind must find
its consummation in the Supermind. The Overmind, though it effects
great and valuable changes in the lower nature 191, yet « it cannot lead
185 Ibid.
i88 Ibid., p. 952.
187 L.D., I, p. 309.
188 Cfr. ibid., p. 278.
1» Ibid., p. 283.
i» Ibid., p. 279.
«I Cfr. L.D., II, p. 954.
78 D AN ltL a c iia rlp a ra m b tl
Mind beyond itself, and in this world of original Inconscience it can

not dynamise the Transcendence » 192.
And because of the downward pull and gravitation of the In
conscience, against which the Overmind has only limited power, evo
lution may even run the risk of a regression and disintegration. To
ward off such a tragedy and to assure a continuous progression of
evolution to transcendent levels there must intervene the Supermind
and bring about an integral supramental transformation of the whole
nature. « A last transition from Overmind to Supermind and a descent
of Supermind must therefore intervene at this stage of evolutionary
Nature » 193.
IV. Not a Rigid Scheme

Sri Aurobindo wisely warns against taking the above scheme of
evolution in a rigid and uniform fashion: evolution is too complex a
process to allow such a mathematical exactitude of gradations and
progression. He wants it to be understood only as an ideal account of
the spiritual transformation. It is a step by step development; and the
order of steps he has traced might be the one followed in many a case.
But with regard to its universal applicability Aurobindo claims only
this much: « This is so far correct that a sufficient integration of one
status has to be complete before an ascent to the next higher station
can be entirely secure » m. For the rest, there can be individual va
riations and consequent emergence of an abundant number of dif
ferent intermediate stages too.
The very complexity of the evolutionary nature would reject any
simple, clear-cut, successive stages in its course. The complexity of
human nature iteself is the foremost reason for the complexity of
its evolution. Even when the soul gallops in the way of spiritual
growth, the retinue of the lower nature may be lagging behind. That
the lower nature may not crumble beneath the strain, the soul will
have to descend on and off to lower levels in order to make sure of
their support and integration. Our author compares the whole pro
cess to an army advancing in columns which annexes new ground,
while the main body is still behind in a territory overrun but too
large to be effectively occupied, so that there has to be a frequent
Ibid., p. 953; « The highest heights of mind or of overmind come still

within the belt of a mitigated ignorance; they can refract a divine Light but
not pass it on in undiminished power to our lower members » (S.F., p. 456).
»3 L.D., 1,1, p. 954.
is* Ibid., p. 955.
te E d e s t in y o f àæaM 19
halt and partial return to the traversed areas for the consolidation
and assurance of the hold on the occupied country and assimila
tion of its people W5.
Besides, the very fact that the whole evolutionary development
is ultimately the work of the Spirit which is infinite by definition
implies that it is not bound by any rigid scheme, but can assume an
infinite variety of course and formation. As Aurobindo states it: « In
the spiritual evolution it is inevitable that there should be a many-
sided passage and reaching to the one Truth, a many-sided seizing of
it; this many-sidedness is the sign of the approach of the soul to a
living reality, not to an abstraction or a constructed figure of things
that can be petrified into a dead or stony formula » 196.
V. The Supramental Transformation

The final stage of evolution is the Supramental transformation
in which man transcending the domain of Ignorance attains the realm
of Knowledge becoming thus a Gnostic being or a Superman. This
supramental state of life, designated also as Gnostic or Divine Life,
is the final destiny of man's evolutionary existence 197. The stages we
have examined so far are only preparations for this crowning leap of
evolution, and it will happen only when the nature will be completely
ready for it; no premature ascent to the supramental level is to be
expected. The nature is to be sufficiently refined and strengthened
before it can contain and operate in tune with the light and power
of the supernature. Till that is achieved the supramental force acts
covertly in the nature.
Sri Aurobindo points out that it would be to go altogether outside
present limits to attempt anything like an adequate presentation of
the whole character of what the supramental change is going to be
like. The reason is that in it we, leaving behind the limitations of
mind, step into the realm of the infinite. While mental nature and
mental thought are based on a consciousness of the finite, the supra
mental nature is in its very grain a consciousness and power of the
Infinite. « As the summits of our human mind are beyond animal
»5 Cfr. ibid., p. 956.
196 Ibid., pp. 886-887.
. w? « A life of gnostic beings carrying the evolution to a higher supremental
status might fitly be characterised as a divine life; for it would be a life in
the Divine, a life of the beginnings of a spiritual divine light and power and
joy manifested in material Nature. That might be described, since it surpasses
the mental human level, as life of spiritual and supramental Supermanhood »
(Ibid., p. 1067).
perception, so the movements of Supermind are beyond the ordinary

human mental conception » 19S. Hence all our descriptions of it will
only be an approximation, and even that will convey a true meaning
to us only if we have already experienced some higher levels of cons
ciousness which paves the way for the supramental change199.
Another point to be borne in mind is that this change is not going
to be realized in a uniform fashion, that the circumstances and the
lines of transition would not be the same for all. « It is impossible
for the mind to forecast in detail what the supramental change
must be in its parts of life-action and outward behaviour or lay
down for it what forms it shall create for the individual or the col
lective existence » 200. Here too the reason is the mind’s inadequacy
to grapple with the infinite. The Supermind can manifest its unity in
the largeness of multiplicities which to the mind may appear confus
ing.
Aurobindo notes further that the supramental evolution is not
an abnormal development of things, it is not anything not due to
nature, but rather a natural flowering of the process by which the
hidden supramental principle is emerging to the broad light 201. Ma
nifestation of the Supermind is something inevitable; « it must hap
pen in this world sooner or later » 202. « But there would be nothing
supernatural or miraculous in such an evolution, except in so far as
it would be a supernature or superior nature to ours just as human
nature is a supernature or superior nature to that of animal or plant
or material objects » 203.
At the same time Aurobindo emphasizes strongly that no amount
of human effort by itself can obtain such a transition from na
Ibid., p. 920.
'W « It must be remembered that there is always a difference between the
supreme Supermind of the omniscient and omnipotent Ishwara and that which
can be attained by the Jiva. The human being is climbing out of the ignorance
and when he ascends into the supramental nature, he will find in it grades of
its ascension, and he must first form the lower grades and limited steps before
he rises to higher summits. He will enjoy there the full essential light, power,
Ananda of the infinite self by oneness with the Spirit, but in the dynamical
expression it must determine and individualise itself according to the nature
of the self-expression which the transcendent and universal Spirit seeks in the
Jiva » (S.K., p. 768).
2» L.D., II, p. 965.
301 « This greater nature we speak of as Supernature because it is beyond
his actual level of consciousness and capacity; but in fact it is his own true
nature, the height and completeness of it, to which he must arrive if he is to
find his real self and whole possibility of being. Whatever happens in Nature
must be the result of Nature, the effectuation of what is implied or inherent
in it, its inevitable fruit and consequence» (ibid., pp. 1033-1034).
302 The Supremental Manifestation..., p. 63.
203 L.D., II, p. 1042.
ture to supernature. « Our effort belongs to the inferior power of
Nature; a power of the Ignorance cannot achieve by its own strength
or characteristic or available methods what is beyond its own domain
of Nature » 204. A real transformation is realized only by a direct and
unveiled intervention from above, by a descent of the Supermind
into our nature duly prepared to allow it therein an open and unop
posed reign. « In order that the involved principles of Overmind and
Supermind should emerge from their veiled secrecy, the being and
powers of the Superconscience must descend into us and uplift us and
formulate themselves in our being and powers: this descent is a
sine qua non of the transition and transformation » 205. « The Super
mind alone can transform the lower nature » M. The supramental
change of the whole substance and powers of our being takes place
« when the involved Supermind in Nature emerges to meet and join
with the supramental light and power descending from Superna
ture » 207. By this descent the veil that separates nature from superna
ture is rent and the transition of evolution from the lower hemisphere
to the higher hemisphere is inaugurated. « The rending of the veil is
the condition of the divine life in humanity; for by that rending, by
the illumining descent of the higher into the nature of the lower being
and the forceful ascent of the lower being into the nature of the
higher, mind can recover its divine light in the all-comprehending
Supermind, the soul realize its divine self in the all-possessing, all
blissful Ananda, life repossess its divine power in the play of omni
potent Conscious-Force, and Matter open to its divine liberty as a
form of the divine Existence » 20S.
Thus the supramental evolution with its double process of a
descent from above and an ascent from below, of a self-revelation of
the Spirit and an evolution of Nature, brings about, in the one who
obtains it, a complete transformation, elevation and fulfilment of all
the levels of his being, ushering in a divine life on earth. Then Igno
rance will have no sway on him; his life will become a gnostic life
and himself, a gnostic being. « The gnostic life will exist and act for
the Divine in itself and in the world, for the Divine in all; the increas
ing possession of the individual being and the world by the Divine
Presence, Light, Power, Delight, Beauty will be the sense of life to
the gnostic being » 209. As a result of this thorough sublimation and
20* Ibid., p. 921.

»5 ¡bid.
™ L.D., II, p. 962.
20* L.D., I, pp. 264-265.
»0 L.D., II, p. 984.
82 DANIEL ACHARÜPARAMBIL
supramentalization of the whole being of man through the open and

free intervention of the Divine Supermind, man becomes wholly the
Superman210.
The transition into the gnostic life is the decisive step in the
supramental evolution, but its final resting place is not gnosis but
bliss, Ananda. « The basis of the gnostic existence is the self-stuff and
self-form of the Ananda» 2U. And consequently the evolution must
culminate in it. As Aurobindo declares: « A supramental manifesta
tion in its ascent would have as a next sequence and culmination of
self-result a manifestation of the Bliss of the Brahman: the evolution
of the being of gnosis would be followed by an evolution of the being
of bliss; an embodiment of gnostic existence would have as its con
sequence an embodiment of the beatific existence » 212. By being as
sumed into bliss gnosis is not annulled but only fulfilled in the abso
lute freedom of the supreme Ananda. « In the Ananda», observes
Aurobindo, « all law ceases and there is an absolute freedom without
binding term or limit »2B. A person thus perfected in evolution will
in a way be a replica on earth of the supreme Sacchidananda: « He
will be conscious in the Brahman that is the All, sarvam brahma, in
the Brahman infinite in being and infinite in quality, anantam brahma,
in Brahman as self-existent consciousness and universal knowledge,
jhanam brahma, in Brahman as the self-existent bliss and its universal
delight of being, anandam brahma » 2U.
Aurobindo does not envisage a sweeping transformation at one
stretch of the whole humanity into supramental or gnostic beings.
« It is not to be supposed », he says, « that all humanity would rise
in a block into the Supermind; at first those only might attain to the
height or some intermediate height of the ascent whose inner evo
lution has fitted them for so great a change or who are raised by the
direct touch of the Divine into its perfect light and power and
bliss »215.
Aurobindo, however, visualises a community or a race of supra
mental beings living side by side with the less evolved human beings
on earth. As there has been established on earth a race of mental
beings which has taken up into itself all of earthly nature that was
ready for such a manifestation, so too, affirms our author, « there
will be established on earth a gnostic Consciousness and Power which
«o S.Y., p. 796.
zu Ibid., p. 484.
212 L.D., II, p. 990.
213 S.y., p. 485.
214 Ibid., p. 669.
215 The Supramental Manifestation..., p. 31.
T h e bESH NY o f m a m
will shape a race of gnostic spiritual beings and take up into itself
all of earth-nature that is ready for this new transformation »216.
The supramental race would not be moulded according to a single
standardised pattern, « for the law of the supermind is unity fulfilled
in diversity, and therefore there would be an infinite diversity in the
manifestation of the gnostic consciousness »217. Aurobindo observes
further that « in a gnostic unity in multiplicity the harmony would
be there as a spontaneous expression of the unity, and this spontaneous
expression presupposes a mutuality of consciousness aware of other
consciousness by a direct inner contact and interchange » 218. Thus
unity in diversity, mutuality and harmony will be the characteristic
features of the collective life of the gnostic beings.
VI. The Impact of Gnostic Beings on the Rest of Evolution

The emergence even of just a handful of supramental beings
would be an event of enormous consequences to the whole human
race. The salutary impact of such a radical change will be felt far and
wide. It will mark the beginning of a more complete transformation
of human nature as a whole. « For the way would be open to all
who have the will to rise, the supramental influence of the truth-
consciousness would touch the earth-life and influence even its un
transformed mass and a hope would be there and a promise eventually
available to all which now only the few can share in or realize » 219.
As mind, though limited, imperfect, open at every moment to all
kinds of deviation from the truth or missing of truth, to all kinds of
error and perversion, is the leading principle in the present earth-
nature, so the Supermind — with its sure possession of truth and
with its power and efficiency to lead other beings to their higher
possibilities — will then become the leading principle on this earth.
It would bring about « an uplifting and transforming change in mind
itself and as an inevitable consequence in the consciousness of man,
the mental being, and would bring about a radical and transforming
change in the principles and forms of his living, his ways of action
and the whole build and tenor of his life » 22°.
Those who open themselves to its divinizing influence will reap
its fruits to the full extent; but even others who remain content with
aw L.D., II, p. 967.

217 Ibid., p. 971.
aw ibid., p. 1041.
21» The Supramental Manifestation..., p. 31.
a» Ibid., pp. 72-73.
84 DANIEL ACh ARUPARAMBIL
a normal human existence would not fail to benefit therefrom. Not

only humanity, but the whole process of evolution would profit by
the presence of the Supermind at the head of the evolutionary na
ture: « An incidence, a decisive stress would affect the life of the
lower evolutionary stages; something of the light, something of the
force would penetrate downwards and awaken into a greater action
the hidden Truth-Power everywhere in Nature. A dominant principle
of harmony would impose itself on the life of the Ignorance... a221.
Still no dramatic and sudden transformation of the rest of the
universe is to be expected. Gnostic life would be only a part of the
total terrestrial existence within which there would still continue
life belonging to a less evolved order, and « gnostic life would have
to fit into this total existence and carry into it as much of its own
law of unity and harmony as may be possible » 222. This transforming
action and influence of the gnostic being on the less evolved beings
would be more from within than from without. « His action in the
world will be largely an inner action by the power of the Spirit, by
the spiritual-supramental idea-force formulating itself in the world,
by the secret unspoken word, by the power of the heart, by the
dynamic life-force, by the enveloping and penetrating power of the self
one with all things; the outer expressed and visible action will be
only a fringe, a last projection of this vaster single total of acti
vity »m.
Not only will the influence on others of the gnostic being be
principally from within, but its own life too will be mainly an inward
living. As Aurobindo puts it: «A divine life must be first and foremost
an inner life; for since the outward must be the expression of what
is within, there can be no divinity in the outer existence if there is
not the divinization of the inner being » 224. The antinomy in ordinary
life of the inner and the outer will be cured and exceeded by the ra
diation of the inner divine light and power into the whole being. The
more one opens inwards, goes inwards, lives inwards and receives
from within, the more one draws away from the limitations of the
inconscient basis of the lower nature and moves towards the infinity
of the divine superconscient. That is why he declares: « There can
be no real perfection for us except by our inner Self and truth of
spiritual existence taking up all truth of the instrumental existence
into itself and giving to it oneness, integration, harmony. As our only
real freedom is the discovery and disengagement of the spiritual Rea
21 L.D., II, p. 969.
222 Ibid., p. 1045.
223 Ibid., pp. 979-980.
224 Ibid., p. 1023.
lity within us, so our only means of true perfection is the sovereignty
and self-effectuation of the spiritual Reality in all the elements of
our nature » 225.
VII. The Divine Life

« A total perfection is the ultimate aim which we set before us,
for our ideal is the Divine Life, which we wish to create here, the life
of the Spirit fulfilled on earth, life accomplishing its own spiritual
transformation even here on earth in the conditions of the material
universe » 226. This statement of Aurobindo puts in a nutshell the nature
of the evolutionary destiny of man: an integral transformation of
human nature and the realization of Divine Life on earth. He spells
out succintly what is meant by divine life: « To be complete in being,
in consciousness of being, in force of being, in delight of being and
to live in this integrated completeness is the divine living »w . Our
aim,therefore, is to reject nothing but to fulfil everything; to be and
to be fully is our aim.
The realization of the divine life or the fulness of being entails,
according to Aurobindo, the following perfections: 1) to be wholly
conscious of one’s being; 2) to be in possession of the intrinsic and
integral force of one’s being; 3) to have the full delight of one’s being;
4) to be universally, and 5) to be transcendentallyK8.
1. To be Wholly Conscious of one’s Being

One of the defects of our present condition is an imperfect self-
knowledge. We are normally aware only of a small portion of our
being: our surface mentality, our surface life, our surface physical
being is all that we know, and in fact we do not know even all of that.
Our surface existence is only a surface and as such is only an external
formulation of a greater inner being. « All that is formulated on the
surface is a small and diminished representation of our secret greater
existence » 229. A complete self-knowledge entails the consciousness
of the total range of our existence which includes, besides the sur
face being, a subconscience and a superconscience. « Self-knowledge
225 ibid., p. 1051.

222 L.D., II, p. 1025.
222 Cfr. Ibid., pp. 1023-1027.
229 L.D., I, p. 523.
is impossible unless we go behind our surface existance ... and send

down our plummet into the subconscient and open ourself to the
superconscient so as to know their relation to our surface being.
For between these three things our existence moves and finds in
them its totality » 230.
The subconscious being covers, according to Aurobindo, a much
vaster sphere of our total existence than we are normally aware of so
much so that the surface being is said to form only a wave of its
secret surge231. It is a superimposition upon our subconscious inner
being; it is like the crown and dome of a temple jutting out from
the waves while the great body of the building is submerged under
the surface of w ater233. The impact of the subconscious being on
man is so profound that he often becomes a puppet of its unidentified
impulsions.
There is, besides, a superconscient realm in us; « it is ultimately
our own highest, deepest, vastest Self » 133, which is the selfsame Su
preme Spirit, Sacchidananda. « What appears here as man », affirms
Aurobindo, « is an individual being of the Divine; the Divine extended
in multiplicity is the Self of all individual existences » 2M. Through the
dynamics of His free descent and ascent the supreme Spirit is imma
nent within us without ceasing thereby to be absolutely transcendent.
This presence and power it is that enlivens, guides and directs all
the movements of our surface and subconscious being. « We ourselves,
though we know it not, are being of his being, force of his force,
conscious with a consciousness derived from him; even our mortal
existence is made out of his substance... » 235.
Now, a fulness of being, implying as it does a fulness of self-
consciousness, should extend itself to all these three spheres of our
being. Any sort of unconsciousness, half-consciousness or deficient
consciousness indicates a state of being not in possession of itself,
and as such is not a fulness of being. «To be aware wholly and in
tegrally of oneself and of all the truth of one’s being is the necessary
condition of true possession of existence » 236.
230 Ibid., p. 223.

231 Cfr. Ibid., p. 560.
232 Cfr. ibid., p. 556.
»3 Ibid., p. 561.
234 L.D., II, p. 690.
235 S.Y., p. 231.
236 L.D., II, p. 1024.
2. To be in Possession of the Intrinsic and Integral Force of One’s

Being
Consciousness carries in itself the force of being; fulness of con
sciousness is also fulness of force. As Aurobindo affirms: « The vijhana
or gnosis is not only truth but truth-power, it is the very working of
the infinite and divine nature; it is the divine knowledge one with
the divine will in the force and delight of a spontaneous and luminous
and inevitable self-fulfilment» 237. Fulness of knowledge fills us with
the divine power*38. To possess fulness of consciousness without pos
sessing at the same time the full force of one’s being, or with a half
force or deficient force of it, is an imperfect, mutilated existence; not
the fulness of being.
One of the characteristic features of the supramental nature is
« an identity of Knowledge and Will acting as a single power in
perfect unison with the truth of things » 239. The ordinary human being
often experiences a disoder and disharmony between knowledge and
will with the result that even when knowledge is clear and complete
the will may not approve of it, or even after approving, may lack the
power to execute it; and so on. This discord will persist as long as
the mental nature is not liberated from its original inconscience by
a supramental evolution; and then only will man realize the full
extent of the power enshrined within him.
Aurobindo observes: « Wherever there is an increase of con
sciousness there is an increase of potential force and the actual power
of the existence » 240. Knowledge is also power, and as the former is
intrinsic and self-existent, so too is the latter. In the evolutionary de
velopment as the beings increased in consciousness their power to
deal with the internal and external forces also was found to increase.
Thus the mental being is much more powerful to deal with himself
and nature than the animal. An immensely greater power would
be reached when the supramental consciousness would emerge to
replace the hampered operations of the mental energy. Unlike our
mental consciousness which needs the devices and contrivances of
scientific discoveries to deal with the forces of nature, the supra
mental being would deal with them directly and more efficiently by
mi S.Y., p. 457.
338 « A growth of the being into Supernature and its life in Supernature
cannot take place or cannot be complete without bringing with it a greater
power of consciousness and a greater power of life and a spontaneous de
velopment of an instrumentation of knowledge and force normal to that Su
pernature» (L.D., II, p. 1043).
239 Ibid., p. 1036.
340 Ibid., p. 1037.
its own power of consciousness. « For the greater knowledge of

gnostic being would not be in the main an outwardly acquired or
learned knowledge, but the result of an evolution of consciousness
and of force of consciousness, a new dynamisation of the b ein g»341.
Finding nothing in him to oppose the free and full manifestation of
the Spirit the supramental being becomes such a powerful channel
of divine Force that he is nearer to the very divine omnipotence 342.
« The gnostic being would be in unison and communion with the
Consciousness-Force that is at the root of everything: his vision and
his will would be the channel of the supramental Real-Idea, the self
effective Truth-Force; his action would be a free manifestation of the
power and workings of the root Force of existence, the force of an
all-determining conscious Spirit... » M3.
3.T o Have the Full Delight of One’s Being

Fulness of being implies also fulness of delight: a being without
an entire delight in itself and in all to which it is related, is a defi
cient being. All forms of deficiency of delight are signs of imperfec
tion, incompleteness; « they arise from a division of being, an incom
pleteness of consciousness of being, an incompleteness of the force
of being »244.
An aspiration for the supreme and total delight is secretly inher
ent in the whole make of our being. In lower levels this basic demand
takes the shape of an insatiable search for the various pleasures of
life, joy and rapture of many kinds, mental delights and so on; on
higher levels it becomes apparent in the urge for spiritual joy and
peace and divine ecstasy. These are conditioned by the separation
of parts of our nature and their imperfect integration and harmo
nization. In the supramental level wherein man enters the realm of
the Infinite, he begins to experience the unalloyed bliss of the Divine.
This is founded on the essential truth of our being which is Brahman
who is Ananda. Supramental manifestation, in fact, is nothing but an
ascent to the Ananda Barhman from whom it emerged in the involu-
tionary descent. Aurobindo therefore declares: « In the involutionary
descent as in the evolutionary return Supermind is supported by the
original Delight of Existence and carries that in all its activities as their
»1 Ibid., p. 1039.
343 Cfr. S.Y., p. 808.
343 L.D., II, p. 1039.
344 Ibid., p. 1025.
sustaining essence » 245. Supramental, gnostic existence is consequently

a blissful existence. It will not be dependent on external factors but
will be something inherent, intrinsic to the gnostic being, and will
grow in perfection along with the development of the gnostic nature.
The supramental bliss is beyond the highest delight conceivable
to our present nature. It has been held that the ecstatic experience
of a spiritual rapture accompanied by a feeling of supreme happiness
in the whole psycho-physical system is our supreme attainment. It is
indeed a splendid experience full of excitement, exultation, exaltation
and pure joy of a very intense nature. Aurobindo points out how
ever that these things are basically transient and so not congenial
to the supramental nature. In it there is no vehement exultation and
excitement; « there is instead an illimitable intensity of participation
in an eternal ecstasy which is founded on the eternal Existence and
therefore on a beatific tranquillity of eternal peace. Peace and ecstasy
cease to be different and become one » All realms of its being and
all its actions and reactions will in all moments be permeated and
percolated by this ever new and ever young transcendent bliss.
The supramental delight being the very delight of the infinite
Spirit, is not an egocentric and separative experience, opposed or
indifferent to the delight of others. « One in self with all, the supra
mental being will seek the delight of self-manifestation of the Spirit
in himself but equally the delight of the Divine in all: he will have
the cosmic joy and will be a power for bringing the bliss of the
Spirit, the joy of being to others » vn.
To be conscious of the totality of Reality, to be conscious of the
integral relation of each individual being and movement to the whole
and to possess the spontaneous joy of that luminous totality is the
mark of the supramental being. Aurobindo observes: « The gnostic
existence and delight of existence is a universal and total being and
delight, and there will be the presence of that totality and universality
in each separate movement: in each there will be, not a partial expe
rience of self or a fractional bit of its joy, but the sense of the whole
movement of an integral being and the presence of its entire and
integral bliss of being, Ananda »**.
2« ibid., p. 990.
»« Ibid., p. 991.
2« Ibid., pp. 975-976.
M Ibid., p. 977.
A. To be Universally
To be in possession of the fulness of being entails also to exceed
the limitations of an exclusive individuality and a restricted ego and
to embrace the universal reality. To confine oneself to one’s separate
individuality is to be less than oneself, is to live in a partial being
and consciousness and power and delight. Reality is universal. « All
being is one and to be fully is to be all that is. » M9. « Not only is Being
one in itself, but it is one everywhere, in all its poises and in every
aspect, in its utmost appearance of multiplicity as in its utmost ap
pearance of oneness » 150. « For every individual being is the Self,
the Divine... » 251. The realization of the oneness of all in the Supreme
Spirit as one’s own oneness with it is an essential ingredient of
supramental existence. For the gnostic being his self is « the Spirit
that is one in all: he will see the world as a universe of the Spirit »258.
Consequently, « all beings would be to him his own selves, all ways
and powers of consciousness would be felt as the ways and powers of
his own universality» 253. He will certainly retain his individuality,
but will not be limited by a separative individuality. « His individua
lity is universal; for he individualises the universe » m .
A complete individual, according to Aurobindo, is a cosmic indi
vidual, because individuality can be complete only when it takes
into itself the universe of which it is a part. « The supramental being
in his cosmic consciousness seeing and feeling all as himself would
act in that sense; he would act in a universal awareness and a har
mony of his individual self with the total self, of his individual will
with the total will, of his individual action with the total action » 255.
One of the greatest problems of our present state of existence is
our maladjustment to the rest of beings and the universe as a
whole. Though concord and harmony are the law of Reality, — « for
in fact both individual and universe are simultaneous and interrelated
expressions of the same transcendent Being » 256 — yet conflict and
discord with the rest of beings are apparently our normal experience
and a source of great sufferings to us. Because of our imperfect
knowledge and lack of force we fail to harmonise our demand on the
249 Ibid., p. 1025.

250 S.Y., p. 401.
251 Ibid., p. 359.
252 L.D., II, p. 982.
253 Ibid., p. 972.
254 Ibid.
255 Ibid., p. 974.
256 Ibid.
world with the world’s demand on us. In order to effect a real

harmony we have either to enforce ourselves upon the world and
make it subservient to us or suppress ourselves and become subser
vient to it or else arrive at an all too difficult balance between the
exigencies of the two. But for the supramental being which is no
more confined to the ego, no such difficulty would exist; « his cosmic
individuality would know the cosmic forces and their movement and
their significance as part of himself, and the Truth-Consciousness in
him would see the right relation at each step and find the dynamic
right expression of that relation » 257.
Thus, for Aurobindo, « a large universality of self-expression, a
large harmonic universality of world-being would be the very sign of
the supramental Person in his gnostic nature » 258. He has no conflict
of interest with anybody or anything because all form part of his
universal interest; there is nothing to oppose him because he is one
with all, because he is one with the All. «To be in the being of all
and to include all in one’s being, to be conscious of the consciousness
of all, to be integrated in force with the universal force, to carry all
action and experience in oneself and feel it as one's own action and
experience, to feel all self as one’s own self, to feel all delight of
being as one’s own delight of being is a necessary condition of the
integral divine living » 259.
5. To be Transcendentally
Finally, supramental existence which is the realization of the
fulness of being, implies a transcendental existence which means to
exceed all the limitations of the present condition of body, life and
mind. This does not mean the rejection of these realms of our evolutio
nary nature; they will be preserved, but perfected and transformed in
such a way as to be a true expression and instrumentation of the
transcendent Self. « The supramental transformation, the supramen
tal evolution must carry with it a lifting of mind, life and body out
of themselves into a greater way of being in which yet their own
ways and powers would be, not suppressed or abolished, bu perfect
ed and fulfilled by self-exceeding » 260. Just as one does not give up
the bodily life in order to attain to the mental and the spiritual, so too,
to reach the supramental level one does not abandon the lower forma
257 Ibid.
258 Ibid.,p. 975.
259 Ibid.,p. 1025.
*0 ibid., p. 982.
tion, but arrives at an integral transformation of one’s total being.

« The gnostic individual would be in the world and of the world, but
would also exceed it in his consciousness and live in his Self of tran
scendence above i t » 261.
As a first step towards this self-exceeding the mind, the life and
the body must be liberated from their sense of separation from the rest
and feel the oneness with the universal mind and all minds, with
universal life and all life, with the total material existence. But this
is not all; it is not enough that one transcends the individual formula
and reaches the universal; even this universal is to be surpassed to
find its fulness and perfect harmonisation in the Transcendence, for
the individual and the universal, says Aurobindo, « are in their outer
formulation incomplete terms of the Transcendence, but they are
that in their essence, and it is only by becoming conscious of that
essence, that individual consciousness or universal consciousness can
come to its own fulness and freedom of reality » 263.
As a result of the self-transcendence which is the realization of
oneself as the self-formation of the divine Reality, all one’s mind, life
and physicality will be converted into terms of that supernature. The
defects that are now normal to our human condition will then disap
pear altogether. The mind will be liberated from its ignorant gropings
and will be suffused with supramental light and truth. « The tran
sition from mind to Supermind is not only the substitution of a
greater instrument of thought and knowledge, but a change and con
version of the whole consciousness. There is evolved not only a su
pramental thought, but a supramental will, sense, feeling, a supra
mental substitute for all the activities that are now accomplished by
the mind » 263.
Life, too, which now is full of confusions and occupied with so
many obscure and lower aims, would feel all its urges and instincts
exalted and irradiated and become a glorious counterpart of the su
pramental life. As our author states: « Life and body would be no
longer tyrannous masters demanding nine-tenths of existence for
their satisfaction, but means and powers for the expression of the
Spirit» 264. Elsewhere, he says: «The supramental transformation su-
pravitalises the vital, reveals it as a dynamics of the spirit, makes a
complete opening and a true revelation of all the spiritual reality
behind and within the life force and the life spirit and of all its spi
» Ibid., p. 972.
262 Ibid., p. 1026.
*3 S.Y., p. 795.
264 L.D., II, p. 1066.
ritual as well as its mental and purely vital truth and significance » 26S.
Also the body should undergo a corresponding transformation by
a conversion of its action, its functioning, its capacities into a conge
nial instrument of the Spirit. The ideal which Aurobindo envisages
is « a divine life in a divine body » 266. The ordinary religious attitude
is to consider body as an impediment to spiritual ascent, or at best
as an instrument that must be dropped when its work is done. No
tradition seems to visualise a divine destiny for the body here on
earth. But for Aurobindo it is to be the natural consequence of the
whole evolutionary process. « If a total transformation of the being
is our aim, a transformation of the body must be an indispensable
part of it; without that no full divine life on earth is possible » 267. As
the present human body came into existence with the due modifica
tions of the previous animal form and powers so as to suit the prin
ciple of mind and the life of a mental being, so too, claims Auro
bindo, a body must be developed with powers and potentialities
expressive of the divine action proper to the supramental manifesta
tion.
In this process matter will not lose its identity; it will not be
transformed into something subtle and spiritual; instead it will be
turned into « a true and fit and perfectly responsive instrument of
the Spirit » 26S. The Spirit does not cast away the energies of matter,
its capacities, its methods; « it brings out their hidden possibilities,
uplifts, sublimates, discloses their innate divinity. The divine life
will reject nothing that is capable of divinisation a269.
As a result of the unobstructed operation of the Spirit the body
would acquire a secure completeness and stability of strength and
health, all the natural capacities of the physical frame would reach
their utmost extension and be there at command and sure of their
flawless action. « Even it could become a revealing vessel of a su
preme beauty and bliss, — casting the beauty of the light of the Spirit
suffusing and radiating from it as a lamp reflects and diffuses the
luminosity of its indwelling flame, carrying in itself the beatitude
of the Spirit, its joy of the seeing mind, its joy of life and spiritual
happiness, the joy of matter released into a spiritual consciousness
and thrilled with a constant ecstasy »27°.
Sri Aurobindo reminds us that the infinite Spirit in its urge for
2“ S.y., p. 841.
»7 Ibid., p. 34.
2« L.D., II, p. 986.
*9 The Supramental Manifestation..., p. 7.
270 ibid., pp. 25-26.
94 DANIBL ACHARÙPARAMBÌL
self-manifestation would open vistas beyond what he has hazarded

to delineate. « But of this », he says, « it would be premature to
speak: what has been written is perhaps as much as the human mind
as it is now constituted can venture to look forward to and the
enlightened thought understand in some measure » 2n.
In short, the transcendental existence of the supramental evolu
tion would mean « the evolution not only of an untramelled conscious
ness, a mind and sense not shut up in the walls of the physical ego
or limited to the poor basis of knowledge given by the physical organs
of sense, but a life-power liberated more and more from its mortal
limitations, a physical life fit for a divine inhabitant and, ... the con
quest of death, an earthly immortality »27J.
We may summarise Aurobindo's vision of the evolutionary des
tiny of man in his own words: « Thou art man and the whole nature
of man is to become more than himself. He was the man-animal, he
has become more than the animal-man. He is the thinker, the crafts
man, the seeker after beauty. He shall be more than the thinker, he
shall be the seer of knowledge; he shall be more than the craftsman,
he shall be the creator and master of his creation; he shall be more
than the seeker of beauty, for he shall enjoy all beauty and all de
light. Physical he seeks for this immortal substance; vital he seeks
after immortal life and the infinite power of his being; mental and
partial in knowledge, he seeks after the whole light and the utter
vision.
«To possess these is to become the superman; for he is to rise
out of mind into the Supermind. Call it the divine mind or Know
ledge or the Supermind; it is the power and light of the divine will
and the divine consciousness. By the Supermind the Spirit saw and
created himself in the worlds, by that he lives in them and governs
them. By that he is Swarat Samrat, self-ruler and all-ruler.
« Supermind is superman; therefore to rise beyond mind is the
condition.
« To be the superman is to live the divine life, to be a god; for
the gods are the powers of God. Be a power of God in humanity.
«To live in the divine Being and let the consciousness and bliss,
the will and knowledge of the Spirit possess thee and play with thee
and through thee, this is the meaning.
« This is the transfiguration of thyself on the mountain » 273.
271 Ibid., p. 26.

712 L.D., I, p. 261 (emphasis mine).
273 The Hour of God, pp. 6-7.
THE DESTINY OF .MAN 95
C o n c l u s io n
As the above analytical study demonstrates clearly, Sri Auro-

bindo’s is a mighty endeavour to reinterpret the human condition and
its final consummation from a modern Hindu perspective. The prover
bial spiritual outlook on the entire reality of the Indian heritage
stands out very impressively throughout this system. Aurobindo has
done an admirable work in integrating this spiritual outlook with the
scientific theory of evolution. His exposition is suffused with the
warmth and vividness of a poetic vision.
A balanced sense of realism compells Aurobindo to acknowledge
the unquestionable reality both of the material world and of the Su
preme Spirit. His spiritual experience on the one hand, and the
scriptural teaching, on the other, leaves him with no shadow of doubt
not only of the absolute supremacy of the Spirit, but also of its almost
tangible presence in the world. Brahman is not only the One without
a second, but everything that is is Brahman.
Aurobindo accepts this as an incontrovertible truth. Reason's
business now is to give a logical and coherent explanation of how the
transcendent Spirit is at the same time the immanent cause of the
phenomenal universe. The hypothesis of evolution furnished him with
a handy tool. It had all the advantages of a generally accepted scien
tific theory. He corrected its philosophic error of explaining ontolo-
gically higher beings with ontologically lower ones by introducing the
principle of involution, thanks to which matter encloses within itself,
right from the start, all the potentialities of the Spirit. As a result,
evolution is essentially nothing but the reverse process of involution,
an expression of the Spirit’s urge to regain its original perfection. The
net result of such a theory is a flagrant pantheism.
Aurobindo is not only aware of it, but wants to abide by it most
obstinately. He declares: «All Matter as well as all Life, Mind and
Supermind are only modes of the Brahman, the Eternal, the Spirit,
Sacchidananda, who not only dwells in them all, but is all these
things » 274. The multiplicity of the cosmic experience is only an expres
sion of the Supreme. « The many are only His representations and
becom ings» 27S. « From that [omnipresent Reality] all variations
begin, in that all variations consist, to that all variations return » 276.
« There is nothing that is not the omnipresent Reality » 277. If every
thing is the Divine there is an obvious pantheism.
274 L.D., I, p. 242.

275 Ibid., p. 32.
276 Ibid., p. 33.
277 Ibid., p. 326.
But it is to be added immediately that Aurobindo's pantheism is

altogether unique; it does not fit into any ordinary understanding of
pantheism according to which the Divine is, so to say, lost in the
universe. Our author does not subscribe to such an approach. « All
views of existence that stop short of the Transcendence and ignore
it must be incomplete accounts of the truth of being. The panteistic
view of the identity of the Divine and the Universe is a truth, for all
this that is is Brahman: but it stops short of the whole truth when
it misses and omits the supracosmic Reality » m .
Thus Aurobindo admits pantheism only as a partial truth; for
the whole truth one has to transcend pantheism. Its partiality consists
in exclusively emphasising one aspect of the Divine, — His imma
nence — inspired by certain spiritual experience of the nearness,
the presence of the Divine everywhere and in everything. But he
points out: « This extended universe is not all that the Spirit is, there
is an Eternal greater than it by which alone its existence is possible.
Cosmos is not the Divine in all his utter reality, but a single self-ex
pression, a true but minor motion of his being » 279.
Aurobindo, therefore, complements the pantheistic view by insist
ing on the transcendent aspect of the Spirit. Unequivocal is his stress
on the transcendent Divine. He declares: « The World and the Divine
are not one and the same thing, as certain kind of pantheistic think
ing would like to believe... The Divine is not here alone; there is a
Beyond, an eternal Transcendence» 280. «This is the mystery of His
being that He is supracosmic, yet not in any exclusive sense extra-
cosmic. For He pervades it all as its self » 281. « Even in becoming all
he is still a Transcendence; even in assuming finite forms he is always
the Infinite » 282. « In his highest supracosmic status Brahman is a
transcendent Eternity without origin or change » 283. Consequently his
vision of the Divine is a comprehensive, all-embracing one, a vision
that « harmonises the pantheistic, the theistic and the highest tran
scendental terms of our spiritual conception and spiritual experien
ce » 284.
Now, the problem is, how can pantheism be accepted and tran-
scented at the same time? Obviously, reason finds itself baffled at
such a view. But Aurobindo’s mainstay is not the mental reason,
218 L.D., II, p. 661.

279 E.Git., p. 301.
280 S.Y., pp. 241-242.
281 E.Git., p. 298.
2*2 Ibid., pp. 333-334.
283 Ibid., pp. 401-402.
284 Ibid., p. 331.
which he has shown in no uncertain terms to be inadequate to deal

with the real nature and operations of the Supreme Reality. His in
tuitive, supra-rational approach called the logic of the Infinite, is
the answer to the problem. While in mental logic and reasoning one
approaches the Reality from a human perspective, in the logic of the
Infinite one adopts the perspective of the Divine. This is an all-com
prehensive vision, embracing in an ineffable unity the Reality in all
its aspects, which to the mental logic, insisting as it does on consisten
cy and coherence according to a set pattern, may appear a bundle of
contradictions, irrational or inexplicable. This only proves, maintains
Aurobindo, the limitations of the mental logic, and not the inability
of the Absolute to adopt poises which appear incompatible to such a
logic. He, therefore, remarks: « But the Absolute, obviously, finds no
difficulty in world-manifestation and no difficulty either in the simul
taneous transcendence of world-manifestation; the difficulty exists
only for our mental limitations which prevent us from grasping the
supramental rationality of the coexistence of the Infinite and the fi
nite or seizing the nodus of the unconditioned with the conditioned.
For our intellectual rationality these are opposites; for the absolute
reason they are inter-related and not essentially conflicting expres
sions of one and the same reality » 285.
Coming now to the view of man and his destiny. Man, according
to Aurobindo, is a product of evolution and as such is a transitional
being. He enshrines within himself all the power and dynamism of
the Spirit to evolve higher and reach the supramental and divine
stage: «he is a god in the making» 286. To rest satisfied with the
present condition will be a great stumbling block to the innate evo
lutionary urge. But Aurobindo believes that man cannot indefinitely
hamper his higher evolution because, on the one hand, the imposing
consciousness of his present limitations will spur him on to strive
for a self-exceeding, and on the other, the involved Spirit naturally
pushes forward the process of evolution so that its real nature may
one day be fully manifest in man.
The evolution which Aurobindo contemplates is a slow, gradual
and intricate process; it is not to be completed in one human birth,
but to be carried on through repeated births. Belief in rebirth, the
refore, is an essential element of this system. It is rebirth that enables
man to overcome slowly and steadily his various limitations and to
reach his high destiny. In fact Aurobindo calls rebirth « the sole
285 L.D., I, p. 377.

28« Ibid., p. 381.
98 DANIEL ACl-IARLPAkAMBIL
possible machinery of such an evolution » 2S7.

The next important stage in the evolution is to be that of the
Supermind. But Aurobindo does not contemplate a leap in the pro
cess; it takes a new step only after having confirmed well all the
powers and potentialities of the previous one, and integrated fully
the lower elements therein with the higher one: there is to be no
gulf between two stages. Taking into account the enormous difference
between the mental nature and the Supermind, Aurobindo tries to
bridge it by envisaging various intermediary stages, such as psychic
transformation and spiritual transformation, and the realization of
Higher mind, Illumined mind, Intuition and Overmind. These deve
lopments take man the closest possible to the Supermind, which in
its turn descending into the individual so prepared, elevates him to
the supermanhood. Thus human life is transformed into a Gnostic
or Divine life.
The Gnostic or Divine life is a life in possession of the fulness of
being, and that not in a celestial abode, but here on earth. Such an
existence entails, according to the analysis of Aurobindo, the fulness
of consciousness, power and delight, and also a universal and tran
scendent mode of being.
In the whole system there is much that desrves profound appre
ciation, above all its stubborn spiritual outlook and its bold opti
mism. So stubborn is its sipiritual outlook that even matter is seen
as a form of the Spirit; and so bold is its optimism that it looks for
ward to a divine and immortal life here on earth for all without ex
ception. It may not be materialised in the near future; but sooner or
later it will come about because the involved Spirit won’t remain
idle until it is fully manifest in the universe: what is involved must
evolve one day.
In all appearance Aurobindo’s optimism borders upon a utopia.
But he is adamant in his position, though admitting at the same
time that ordinary human mind may hesitate or even refuse to accept
it. According to him, we are in respect to our future higher evolution
much in the position of the original ape of the Darwinian theory.
He argues that as, despite the inability of that ape mind, — assuming
for the moment the validity of the Darwinian theory — to imagine its
future evolution into a developed human being, such an evolution
has become a reality, so, too, notwithstanding the present man’s
scepticism about the magnificent future here forecasted, he is destin
ed to realize it 288. Aurobindo cliams further that in proposing such
287 L.D., II, p. 764.

288 Cfr. L.D., I, p. 55.
I h E d ESTINV oe M AN 99
a sublime destiny for man, he is only re-proposing what man always

and everywhere has in reality hoped for. « It is a keen sense of this
possibility », writes Aurobindo, « which has taken different shapes
and persisted through the centuries, — the perfectibility of man, the
perfectibility of society, the Alwars' vision of the descent of Vishnu
and the gods upon earth, the reign of saints, sadhunam rajyam, the
city of God, the millennium, the new heaven and earth of the Apoca
lypse » 2S9. These reasonings serve to play down to some extent the
utopian overtone of the whole vision; but much more is required to
carry conviction, and yet more, to see that conviction materialised!
On the whole, the entire system of Sri Aurobindo seems to rest
on certain gratuitous assumptions. First of all, the involution or des
cent of the Spirit into matter and the consequent view of matter as a
self-limited form of the Spirit, — and this is the theoretical founda
tion of his philosophic structure — are to be accepted on the authority
of Aurobindo, or at the most, on the authority of the Hindu scriptures
as interpreted by him. The idea of evolution as a slow and gradual
self-unfolding of the indwelling Spirit in the material reality, fares
no better than that of involution. The view of man as a product of
evolution from lower grades of being, propelled always by the hidden
Spirit, has no more force than that of a hypothesis. The faith in
rebirth, an integral part of this system, can offer no more than argu
ments of convenience in its favour. And finally, the ultimate destiny
of man, namely, his higher evolution and the realization of the Su-
pramental, Divine Life here on earth, though highly attractive, — a
prophetic vision for Aurobindo and his followers — is not, on the
face of it, anything more than a utopia.
D a n ie l A c h a r u p a r a m b il
28? Ibid., pp. 485-486.

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Ephemerides Carmeliticae 29 (1978/1) 43-99

Sri Aurobindo (1872-1950)1 has rightly been hailed as one of the

1 For biographical informations, cfr. A.B. P u r a n i , The Life of Sri Aurobindo,

scriptures: «All this is Brahm an»5. Accordingly he solemnly affirms

II. The Ultimate Reality

The absolute existence is also pure Awareness, full Consciousness,

III. Involution - Evolution

The involution is a gradual process as also the evolution. In the

Reality, in the apparent inconscience of Matter is the starting-point of the evo­

As in the case of involution, so also in that of evolution Aurobindo

process there is no rigid separation between them; each new advance

IV. The Logic of the Infinite

* L.D., II, p. 706.

and logic are indirect means of knowledge. « If the means of know­

« Man », says Aurobindo, « is a transitional being » 46. He is a stage

50 L.D., II, p. 843.

si L.D., II, p. 1016.

of what constitutes his essential nature. As evolution implies an inte­

I. The Complexity of the Human Composite

Spirit who is housed within us but not bound or shut in by mind

69 S ri Aurobindo, The Problem of Rebirth, Pondicherry 1969, p. 80.

are figurative expressions, probably the best suited to convey spiri­

not constitute its final and permanent formation. « It was a lesser

II. The Doctrine of Rebirth

93 For a detailed study of the doctrine of rebirth in Hindu tradition, cfr.

possible effective condition, the obvious dynamic process of such a

103 L.D., II, pp. 754-755.

III. Man, the Mental Being

11« L.D., I, p. 502.

ception, imagination, memory, ideation and so on. It is therefore an

128 S r i A urobindo, The Supramental Manifestation upon Earth, Pondicherry

/) Constitutional ignorance: We regard the mind or life or body

Though the physical and external aspects of evolution easily

The next major step which Aurobindo envisages in the evolution

I. The Psychic Transformation

»37 Ibid., p. 891.

II. The Spiritual Transformation

movement upward. « The psychic movement inward to the inner

1« L.D., II, p. 910.

III. Further Preparations for the Supramental Transformation

153 Ibid., pp. 917-918.

existent knowledge which is the reality of Intuition, It has a « greater

gination, by uncertain inference, by others of its aids and makeshifts,

Aurobindo distinguishes a fourfold power in Intuition: « A power

182 L.D., II, p. 949.

movement replaces it » 185. « It takes up all that is in the three steps

Mind beyond itself, and in this world of original Inconscience it can­

IV. Not a Rigid Scheme

Ibid., p. 953; « The highest heights of mind or of overmind come still

V. The Supramental Transformation

perception, so the movements of Supermind are beyond the ordinary

20* Ibid., p. 921.

supramentalization of the whole being of man through the open and

VI. The Impact of Gnostic Beings on the Rest of Evolution

aw L.D., II, p. 967.

a normal human existence would not fail to benefit therefrom. Not

VII. The Divine Life

1. To be Wholly Conscious of one’s Being

225 ibid., p. 1051.

Reality, in the apparent inconscience of Matter is the starting-point of the evo

and logic are indirect means of knowledge. « If the means of know

of what constitutes his essential nature. As evolution implies an inte

are figurative expressions, probably the best suited to convey spiri

Mind beyond itself, and in this world of original Inconscience it can