SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN

UNIT 1

There have been a number of differences in the way geography is now to be

approached in the National Curriculum. It was decided that there would be a
renewed emphasis on spatial knowledge, as well as the human and physical
processes. This should cover some technical procedures such as using grid
references. There should also be a renewed commitment towards the concept of
fieldwork and the use of maps, as well as written communication.

Dealing with geography, the National Curriculum includes certain topics, but not
necessarily how they should be taught. For example, the focus at key stage 1 is
developing knowledge about the United Kingdom and the world. Students should
study certain fact such as the world’s seven continents and their locations. They
should be able to name and identify the four countries and capital cities of the
UK. Trips to London may include extra – curricular education that can aid
students’ understanding of the United Kingdom. They also should be able to
identify seasonal weather patterns, identify hot and cold areas of the world, and
use world maps and globes to indentify the UK and other countries and oceans.

As they progress to key stage 2, students are expected to extend their knowledge
to include Europe, north, and South America as well as significant human and
physical features. They should be able to identify the position of latitude,
longitude, the Equator and other large features of the world such as the Tropics of
Cancer and Capricorn.

Students at key stage 2 should study more physical geography including the
climate zones, biomes and features such as volcanoes and earthquakes. Trips to
destination such as Iceland could encourage further learning about some of the
world’s physical geography. There is a huge emphasis on geographical skills at
this stage. Students should be able to use the eight points of a compass, four and
six – figure grid references and keys on Ordinary Survey maps in order to develop
their knowledge

(SBMPTN – 2016)

1. What is the topic of the passage?

(A) The art of teaching geography.
 (B) The world’s physical geography.
(C) Topical approaches in teaching geography.
(D) Different strategies in teaching geography.
(E) The geographical topics in national curriculum.

2. According to the passage, key stage 2 focuses more on …..

(A) The tropics of Cancer and Capricorn
(B) Broader geographical abilities
(C) Patterns of climate change
(D) Geographical physics
(E) The trip to Iceland.

Text 2

The benefits of fasting must be preceded by a look at the body’s progression when
deprived of food. Due to the lack of incoming energy, the body must turn to its
own resources, a function called autolysis. Autolysis is the breaking down of fat
stores in the body in order to produce energy. The liver is in charge of converting
the fats into a chemical called a ketone body, and then distributing these bodies
throughout the body via the blood steam. The less one eats, the more the body
turns to these stored fats and creates these ketone bodies, the accumulation of
which is referred to as ketosis.

Detoxification is the foremost argument presented by advocates of fasting.

“Detoxification is a normal body process of eliminating or neutralizing toxins
through the colon, liver, kidneys, lungs, lymph glands and skin. This process is
precipitated by fasting because when food is no longer entering the body, the
body turns to fat reserves for energy.

A second prescribed benefit of fasting is the healing process that begins in the
body during a fast. During a fast energy is diverted away from the digestive
system due to its lack of use and towards the metabolism and immune system.
The healing process during a fast is precipitated by the body’s search for energy
sources. Abnormal growths within the body, tumors and the like, do not have the
full support of the body’s supplies and therefore are more susceptible to autolysis
 3. The main purpose of the text is to…..
(A) Discuss the effect of fasting
(B) Present suggestion for fasting
(C) Describe the benefits of fasting
(D) Suggest methods of fasting
(E) Inform readers about fasting

4. Which is the topic of the text?

(A) The body’s progression
(B) The function of autolysis
(C) A ketone body
(D) The health benefits of fasting
(E) Detoxification of fasting

Text 3

US pop and soul music legend Stevie Wonder told diplomats from nearly 200
nations on Monday to stop squabbling over copyright and agree on a pact
bringing “hope and light” to blind people around the globe

And the singer – musician, himself sightless since just after birth, warned
negotiators at the United Nations intellectual property and copyright agency
WIPO that he would write a sad song about them if they didn’t act on his appeal.

“We must declare a state of emergency and end the information deprivation that
continues to keep the visually impaired in the dark,” said Wonder, whose music
has won dozens of top awards in his 50 – year career.

He told delegates on the opening day of WIPO’s annual assembly that they should
agree on an action plan that would empower the blind and near – blind by side –
stepping copy-right rules and giving them access to books and learning.

And the star wrapped up his 10-minute appeal by singing to his own
accompaniment famous lines from many of his best – loved songs including I just
called to say I love you and Keep our love alive.
His call was endorsed by the world blind union, which said that in developing
countries less than one percent of published works were available in formats like
Braille or audio. Even in rich countries, the total was less than 5 percent.

WIPO member states have for years been considering a deal that would overcome
cross-border copy-right rules and finance translation of books into Braille but has
run up against strong differences among member states

Some argue for totally free rights of translation into formats accessible to the
blind, while others insists that no loopholes be left for piracy of text, music, and
technology.

Wonder, a UN messenger of Peace who has sold more than 100 million records
since 1960s, said the delegates should “put ideological differences aside and come
up with a practical solution.

While it was critical in loosening laws to avoid harming authors of great works
that “nourish our hearts, minds and souls,” he said, WIPO members must find a
deal that allowed easy import and export of copyright material for the blind.

“We have the greatest minds in the world right here in this room. Please work it
out. Or I’ll have to write a song about what you didn’t do.” He declared to
laughter and applause from many delegations.

5. This passage mainly discuss about….

(A) Stevie Wonder’s appeal for the blind
(B) Deprivation of information of the visually impaired
(C) Stevie Wonder’s song for WIPO members
(D) World Blind Union’
(E) WIPO

While bullying has always been a problem encountered during childhood

and adolescence, we all know it is in the rise. When a child is intentionally and
repeatedly mean to another child, the cycle begins. Bullying occurs in the
playground, at lunch at the cafeteria, in locker rooms, even over the phone. And
now that so many children have access to the latest technology, the problem has
become even more prevalent.
Enter the newest room-cyber bullying-whereby children and teen
deliberately use digital media to disseminate false, embarrassing, or just plain
mean messages or pictures about one person to others. Cyberbullying can occur
via text, email, Facebook, Twitter, or other social media outlets. The American
Academy of Pediatrics calls cyberbullying “the most common online risk for all
teen.”
Studies have shown that between 25 percent to 45 percent of teens report
being bullied online. Many kids report such treatment having occurred more than
once. Cyberbullying is affecting all ages, as even young children often have
access to technology and the internet.
Children of all ages need to understand that the internet is not a “safe”
place, and that it is a public forum. Even if you delete a message or photo, it
actually continues to exist in cyberspace. Also, many teens mistakenly think they
will not “get caught” if they bully someone online or that such behavior is “not
that big deal.”
All parents need to discuss internet safety and the problem of
cyberbullying with their children. This is especially important for tweens and
teens, as they spend much of their time online. Just as kids must learn and practice
good manners in public, they also need to mind their manners online. If a child
would not say something to another young person’s face, then the same dig
should not be emailed or texted. It is really as simple as that.
This is what I call “the front door rule.” Tell your child that if he/ she
writes an email or text, or posts something derogatory about another person on
Facebook, Twitter, Instagram (or other sites), to think before they push “send”. If
they would not want to post the information on their front door for family
members and all the neighbors to see, they should stop, think and change- or
forget about- the message. It could hurt someone more than they realize and could
also be forwarded on to hundreds, thousands, even millions of others.

6. Which of the following best describes the topic of the text?

(A) Limiting children to the access of the latest technology
(B) Informing the younger generation about online intimidation
(C) Being aware of cyberbullying as the most common crime
nowadays
 (D) Understanding the disadvantages of using the internet as a public
forum
(E) Needing to learn good manners in public and online during
childhood

7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the text?

(A) Comparison and contrast
(B) Cause and effect
(C) Description
(D) Problem and solution
(E) sequence

In Egypt, the governments’ problems were compounded by resentment at the

ideology and intolerance of the Muslim Brotherhood. Across the Middle East, for
the first time, and this is a positive development, there is open debate about the
role of religion in politics. Despite the Muslim Brotherhood’s superior
organization, there is probably a majority for an intrinsically secular approach to
government in the region.

Society can be deeply imbued with the religious observance, but people are
starting to realize that democracy only works as a pluralistic concept where faiths
are respected and where religion has a voice, not a veto. For Egypt, a nation with
an immense and varied civilization, around 8 million Christians and a young
population who need to be connected to the world, there isn’t really a future as an
Islamic state that aspires to be part of a regional caliphate.

8. Which of the following best describes the organization of the text?

(A) A criticism of the effect of democracy in Egypt
(B) An explanation of problems of democracy in Egypt
(C) An example of the interplay between democracy, protest, and
government efficacy
(D) A comparison between democracy in Egypt and in other countries
(E) A description of what democracy is in the middle east

SBMPTN 2018
The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice.
Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs
involves the use of resources such as computers and the internet in daily
classroom practices. True integration occurs when the use of technology and
media becomes routine and transparent – when the focus of a child or educator is
on the activity or exploration itself and not on the technology or media being
used. Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and
media supports the goals of educators and programs for children provides children
with digital tools for learning and communicating and helps improve child
outcomes.

As the lives of children, parents, families and educators are infused with
technology and media, early childhood classrooms can benefit from the
possibilities of extending children’s learning through judicious use of these tools.
As part of the overall classroom plan, technology and interactive media should be
used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals
rather than in ways that distort or replace them. For example, drawing on a touch
screen can add to children’s graphic representational experiences; manipulating
colorful acetate shapes on a light table allows children to explore color and shape.

By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools – not as ends in and of

themselves – teachers can avoid the passive and potentially harmful use of non –
interactive, linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings.
Intentionality is a key to developmentally appropriate use.

Exciting new resources in today’s technology - rich world represent the next
frontier in digital learning for our youngest citizens, leaving it to talented
educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage each new
technology as an opportunity for children’s learning in ways hat are
developmentally appropriate.

9. How does the first sentence relate to the other sentences in paragraph 1?
(A) The other sentences in paragraph 1 explain further the kinds of
integration of technology and media that can be of benefits to young
learners
 (B) The other sentences in paragraph 1 explain the impact of the
integration of technology and media in early education explained in
the first sentence
(C) The other sentences in paragraph 1 are examples of the use of
technology in education
(D) The first sentence contains information that is contrary to the
information in the other sentences
(E) The other sentences vaguely support part of the statement in the first
sentence.

UM UGM 2016

If you had the opportunity to live forever, would you take it? The obstacles to
keeping your body alive indefinitely still seems insurmountable, but some
scientists think there is another possibility opened up by digital technology;
creating a digital copy of your “self” and keeping that “alive” long after your
physical body has ceased to function.

In effect, the proposal is to clone a person electronically. Unlike their familiar

physical clones- offspring that have identical features as their parents, but that are
completely separate organisms with a separate conscious life- your electronic
clone would believe itself to be you. How might this be possible? The first step
would be to map the brain.

How? One plan relies on the development of nanotechnology. Ray Kurzweil-one

of the prophets of artificial intelligence- predicts that within two or three decades
we will have nanotransmitters that can injected into the bloodstream. In the
capillaries of the brain they would line up alongside and detect the details of the
cerebral electronic activity. They would be able to transmit that information to a
receiver inside a special helmet or cap, so there would be no need for any wires
protruding from the scalp.

As a further step, Ray Kurzweil also envisages the nanotrasnmitters being able to
connect you to the world of virtual reality on the internet, similar to what was
depicted in the film ‘Matrix’. With nanotransmitters in place, by thought alone,
you could log on to the internet and instead of the pictures coming up on your
screen they would play inside your mind. Rather than send our friends e-mails
you would agree to meet up on some virtual tropical beach.

For Ray this would be, quite literally, heaven. Once you upload the brain onto the
internet and log on to that virtual world the body can be left to rot while your
virtual self carries on playing Counter Strike forever. Therefore, why wait when
you can have a shot of nanobots and upload your brain onto the internet and live
on as an immortal virtual surfer?

10. The text mainly discusses …..

(A) An endeavor to seek immortal life
(B) How nanotechnology relates to the concept of heaven
(C) Nanotechnology and its possibility to facilitate eternal life of human
mind
(D) How nanotechnology can work with the human brain
(E) The contradiction between technology and religions