03-Using Supply Chain Cost

Oracle
SCM Cloud
Using Supply Chain Cost
Management
Release 13 (update 17D)

Oracle SCM Cloud
Using Supply Chain Cost Management
Release 13 (update 17D)

Part Number E89229-01
Copyright © 2011-2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Authors: C Fehily, P Paleti
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Oracle SCM Cloud
Contents
Preface i
1 Manage Receipt Accounting 1

Receipt Accounting: Overview .................................................................................................................................. 1
Record and Review Receipt Accounting ................................................................................................................... 1
2 Manage Cost Accounting 91

Cost Accounting: Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 91
Managing Scheduled Processes for Cost Accounting: Explained ............................................................................ 92
Cost Planning ......................................................................................................................................................... 92
Item Costs .............................................................................................................................................................. 97
Cost Processing .................................................................................................................................................... 100
Global Procurement .............................................................................................................................................. 161
Analyzing Manufacturing and Inventory Cost Details for Cost Accounting: Overview .............................................. 206
3 Manage Landed Costs 209

Landed Cost Management: Overview ................................................................................................................... 209
Trade Operations: Explained ................................................................................................................................. 210
Landed Cost Charges: Explained .......................................................................................................................... 211
Managing Trade Operation Templates: Explained ................................................................................................. 211
Creating Estimate Landed Costs: Procedure ........................................................................................................ 212
Enabling an Invoice for Landed Cost Processing: Explained ................................................................................. 213
Creating Actual Landed Costs: Procedure ............................................................................................................ 213
Charge Invoice Association Status: Explained ....................................................................................................... 214
Uploading Trade Operation Charges in a Spreadsheet: Procedure ........................................................................ 214
Analyzing Landed Costs: Procedure ..................................................................................................................... 215
FAQs for Landed Cost Management .................................................................................................................... 216
Oracle SCM Cloud
Oracle SCM Cloud Preface
Preface
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i
Oracle SCM Cloud Preface
ii
Oracle SCM Cloud Chapter 1
Using Supply Chain Cost Management Manage Receipt Accounting
1 Manage Receipt Accounting
Receipt Accounting: Overview

Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting is used to create, manage, review, and audit purchase accruals. It includes the following
features:
• Create Receipt Accounting Distributions
• Review Receipt Accounting Distributions
• Clear Receipt Accrual Balances
• Manage Accrual Clearing Rules
• Adjust Receipt Accrual Balances
• Audit Receipt Accrual Clearing Balances
• Review Journal Entries
The Receipt Accounting business processes encompass the Record Receipt Accounting and Review Receipt Accounting
activities.
Record and Review Receipt Accounting

Receipt Accounting Tasks and Accounting Events: Explained
Use Receipt Accounting to:
• Create accruals for purchase order receipts that are expensed or shipped to inventory.
• Create accruals for intercompany trade flows.
• Create receipt inspection accounting for purchase order and interorganization receipt flows.
• Support budgetary control and encumbrance accounting
Receipt Accounting also has tools to help you reconcile the accrual clearing accounts as the accruals are offset by the
accounts payable accounting when invoices are processed.
Receipt Accounting Tasks and Accounting Events

The following table describes the Receipt Accounting tasks and processes to support receipt, inventory, and manufacturing
accounting, and the sequence in which the tasks should be executed.
Task Navigation Resulting Events
Transfer receipt transactions and tax Scheduled Processes work area > Schedule • All receiving transactions are
determinants from Receiving to Receipt New Process > Transfer Transactions from transferred from the Receiving
Accounting. Receiving to Costing application to the Receipt Accounting
application, along with the tax
determinants and related information
that is present on receipts.
1

• Receipt transactions are then ready in
the Receipt Accounting application for
further processing.
Transfer accounts payable transactions from Scheduled Processes work area > Schedule • All payable invoices that are
Payables to Receipt Accounting. New Process > Transfer Costs to Cost accounted are transferred from the
Management Accounts Payable application to the
Receipt Accounting application.
• Payable Invoices are then ready in the
Receipt Accounting application for
further processing.
Create accounting distributions for receipts of Scheduled Processes work area > Schedule • Accruals for all types of purchases
accrue at receipt purchase orders. New Process > Create Receipt Accounting • Accrual accounting distributions at the
Distributions time of receipt or return of goods and
services
• Trade accrual distributions for global
procurement, interorganization
transfers, and cross-business unit
shipments to customers
• Accounting distributions for expense
destination deliveries of purchases
marked for accrual at receipt.
These purchases are typically for
services procurement, one-time
item purchases, and expense usage
purchases.
• Variance calculations such as IPV,
ERV, TRV, TERV, and TIPV from
accounted invoice distributions
• Accounting distributions for invoice
variances
• Staging of variances into receiving
inspection for subsequent wash by
the inventory and expense revaluation
processes
• Accounting distributions for inventory
and expense revaluations
• Tax amounts are recalculated for
all receipt transactions. Taxes
are calculated by calling the Tax
application programming interface.
• Tax accounting distributions
• Budgetary control and encumbrance
accounting. You can enable
and perform budgetary control,
encumbrance accounting, or both.
Budgetary control and encumbrance
2

accounting are optional tasks, and are
enabled in Financials.
Create period end uninvoiced receipt • Provisional expense accruals for

accruals. Receipt Accounting work area > Create purchases not marked for accrual at
Uninvoiced Receipt Accruals receipt
Create subledger accounting. • Journal entries for receipt accounting

Receipt Accounting work area > Create distributions
Accounting
Review accrual distributions and tax • Review accrual distributions and tax
calculations. Receipt Accounting work area > Review calculations.
Receipt Accounting Distributions
Clear receipt accruals. • Automatic clearing of accrual balances

Receipt Accounting work area > Clear based on predefined rules
Receipt Accrual Balances
• Staging of information for revaluation
of inventory and expenses by cost
accounting and receipt accounting
processes
Generate and view reconciliation reports. • Accrual Reconciliation report

Scheduled Processes work area >
• Accrual Clearing report
Schedule New Process > Accrual
Reconciliation report
Scheduled Processes work area >

Scheduled Processes > Accrual Clearing
report
Create receipt accounting distributions. • Accounting distributions for cleared

Receipt Accounting work area > Create accrual balances
Receipt Accounting Distributions
• Revaluation and expense adjustment
entries for invoice variances or accrual
clearing events that modify acquisition
costs for purchases
Review uncleared accrual balances and • Staging for manual intervention for
perform adjustments. Receipt Accounting work area > Adjust exceptions of high material value
Receipt Accrual Balances
• Manual accrual clearing
• Manual adjustments and reversals of
prior accrual clearing adjustments
• Automatic creation of accounting
distributions for these adjustments
Match purchase order receipt accruals with • Manual reconciliation of accrual

invoices from payables. Receipt Accounting work area > Match balances
Receipt Accruals
• Review and audit accrual balances
that were final accounted.
Review accrual clearing balances. • Audit the General Ledger accounted

Receipt Accounting work area > Audit accrual balances on a periodic basis.
Receipt Accrual Clearing Balances
Related Topics
• Budgetary Control and Encumbrance Accounting: Explained
• Enabling Encumbrance Accounting: Critical Choices
3
• Accrual Reversals: Explained
Receipt Accrual, Reconciliation, and Clearing: Explained

When goods are interfaced from Receiving to Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting, Receipt Accounting recognizes the liability
to the supplier, and creates accruals for receipts destined for inventory or expense. For consigned purchases, the supplier
accrual is booked upon change of ownership.
Receipt Accounting then reconciles these accrual balances against the corresponding invoices from accounts payable and
clears them to inventory valuation.
The following discusses receipt accruals, their reconciliation, and clearing.
Receipt Accrual Creation

When goods are received and delivered to inventory or expense destinations, the receipt accounting application creates
accrued liability balances for the estimated cost of purchase order receipts. The application creates accruals for:
• Inventory destination receipts, which are always accrued on receipt
• Expense destination receipts, which are accrued on receipt, or at period end if the supplier invoice has not yet been
processed
When it processes the supplier invoice, Accounts Payable creates the actual supplier liability and offsets the accrual balances.
The accrued liability account typically has high volumes of entries going through it, and may have remaining balances that
must be justified if the account payable invoice has not yet been processed; or if the Account Payable invoice has been
processed, any remaining balance must be resolved and cleared. Receipt Accounting provides tools to help with this
reconciliation.
Receipt Accrual Reconciliation and Clearing

Some of the remaining balance in the accrued liability account can be automatically cleared by Receipt Accounting and Cost
Accounting to the appropriate purchase expense or asset account, based on your predefined clearing rules. However, some
of this balance will represent uninvoiced quantities, or other discrepancies which you will want to resolve and clear manually.
Example 1: Assume that the purchase order receipt is for 100 units at $5 each; the application creates a credit to the accrued
liability account in the amount of $500. When the corresponding invoice arrives from the supplier, it reflects 100 units at $6
each; the application debits the accrued liability account in the amount of $600. The difference of $100 automatically clears
and flows to inventory valuation.
Example 2: Assume that the quantity received is 99.4, and the quantity on the supplier invoice is 100. The processor does
not always know if that is the final invoice or if more invoices are pending for the uninvoiced quantity. If small variations are
normal, you can set up rules to automatically clear small variations, while large variations are verified manually. If there is
a predefined rule for the treatment of such a discrepancy, the application automatically clears the difference to inventory
valuation. However if no such rule exists, then you must clear it manually.
Audit Receipt Accrual Clearing Balances

After accrual balances are cleared to the appropriate expense or asset account, you can review and audit the final accounting
distributions generated by Receipt Accounting.
4
Receipt Accrual Clearing Rules: Explained

Define accrual clearing rules to clear accrual balances automatically. Accrual balances are often of unknown origin and
unpredictable. With accrual clearing rules you can specify when accrual balances should be cleared and written off. The Clear
Receipt Accrual process scans for applicable rules on the transactions, and clears the balances when rule criteria are met.
The following discusses the creation of accrual clearing rules using predefined attributes, and illustrates the results with an
example.
Predefined Attributes
The following table describes the attributes that are available in the Accrual Line tree in the Conditions browser:
Attribute Name Description
CmrPODistributionID Purchase order structure is based on the hierarchy of purchase order header > purchase order
line > purchase order schedule > purchase order distribution. The accounting for purchase order
transaction is at the lowest level of purchase order distribution. The accrual and charge account
codes are defined at this level. Invoices are matched and accrual is offset at the PO distribution
level.
This attribute represents the PO distribution ID on the PO document.
Percentage Over-Invoiced At each purchase order distribution level, receipt accounting tracks the original ordered quantity,
total received quantity, and total invoiced quantity.
Percentage Over-Invoiced Quantity represents the condition: IF (Net Rct qty - Invoice Qty) < 0 then
ABS(NetRecptQty - InvoiceQty)/ NetRecptQty
Percentage Uninvoiced At each purchase order distribution level, receipt accounting tracks the original ordered quantity,
total received quantity, and total invoiced quantity.
Percentage Uninvoiced Quantity represents the condition: IF (Net Rct qty - Invoice Qty) > 0 then
ABS(NetRecptQty - InvoiceQty)/ NetRecptQty
PO Status Status of the purchase order document. If PO status is Finally Closed then it is treated as Closed
and accrual is cleared automatically. For all other PO statuses, user can define the rules.
Possible values: Closed Or Open
PO Match Option Invoice match option defined on the purchase order schedule. It can be PO or Receipt.
Invoice Age Days or time since the latest invoice was recorded for a purchase order distribution.
Receipt Age Days or time since the latest receipt was recorded for a purchase order distribution.
Over-Invoiced Quantity When the invoiced quantity is greater than the ordered quantity, it represents the difference
between the two: IF (Net Rct qty - Invoice Qty) < 0 then Over Invoiced Quantity = ABS(InvoiceQty -
NetRecptQty)
5
Attribute Name Description
Under-Invoiced Quantity When the invoiced quantity is less than the ordered quantity, it represents the difference between
the two: IF (Net Rct qty - Invoice Qty) > 0 then Under Invoiced Quantity = ABS(NetRecptQty -
InvoiceQty)
Percentage PO accrual amount The balance in the accrual account for a PO distribution divided by the accrual value for the ordered
quantity: Sum(accruals in CMR and AP)/PO amount
PO amount = Net Order Qty * PO Price
Accrual Clear Amount Absolute value of balance in an accrual account for a PO distribution.
AP Accrual Amount Absolute value of balance (net of invoices and debit memos) in an accrual account in Payables
Subledger for a PO distribution.
CMR Accrual Amount Absolute value of balance (net of receipts, corrections and returns) in an accrual account in Receipt
Accounting Subledger for a PO distribution.
Supplier Supplier name on the purchase order document.
Supplier Site Supplier site code on the purchase order document.
Item Item on the purchase order line.
Item Category Item category on the purchase order line.
Example
This example illustrates the distributions for a purchase order with associated receipts and invoices.
The following table describes the purchase order details:
PO Header Supplier Supplier Site Status
PO#1234 Advanced Network Devices New York Open/ Close/Final Close
The following table describes the purchase order lines:
Item Item Category PO Price Ordered Quantity
AS54888 Raw Materials 100 USD 100 EA
The following table describes the purchase order schedules:
Schedule Order Quantity Match Option Status
1 100 EA Order or Receipt Open
6
Schedule Order Quantity Match Option Status
The following table describes the receipts and invoices:
Receipts Ordered Quantity Received Quantity Invoiced Quantity Accrual Account Status
Receipt 1 60 58 55 01-2210 Open
Receipt 2 40 40 45 01-2220 Open
The following table describes the purchase order distributions and accrual balances:
PO CMR AP Accrual Accrual Under- Over- Percentage Percentage Percentage

Distribution Accrual Account (B) Clear Invoiced Invoiced Under- Over- PO Accrual
Amount (A) Amount (C) Quantity Quantity Invoiced Invoiced Amount (C)/
= (A-B) Ordered
Quantity*PO
Price
Distribution 58*100 55*100 300 USD 60 - 55 = 5 Not 5/58*100 = Not 300

1 USD = USD = Applicable 8.62% Applicable USD/60*100
5800 USD 5500 USD = 5%
Distribution 40*100 45*100 (500) USD Not 45-40 = 5 Not 5/40*100 = 500
2 USD = USD = Applicable Applicable 12.50 % USD/40*100
4000 USD 4500 USD = 12.50 %
The following table describes the Rule 1:
Attribute Operator Value Conditions
PO Status = OPEN And
Percentage Under-Invoiced Less Than 10% Not Applicable
Results: The PO Status and the Percentage Under-Invoiced values meet the criteria of Rule 1; therefore the accrual balance
of 300 USD is automatically cleared.
The following table describes the Accrual Amounts Cleared Based on Rule 1:
7

= (A-B) Ordered
Quantity*PO
Price

5800 USD 5500 USD = 5%
The following table describes the Rule 2:
Attribute Operator Value Conditions
PO Status = OPEN And
Accrual Clear Amount Less Than Absolute (1000) USD Or
Percentage Under-Invoiced Less Than 10% Or
Percentage Over-Invoiced Less Than 10% Not Applicable
Results: The PO Status, Percentage Under-Invoiced, and Accrual Clear Amount Absolute values meet the criteria of Rule 2;
therefore the accrual balances of 300 USD and (500) USD are automatically cleared.
The following table describes the Accrual Amounts Cleared Based on Rule 2:

= (A-B) Ordered
Quantity*PO
Price

5800 USD 5500 USD = 5%
Distribution 40*100 45*100 (500) USD Not 45-40 = 5 Not 5/40*100 = 500
2 USD = USD = Applicable Applicable 12.50 % USD/40*100
4000 USD 4500 USD = 12.50 %
Receipt Accounting Cutoff Dates: Explained

The accrual cutoff date enables you to control when backdated receipts are accounted.
The following describes how Receipt Accounting uses offset days to determine the accrual cutoff date for processing
backdated receipts.
8
Using Offset Days

Offset days define the grace period for processing backdated transactions in the prior GL period. You can indicate the
number of offset days for a business unit in the Receipt Accounting work area, on the Manage Accrual Clearing Rules page,
Manage Accrual Cutoff Rules tab. Receipt Accounting uses the offset days to calculate the accrual cutoff date.
For example, assume the number of offset days is 3, then the accrual cutoff date for processing receipts in the October GL
period is November 3:
• A receipt that is backdated to October 31 but is processed on November 3 is accounted in October

• A receipt that is backdated to October 31 but is processed on November 4 is accounted in the November GL period
If the offset days are not defined, then the backdated receipts are processed in the prior GL period until the period is closed.
Closing a Receipt Accounting Period

Watch: This video tutorial shows you how to process receipt accruals in preparation for the closing of a receipt accounting
period. It also shows you how to schedule receipt accounting processes to run automatically.
Cost Management for Internal Material Transfers: Explained

Cost Management supports receipt accounting and cost accounting for requisition based internal transfers for items going to
either an expense or an inventory destination, with or without a receipt at the destination.
Self-Service Procurement, Supply Chain Financial Orchestration, and Cost Management have been integrated to provide an
estimated transfer price based on the internal cost of the items on the requisition. A transfer price is required on the internal
material transfer requisition line for approval, budgetary control, and encumbrance accounting.
Cost Management supports requisition-sourced transfer orders going to expense destinations with multiple distributions and
different expense accounts. Based on the account defined at the distribution level, Cost Management will book the expense
for the appropriate account. In the case of transfers to expense destinations where a receipt is not required, new logical
receipt and delivery transactions are created in Cost Management, similar to the physical events created with receipt expense
destination transfers when a receipt is required. Budgetary control and encumbrance accounting are supported for expense
destination internal transfer orders.
Budgetary Control
You can ensure that budget funds are available before a requisition for an internal transfer is submitted for approval.
Depending on your budgetary control configuration, the funds will be reserved either at the time the requisition is submitted
for approval, or when the requisition is approved. Insufficient funds override rules and approvers can be configured as part
of budgetary control setup. Cost Management liquidates the commitment and books an expenditure at the time of delivery
when a receipt is required, or at the time of shipment by creating a virtual receipt when the receipt is not required. The
Requisition for Internal Material Transfer transaction subtype has been added to enable budgetary control of requisitions for
internal material transfers.
9
Encumbrance Accounting
Encumbrance accounting entries are created for transactions subject to budgetary control and encumbrance accounting
when the Create Accounting process is run. Cost Management liquidates the reserve for the encumbrance account and
creates journal entries for the actual expense value.
Related Topics
• Enabling Budgetary Control: Critical Choices
• Reviewing Budgetary Control Validation Errors: Procedure
Receipt Accounting for Outside Processing: Explained

Receipt Accounting supports manufacturing outside processing, where one or more work order operations are outsourced
to a supplier who provides specialized manufacturing services. Outside processing transactions are accounted in Receipt
Accounting under the Destination Type of Manufacturing.
Accounting Distributions Created for Outside Processing

Cost Accounting supports the Purchase Order Receipt into Manufacturing transaction type for the costing of outside
processing items delivered to Manufacturing. The transaction processing depends on the cost method, as follows.
• Actual or Average cost method. The purchase price multiplied by the number of items received is added to the work
in process valuation.
• Standard cost method. The standard cost multiplied by the number of items received is added to the work in
process valuation. The difference between the purchase price and the purchase order is accounted as a purchase
price variance.
Related Topics
• Planning, Accounting, and Reviewing Outside Processing Costs: Explained
• Setting Up Items for Outside Processing: Explained
Consigned Inventory Accounting in a Simple Purchase Order:

Example
When an organization receives a shipment of goods under a consignment purchase order, the ownership of the goods
remains with the supplier even after they are in the custody of the buyer. Ownership passes from the supplier to the buyer
when the inventory is consumed.
When the inventory is consumed, two events occur: First there is a transfer of ownership to the buyer and the consigned
goods become owned inventory for a brief period of time, then the owned inventory is depleted.
The following example illustrates:

• The physical and financial flow of consigned inventory under a consigned purchase order (PO).
• The transaction that flows from Oracle Fusion Inventory Management into Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting and Oracle
Fusion Receipt Accounting.
10
• Accounting entries that Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting generate for the forward flow.
• Accounting entries that Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting generate for the return flow.
Scenario
Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno) ships the goods under a consigned purchase order to inventory
organization M1-Seattle.
The following diagram illustrates the flow of consigned inventory:
Supplier
Advanced Network Devices
(AND-Fresno)
Physical Flow
Inventory Organization M1-Seattle

Consigned Owner = AND-Fresno
Financial Flow
Contingent Owner = M1-Seattle
Ownership
Change

Owner = M1-Seattle
11
Transaction from Oracle Fusion Inventory Management

Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting receive the following transaction from Inventory:
• Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno).

• Consignment Purchase Order #1000.
• Purchase Order price USD 100.
• Ship-to organization is M1-Seattle which is the contingent owner. Contingent owner assumes ownership from the
supplier when inventory is consumed.
• Receipt and put away transactions performed in M1-Seattle inventory organization in consigned status.
• When the goods are consumed ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to inventory organization M1-Seattle.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions for the forward and return shipment of goods.
Accounting Entries
12
The following diagram illustrates the accounting entries for the forward flow from supplier AND-
Fresno to inventory organization M1-Seattle.
AND-Fresno
Supplier
Physical Flow M1:PO Receipt

Dr Consigned Clearing
Cr Consigned Accrual
M1:PO Delivery
M1-Seattle Dr Consigned Inventory
Consigned Owner Cr Consigned Clearing
Ownership Change M1:Transfer to Owned Issue M1:Consigned

Dr Consigned Inventory Offset Receipt Consumption
Cr Consigned Inventory Dr Consigned Accrual
Cr Consigned Clearing
M1:Trade Receipt Accrual
Dr Trade Clearing
M1- Seattle Cr Accrual
Owner
M1:Trade In-Transit Receipt
Dr Trade In-Transit
Cr Trade Clearing
M1:Transfer to Owned
(Receipt)
Dr Inventory Valuation
Cr Trade In-Transit
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate accounting entries under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the receipt
of goods.
The following table describes those accounting entries:
13
Subledger Event Type Accounting Line Transaction Type Amount in Functional Basis of Amount
Type Functional Currency
Currency
Receipt PO Receipt Consigned Debit 100 USD PO Price

Accounting Clearing
Receipt PO Receipt Consigned Credit 100 USD PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Consigned Debit 100 USD PO Price

Inventory
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Consigned Credit 100 USD PO Price

Clearing
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate accounting entries under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the change
of ownership from supplier AND-Fresno to M1-Seattle.
Subledger Event Type Accounting Transaction Amount in Functional Cost Element Basis of
Line Type Type Functional Currency Amount
Currency
Cost Transfer to Consigned Debit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting Owned Issue Inventory
Offset
Cost Transfer to Consigned Credit 100 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Consigned Consigned Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Accounting Receipt Accrual
Consumption
Receipt Consigned Consigned Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Accounting Receipt Clearing
Consumption
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual Clearing
Receipt Trade Receipt Accrual Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Cost Trade In- Trade In- Debit 100 USD Material PO Price
Accounting Transit Transit
Receipt
Cost Trade In- Trade Credit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting Transit Clearing
Receipt
14
Currency
Cost Transfer Inventory Debit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting to Owned Valuation
(Receipt)
Cost Transfer Trade In- Credit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting to Owned Transit
(Receipt)
Organization M1-Seattle returns goods to supplier AND-Fresno.
This figure illustrates the accounting entries for the return flow from M1-Seattle to AND-Fresno.
15
AND-Fresno
Supplier
Physical Flow M1:PO Return to Vendor

Dr Consigned Accrual
M1:PO Return to Receiving

M1-Seattle Dr Consigned Clearing
Consigned Owner Cr Consigned Inventory
Ownership Change M1:Transfer to Cons (Recpt) M1:Consigned Recpt

Dr Consigned Inventory Consumption
Cr Consigned Inventory Offset Dr Consigned Clearing
M1:Trade Return Accrual
Dr Accrual
M1- Seattle Cr Trade Clearing
Owner
M1:Trade In-Transit Return
Dr Trade Clearing
Cr Trade In-Transit
M1:Transfer to Cons (Issue)

Dr Trade In-Transit
Legend Cr Inventory Valuation
Cons = Consigned
Recpt = Receipt
of ownership from M1-Seattle to supplier AND-Fresno.
The following table describes the accounting entries for the change in ownership.
Currency

Accounting Consigned Inventory
(Receipt)
16
Currency

(Receipt) Offset

Consumption

Consumption
Receipt Trade Return Accrual Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Return Trade Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Receipt Trade In- Trade Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Transit Return Clearing
Receipt Trade In- Trade In- Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Transit Return Transit
Cost Transfer to Trade In- Debit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting Consigned Transit
Issue
Cost Transfer to Cost Debit 5 USD Not applicable Inventory is

Accounting Consigned Variance* received at
Issue the current
cost, and the
difference
between
transfer price
and cost is
booked as
cost variance.
Cost Transfer to Inventory Credit 105 USD Material Current Cost

Accounting Consigned Valuation
Issue
* Inventory is received at the current cost, and the difference between transfer price and cost is booked as cost variance.
Receipt Accounting generates accounting entries under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the return of consigned goods
from M1-Seattle to AND-Fresno.
17
Subledger Event Type Accounting Line Amount in Functional Currency Basis of Amount
+Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting PO Return to Consigned Accrual 100 USD PO Price

Supplier
Receipt Accounting PO Return to Consigned Clearing -100 USD PO Price

Supplier
Receipt Accounting PO Return to Consigned Clearing 100 USD PO Price

Receiving
Receipt Accounting PO Return to Consigned Inventory -100 USD PO Price

Receiving
Related Topics
• Cost Profiles, Default Cost Profiles, and Item Cost Profiles: Explained
• Consigned Inventory Lifecycle: Explained
• Consigned Inventory: Explained
Consigned Inventory Accounting of an Interorganization Transfer

Across Business Units: Example
An interorganization transfer is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods or services between organizations in the
supply chain. The following is an example of accounting performed by Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting and Oracle Fusion
Receipt Accounting in a simple purchase order with an interorganization transfer of goods across profit center business units.
The goods remain in consigned status until ownership changes in the receiving organization.
This example illustrates:
• Transactions captured in Oracle Fusion Inventory and interfaced to Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting.
• Transactions captured in Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration and interfaced to Cost Accounting and
Receipt Accounting.
18
Scenario
Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno) ships the goods in consigned status to inventory organization M1-Seattle,
who in turn transfers the consigned goods to inventory organization M2-LA. Inventory organizations, M1-Seattle and M2-LA,
are in different business units.
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Financial Flow Physical Flow
Business Unit 1
Physical Flow
Business Unit 2
Inventory Organization M2-LA
Financial Flow Contingent Owner = M1-Seattle
Ownership
Change
Business Unit 2
Owner = M2-LA
Interfaced Transactions
Oracle Fusion Inventory sends the following transactions to Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting:
19

• Goods transferred in consigned status from inventory organization M1-Seattle to M2-LA.
• When the goods are consumed ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to inventory organization M2-LA
through M1-Seattle.
Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration sets up the trade agreement, accounting rule sets, and associated
purchase orders, and the information flows into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting. The transfer from M1-Seattle to
M2-LA is based on trade agreement SFO #123 which has the following terms:
• Intercompany transfer price is USD 120.

• Intercompany invoicing is set to Yes.
• Profit tracking is set to Yes.
Analysis
20
Accounting Entries
The following are accounting entries for the forward flow.
M1:PO Receipt M1:PO Delivery

AND-Fresno Dr Consigned Clearing Dr Consigned Inventory
Supplier Cr Consigned Accrual Cr Consigned Clearing
M1:In-Transit Shipment M2:Consigned Trade In-

Physical Flow Dr Consigned In-Transit Transit Receipt
Cr Consigned Inventory Dr Consigned In-Transit
M1:Consigned Trade In-
M1-Seattle M2:In-Transit Receipt
Transit Issue
Consigned Owner Dr Consigned Inspection
Dr Consigned Receivable
Cr Consigned In-Transit Cr Consigned In-Transit
M2:Consigned Trade M2:In-Transit Delivery

Physical Flow
Receipt Accrual Dr Consigned Inventory
Dr Consigned Clearing Cr Consigned Inspection
Cr Consigned Payable
M2-LA
Consigned Owner
M2:Transfer to Owned M2:Trade Recpt Accrual
Issue Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Consigned Inv Offset Cr IC Accrual
Ownership Change Cr Consigned Inventory
M2:Trade In-Transit
Receipt
M2-LA Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT
Owner Cr Accrual
Dr Trade In-Transit GP
Cr Trade Clearing
M1:Trade In-Transit Recpt
Legend Dr Trade In-Transit M2:Transfer to Owned
Inv = Inventory Cr Trade Clearing (Receipt)
IC = Intercompany Dr Inv Valuation MAT
COGS = Cost of Goods Sold M1:Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Inv Valuation GP
MAT = Material Dr IC COGS Cr Trade In-Transit MAT
GP = Gross Profit Cr Trade In-Transit Cr Trade In-Transit GP
Recpt = Receipt
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the shipment from supplier AND-
Fresno to M1-Seattle.
21
+Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting PO Receipt Consigned Clearing 100 USD PO Price
Receipt Accounting PO Receipt Consigned Accrual -100 USD PO Price
Receipt Accounting PO Delivery Consigned Inventory 100 USD PO Price
Receipt Accounting PO Delivery Consigned Clearing -100 USD PO Price
Cost Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the interorganization transfer from M1-
Seattle to M2-LA.
+Dr/-Cr
Cost Accounting In-Transit Shipment Consigned In- 100 USD PO Price

Transit
Cost Accounting In-Transit Shipment Consigned Inventory -100 USD PO Price
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned 100 USD PO Price

Transit Issue Receivable
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned In- -100 USD PO Price
Transit Issue Transit
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the interorganization
transfer from M1-Seattle to M2-LA.
+Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Consigned Trade Trade Clearing 100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Receipt Accounting Consigned Trade Consigned In- -100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual Transit
Receipt Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned Clearing 100 USD PO Price
Transit Receipt
Receipt Accounting Consigned Receipt Trade Clearing -100 USD PO Price

Consumption
22
+Dr/-Cr
Cost Accounting In-Transit Receipt Consigned 100 USD PO Price

Inspection
Cost Accounting In-Transit Receipt Consigned In- -100 USD PO Price

Transit
Cost Accounting In-Transit Delivery Consigned Inventory 100 USD PO Price
Cost Accounting In-Transit Delivery Consigned -100 USD PO Price

Inspection
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the change of
ownership from supplier AND-Fresno to M1-Seattle.
Subledger Event Type Accounting Line Amount in Functional Cost Element Basis of Amount
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Accrual -100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 100 USD Material PO Price
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -100 USD Material PO Price
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany 100 USD Material PO Price

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -100 USD Material PO Price
Issue
ownership from M1-Seattle to M2-LA.
23
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the change of
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 100 USD Material PO Price

Owned Issue Inventory Offset
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned -100 USD Material PO Price

Owned Issue Inventory
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 120 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Intercompany -120 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual Accrual
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 20 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -120 USD Material Transfer Price
Receipt
24
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 100 USD Material PO Price

Owned (Receipt) Valuation
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 20 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup

Cost Accounting Transfer to Trade In-Transit -100 USD Material PO Price

Owned (Receipt)
Cost Accounting Transfer to Trade In-Transit -20 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Owned (Receipt)
Inventory organization M2-LA returns the goods to supplier AND-Fresno. The return of the consignment is executed in two
parts:
• An interorganization transfer from M2-LA to M1-Seattle. The accounting is the same as simple purchase order return
transactions.
• A consignment return from M1-Seattle to the supplier. The accounting is the same as regular return to supplier
transactions.
Related Topics

Within the Same Business Unit: Example
An intraorganization transfer is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods or services between organizations in the
Receipt Accounting for an interorganization transfer of goods within the same profit center business unit.
25
Scenario
Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno) ships the goods in consigned status to inventory organization M3-NY,
who in turn transfers the goods to inventory organization M4-NJ. Inventory organizations, M3-NY and M4-NJ, are within the
same business unit.
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Inventory Organization M3-NY

Contingent Owner = M3-NY
Physical Flow
Inventory Organization M4-NJ

Contingent Owner = M4-NJ
Financial Flow
Ownership
Change

Owner = M4-NJ
Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting receive the following transaction from Oracle Fusion Inventory:
• Consignment Purchase Order (PO) #1000.
26

• Ship-to organization is M3-NY which is also the contingent owner. Contingent owner assumes ownership from the
• Receipt and put away transactions are performed in M3-NY in consigned status.
• Goods are transferred in consigned status from M3-NY to M4-NJ.
• Ownership changes from supplier to M4-NJ through M3-NY when the goods are consumed.
Cost Accounting generates transactions for:
• Ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to inventory organization M3-NY and from M3-NY to M4-NJ.
• Transfer of goods from M3-NY to M4-NJ. The transfer is at cost because the organizations are within the same profit
center business unit.
Analysis
Accounting Entries
27
The following diagram lists the accounting entries for the forward flow.

Dr Consigned Clearing Dr Consigned Inventory
AND-Fresno Cr Consigned Accrual Cr Consigned Clearing
Supplier

Dr Consigned In-Transit Transit Receipt
Physical Flow Cr Consigned Inventory Dr Consigned In-Transit
Transit Issue M4:In-Transit Receipt
M3-NY Dr Consigned Receivable Dr Consigned Inspection
Consigned Owner Cr Consigned In-Transit Cr Consigned In-Transit

Physical Flow
M4-NJ
Consigned Owner M4:Transfer to Owned
M4:Trade Recpt Accrual
Issue
Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Consigned Inv Offset
Cr Interorg Payable
Cr Consigned Inventory
Ownership Change
M3:Trade Receipt Accrual M4:Trade In-Transit
Dr Trade Clearing Receipt
Cr Accrual Dr Trade In-Transit
M4-NJ
Cr Trade Clearing
Owner
Dr Trade In-Transit
Cr Trade Clearing M4:Transfer to Owned
(Receipt)
Legend Dr Inv Valuation MAT
Inv = Inventory M3:Trade In-Transit Issue Cr Trade In-Transit
Interorg = Interorganization Dr Interorg Receivable
MAT = Material Cr Trade In-Transit
Recpt = Receipt
The following table lists the distributions that Receipt Accounting generates under inventory organization M3-NY for the
shipment from supplier AND-Fresno to M3-NY.
+Dr/-Cr
28
+Dr/-Cr
The following table lists the distributions generated by Cost Accounting under inventory organization M3-NY for the
interorganization transfer from M3-NY to organization M4-NJ.
+Dr/-Cr

Transit

Cost Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M4-NJ for the interorganization transfer from M3-NY to
M4-NJ.
+Dr/-Cr
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade Consigned Clearing 100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade Consigned Payable -100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned In- 100 USD PO Price
Transit Receipt Transit
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned Clearing -100 USD PO Price
Transit Receipt

Inspection
29
+Dr/-Cr

Transit

Inspection
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M3-NY for the change of
ownership from supplier AND-Fresno to M3-NY.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization 100 USD Material PO Price

Issue Receivable
Issue
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M4-NJ for the change of
ownership from M3-NY to M4-NJ.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr


30
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Interorganization -100 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual Payable
Receipt
Receipt


Owned (Receipt)
Inventory organization M4-NJ returns goods to supplier AND-Fresno. The return of the consignment is executed in two parts:
• An interorganization transfer from M4-NJ to M3-NY. The accounting is the same as simple purchase order return
transactions.
• A consignment return from M3-NY to the supplier. The accounting is the same as regular return to supplier
transactions.
Related Topics
Consigned Inventory Accounting in a Global Purchase Order:

Example
Most large enterprises use a global procurement approach to their purchasing needs, where a central buying organization
buys goods from suppliers on behalf of the internal organizations. This includes trade transactions involving consigned
inventory executed under a global purchase order. Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
process these consigned inventory transactions and generate subledger journal entries.
• The physical and financial flow of consigned inventory in a global purchase order.
• Transactions that flow from Oracle Fusion Inventory into Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting.
31
• Transactions that flow from Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration into Cost Accounting and Receipt
Accounting.
Scenario
The supplier AND-Fresno ships the goods in consigned status to inventory organization M2-LA, through the purchasing trade
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Financial
Flow
Sold-to Legal Entity

Sold-to Profit Center BU 1
Purchasing Trade Org = M1-Seattle Physical
Flow
Profit Center BU 2
Ship-To Inventory Org M2-LA
Financial Contingent Owner = M2-LA
Flow
Ownership
Change
Profit Center BU 2
Legend Owner = M2-LA
BU = Business Unit
Org = Organization
32

• Sold-to Legal Entity is LE1.
• Ship-to organization is M2-LA which is also the contingent owner. Contingent owner assumes ownership from the
• Receipt and put away transactions performed in M2-LA in consigned status.
• Ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to M2-LA through M1-Seattle when the goods are consumed.
The trade agreement, accounting rule sets, and associated purchase orders are set up in Supply Chain Financial
Orchestration, and the transactions flow into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting. The shipment from supplier to
inventory organization M2-LA is based on trade agreement GP #123 which has the following terms:

Analysis
33
Accounting Entries
AND-Fresno
M2:Transfer to Owned M2:Consigned Receipt
Supplier
Issue Consignment
Dr Consigned Inv Offset Dr Consigned Accrual
Cr Consigned Inventory Cr Consigned Clearing
Ownership M1:Trade Receipt M2:Trade Recpt Accrual

Change Accrual Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Trade Clearing Cr IC Accrual
Cr Accrual
M1:Trade In-Transit M2:Trade In-Transit Recpt

Recpt Dr Trade In-Transit MAT
M1-Seattle Dr Trade In-Transit GP
Dr Trade In-Transit
Owner Cr Trade Clearing
Cr Trade Clearing
M1:Trade In-Transit M2:Transfer to Owned

Issue (Receipt)
Ownership Dr IC COGS Dr Inv Valuation MAT
Change Cr Trade In-Transit Dr Inv Valuation GP
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT
Cr Trade In-Transit GP
Physical
Flow
M2-LA
Consigned Owner = M2:PO Receipt M2:PO Delivery
Contingent Owner = Cr Consigned Accrual Cr Consigned Clearing
M2-LA
Legend
Inv = Inventory
IC = Intercompany
COGS = Cost of Goods Sold
Recpt = Receipt
MAT = Material
GP = Gross Profit
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the consigned shipment from supplier
AND-Fresno to M2-LA.
34
+Dr/-Cr
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Receipt
Receipt Trade In-Transit Trade clearing -100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Receipt

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

35
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Receipt Consigned Consigned 100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Consumption
Receipt Consigned Consigned -100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Consumption
Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt
Receipt



Owned (Receipt)
Owned (Receipt)
Organization M2-LA returns goods to supplier AND-Fresno. The following are accounting entries for the return flow.
36
AND-Fresno
M2:Trade Ret Accrual
Supplier M2:Transfer to Consigned
Dr IC Accrual
(Receipt)
Cr Trade Clearing
Dr Consigned Inventory
Cr Consigned Inv Offset
M2:Trade In-Transit Ret
Dr Trade Clearing
Ownership
M1:Trade Ret Accrual Cr Trade In-Transit
Change
Dr Accrual
Cr Trade Clearing M2:Consigned Receipt
Consumption
M1-Seattle Cr Consigned Accrual
Dr Trade Clearing
Owner Cr Trade In-Transit
M2:Transfer to Consigned
Issue
M1:Trade In-Transit Dr Inv Valuation MAT
Return Receipt Dr Inv Valuation GP
Dr Trade In-Transit Dr Inv Valuation OH
Ownership
Cr IC COGS Cr trade In-Transit MAT
Change
Physical Cr Trade In-Transit
Flow Cr Cost Variance
M2-LA
Consigned Owner =
AND-Fresno
Contingent Owner = M2:PO Return to Vendor M2:PO Ret to Receiving
M2-LA Dr Consigned Accrual Dr Consigned Clearing
Cr Consigned Clearing Cr Consigned Inventory
Legend
Inv = Inventory
IC = Intercompany
Recpt = Receipt
Ret = Return
MAT = Material
GP = Gross Profit
OH = Overhead
ownership from M2-LA to M1-Seattle:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Consigned Inventory
Receipt
37
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Consigned Inventory Offset
Receipt
Receipt Trade Return Intercompany 120 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Receipt Trade Return Trade Clearing -120 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing 120 USD Material Transfer Price
Return
Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -20 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Return
Cost Accounting Consigned Consigned 100 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Clearing
Consumption
Cost Accounting Consigned Consigned -100 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Consumption

Consigned Issue Valuation

Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 10 USD Overhead Not applicable


Consigned Issue
Consigned Issue
Cost Accounting Transfer to Cost Variance* -10 USD Material Not applicable
Consigned Issue
38
*Inventory is depleted at the current cost, and the difference between transfer price and cost is booked as cost variance.
ownership from M1-LA to supplier AND-Fresno:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Accrual 100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Return Trade Clearing -100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing 100 USD Material PO Price
Return
Return
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany -100 USD Material PO Price

Return Receipt Cost of Goods
Sold
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the return shipment from M2-LA to
supplier AND-Fresno:
+Dr/-Cr

Supplier

Supplier

Receiving

Receiving
Related Topics
39
Global Procurement Trade Accounting: Overview

Companies often design their legal structure for financial efficiency as well as efficiencies in the physical flow of goods
through the supply chain. Typically, the most optimal financial movement of goods is different from the most optimal physical
movement of goods. For example, the purchase requisitions from a group of subsidiary companies could be routed through
a single international purchasing company who deals with the suppliers. As a result, the legal owners of the purchasing
organizations will be different from the legal owners of the receiving organizations. This form of purchasing is known as global
procurement.
The following discusses:
• Global procurement trade flows

• Trade agreements and accounting rule sets
• Agreements converted to purchase orders
• Commonly used terms
40
Global Procurement Trade Flows

This diagram illustrates a typical global procurement trade flow, in this case between a US corporation and its China supplier.
The US corporation has a central procurement business unit which creates trade agreements and purchase orders on behalf
of its subsidiaries.
China Supplier US Corporation
Ownership Procurement
Change Business Unit
Event
US Inc
China Ltd Ownership Receiving Legal
Sold-to Legal Entity Change Entity
(Purchasing Affiliate) Event
CN BU US West US East
Management
China Sold-to Profit Receiving Profit Receiving Profit
Center Business Unit Flow Center Business Unit Center Business Unit
M1 M2
CN INV ORG Physical US Receiving US Receiving
China Purchasing Flow Inventory Inventory
Trade Organization Organization Organization
The China supplier drop ships the goods directly to the US receiving inventory organization M1. However for legal and
accounting purposes, the trade flows from the China supplier through the China sold-to legal entity (China Ltd), to the US
receiving legal entity (US Inc). For management and profit tracking purposes, the trade flows from the China sold-to profit
center business unit CN BU to the US receiving profit center business unit US West.
41
Financial Trade Agreements and Accounting Rule Sets

A trade agreement defines the parties in the trade relationship. In this example the trade agreement is between the US
corporation and the China supplier, and it defines the buying, selling, sold-to, and receiving legal entities, profit center
business units, inventory organizations, and trade organizations.
The accounting rule sets define source documents and accounting that is required in the legal and financial flow, also known
as the ownership change event flow. A rule set is associated with a financial route, and financial routes can have different
accounting rule sets.
The following illustrates a trade agreement setup for the US corporation:

• Agreement #: GP001
• Type: Procurement
• Supplier Ownership Change: ASN (Advance Shipment Notice)
• Primary Trade Relationship #: PTR1
• Sold-to Legal Entity: China Ltd.
• Sold-to Business Unit: CN BU
• Deliver-to Legal Entity: US Inc.
• Deliver-to Business Unit: US West
• Financial Trade Relationship #: FTR1
• From Legal Entity: China Ltd.
• From Business Unit: CN BU
• From Organization: CN INV ORG
• To Legal Entity: US Inc.
• To Business Unit: US West
• To Organization: M1
• Profit Tracking: Yes
• Invoicing: Yes
• Obligation Currency: CNY
• Rate Type: Corporate
• Transfer Pricing: Purchase Order - 10%
• Purchase Order/Sales Order: No
Trade Agreement Converted to Purchase Orders

The trade agreement is used to create purchase orders. The following illustrates a purchase order created under the US
Corporation trade agreement # GP001:
• Document Type: Purchase Order
• Document #: PO-GP001
• Document Line #: 1
• Document Line Detail: 1.1
• Document Line Distribution #: 1.1.1
42
• Item: SFO-CST_ASSET
• Quantity: 100
• UOM: Each
• Currency: CNY
• Price: 650
• Trade Organization: CN INV ORG
• Deliver-to Organization: M1
Global Procurement Common Terms

The following terms are commonly used in global procurement trading:
Terms Definitions and Rules
buy-sell relationship Relationship between two business units where one acts as a buyer and the other as a seller of
goods or services. The seller records the revenue, cost of sale, and receivables. The buyer records
the payables and inventory or expense. A buy-sell trade between internal business units is settled
through the transfer price.
asset item Inventory item where the cost of acquisition is valued as an asset on the balance sheet. The
inventory cost is expensed when it is consumed or sold.
expense item Inventory item whose cost of acquisition is booked as an expense.
transfer price The unit price that one business unit charges another for goods or services traded within the
enterprise. The transfer price is typically based on the price list, cost plus or minus, or purchase
price plus or minus.
financial route Designates how financial transactions are settled, can be different from the physical route, and may
involve one or more intermediary nodes. The intermediary nodes are internal business units that are
not part of the physical supply chain transaction but are part of the financial route.
Incoterms A series of sales terms in international trade, used to define the rights and obligations of the trade
partners with respect to the delivery of goods sold. Incoterms are used to divide transaction costs
and responsibilities between buyer and seller, and to reflect transportation practices.
intercompany profit and loss The internal profit or loss arising out of trade among business units in the enterprise. These internal
profits and losses are used for internal management but are typically eliminated when producing the
enterprise consolidated financial statements for external stakeholders.
intercompany trade The trade of goods and services between organizations belonging to different legal entities within a
conglomerate.
intracompany trade The trade of goods or services between two internal organizations within a legal entity.
ownership change event The transfer of title of goods and services from one party to another. This results in accounting and
the creation of financial documents such as Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable invoices.
43
price list Contains the basic list information and pricing attributes for items or product groups.
pricing option A method to compute the transfer price based on cost, source document price, or price list.
profit center A business unit that operates with its own income statement and reports to the legal entity.
purchasing trade organization The inventory organization reporting to the sold-to legal entity identified in the purchase order. This
organization is used for cost accounting the transactions in the sold-to legal entity.
qualifiers Business attributes of a supply chain document or transaction that determine the applicability of the
trade agreement.
supply chain financial orchestration An agreement between the legal entities, business units, and trade organizations of a corporate
agreement group. The agreement defines the parties in the trade relationship and the financial settlement
process.
trade distributions Subledger entries created by Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
for Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration trade transactions.
procurement business unit Has central responsibility for the creation of trade agreements and purchase orders on behalf of
legal entities and business units under the holding company.
Profit Center Business Units and Bill-to Business Units: Explained

Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting create accounting distributions for trade transactions
in the supply chain. These accounting distributions are associated with two kinds of business units: profit center business
units and bill-to business units.
The following explains the different business units associated with trade transactions and the assumptions used to derive
them.
Profit Center Business Unit

A profit center business unit reports to a single legal entity and is responsible for measuring the profitability of inventory
organizations under that legal entity. All trade transactions are associated with a profit center business unit which, in turn, is
derived from the inventory organization that owns the trade transaction. Cost Accounting uses the profit center business unit
to process all inventory transactions.
Bill-to Business Unit

A bill-to business unit is used to process receipt accruals in a trade transaction, and is the same business unit that processes
the invoice in Accounts Payable. For supplier accruals, the bill-to business unit is derived from the purchase order. For
intercompany accruals, the bill-to business unit is derived from the profit center business unit.
Related Topics
• Cost Organizations, Inventory Organizations, and Cost Books: How They Fit Together
44
Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Inventory:

Example
Most large enterprises use a global procurement approach to their purchasing needs, wherein a central buying organization
buys goods from suppliers on behalf of the internal organizations. Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost
Accounting process transactions for these global procurement trade events and generate subledger journal entries.
The following is an example of accounting performed by Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting for a global procurement
flow into inventory. It illustrates:
• Transactions that are captured in Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration and interfaced to Receipt
Accounting and Cost Accounting.
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the forward flow of a shipment from
the supplier, through the intermediary distributor, to the final receiving organization.
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the return flow from the receiving
organization to the supplier.
Scenario
China Supplier ships the goods to US Inc. through the intermediary distributor, China Ltd.
Transactions from Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration

The global procurement trade agreement, accounting rule sets, and associated purchase orders are set up in Supply Chain
Financial Orchestration, and the transactions flow into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting based on this setup:
• Purchase Order (PO) price from China Supplier to China Ltd. is USD 50.
• Intercompany transfer price from China Ltd. to US Inc. is USD 100.
• Overhead rule is configured in Cost Accounting for transaction type Trade in-Transit Receipt in Cost Organization
CO1.
• China Ltd books a profit of USD 40 (USD 100 transfer price - USD 50 PO price - USD 10 overhead).
Analysis
Accounting Entries
45
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the forward flow from legal entity China Ltd. to
legal entity US Inc.
US Inc (Receiving LE)

China Ltd (Sold-to LE)
US West (Receiving Profit
CN (Sold-to Profit Ctr BU)
China Supplier Ctr BU)
CO1 (Sold-to Cst Org)
CO2 (Receiving Cst Org)
M1 (Sold-to Inv Org)
M2 (Receiving Inv Org)
Trade Receipt Accrual Trade Receipt Accrual

Dr Trade Clearing $50 Dr Trade Clearing $100
Cr Accrual $50 Cr IC Accrual $100
Trade In-Transit Receipt Trade In-Transit Receipt

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Cr Trade Clearing $50 Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40
Cr OVH Absorption $10 Cr Trade Clearing $100
Trade In-Transit Issue PO Delivery

Dr IC COGS MAT $50 Dr Inventory Valuation MAT$50
Dr IC COGS OVH $10 Dr Inventory Valuation OVH$10
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Inventory Valuation GP $40
Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Cr Receiving Inspection $100
Legend IC AR Invoice PO Receipt

LE = Legal Entity Dr IC Receivable $100 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
BU = Business Unit Cr IC Revenue $100 Cr Trade In-Transit $100
MAT = Material
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
AR = Accounts Receivable Supplier Invoice IC AP Invoice
AP = Accounts payable
Dr Accrual $50 Dr IC Accrual $100
GP = Gross Profit
Cr Liability $50 Cr IC Liability $100
Cst Org = Cost Organization
Inv Org = Inventory Organization
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under business unit CN and inventory organization M1. Cost Accounting
generates distributions under cost organization CO1 and inventory organization M1.
The following table describes those distributions.
46
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Accrual -50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual

Receipt
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Overhead -10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Receipt Absorption

Issue COGS
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany 10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate

Issue COGS
Issue
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Issue
Accounts Intercompany Intercompany 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Receivable Accounts Receivable
Receivable
Invoice
Accounts Intercompany Intercompany -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Receivable Accounts Revenue
Receivable
Invoice
Receipt Supplier Invoice Accrual 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting
Receipt Supplier Invoice Liability -50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting
47
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under business unit US West and inventory organization M2. Cost Accounting
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Intercompany -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Sending

Receipt Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Receipt
Receipt

Payable Accounts Accrual
Payable Invoice

Payable Accounts Liability
Payable Invoice
Receipt PO Receipt Receiving 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Inspection
Receipt PO Receipt Trade In-Transit -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Accounting
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 50 USD Material Sending

Valuation Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
48
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup

Valuation
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Receiving -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Inspection
US Inc returns goods directly to China Supplier.
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the return flow from legal entity US Inc to legal
entity China Ltd.
49

Trade Return Accrual

Dr Accrual $50
Dr IC Accrual $100
Cr Trade Clearing $50
Trade In-Transit Return Trade In-Transit Return

Dr Cost Variance $10 Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Cr Trade In-Transit GP $40
Trade In-Transit Ret Rec Return to Receiving

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Cr Inventory Valuation MAT$50
Cr IC COGS MAT $50 Cr Inventory Valuation OVH$10
Cr IC COGS OVH $10 Cr Inventory Valuation GP $40
Legend
LE = Legal Entity IC AR Invoice Return to Vendor
BU = Business Unit Dr IC Revenue $100 Dr Trade In-Transit $100
MAT = Material Cr IC Receivable $100 Cr Receiving Inspection $100
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
AR = Accounts Receivable
AP = Accounts payable IC AP Invoice
GP = Gross Profit Supplier Invoice
Dr IC Liability $100
Cst Org = Cost Organization Dr Liability $50
Cr IC Accrual $100
Inv Org = Inventory Organization Cr Accrual $50
Ret Rec = Return Receipt
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Intercompany 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
50
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Trade Clearing -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual
Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -50 USD Material Sending
Return Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Sending
Return Organization
Cost
Return
Cost Accounting Return to Receiving 100 USD Material, Transfer Price

Receiving Inspection Overhead, and
Gross Profit
Cost Accounting Return to Inventory -50 USD Material Sending

Receiving Valuation Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Return to Inventory -10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Return to Inventory -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Receiving Valuation
Receipt Return to Trade In-Transit 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Supplier
Receipt Return to Receiving -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Supplier Inspection
Receipt Intercompany Intercompany 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting AP Invoice Liability
Receipt Intercompany Intercompany -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting AP Invoice Accrual
51
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Accrual 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Return Trade Clearing -50 USD Not Applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual

Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Cost Variance* 10 USD Not Applicable Inventory is
Return depleted at the
current cost, and
the difference
between transfer
price and cost is
booked as cost
variance
Return
Return

Return Receipt
Return Receipt

Return Receipt COGS
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany -10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Return Receipt COGS

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice
52
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Supplier Invoice Liability 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting
Receipt Supplier Invoice Accrual -50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting
Accounting of Interorganization Transfers Across Business Units:

Example
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the transfer of goods across profit
center business units.
Scenario
China Ltd. ships the goods to US Inc. The organizations are in two different profit center business units.

Orchestration, and the transactions flow into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting based on this setup:
• China Ltd. acquires goods locally at the cost of USD 50, plus USD 10 overhead on the receipt of goods.
• Intercompany invoicing is set to No.
CO1.
• China Ltd. books a profit of USD 40 (USD 100 transfer price - USD 50 acquisition cost - USD 10 overhead).
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions for the transfer of goods.
Accounting Entries
53
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the shipment from legal entity China Ltd. to legal
entity US Inc.

China Ltd (LE)
CN (Profit Ctr BU)
Ctr BU)
CO1 (Cst Org)
M1 (Inv Org)
In-Transit Shipment
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Trade Receipt Accrual
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade Clearing $100
Cr Inventory MAT $50 Cr IO Payable $100
Cr Inventory OVH $10
Trade In-Transit Receipt

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Dr IO Receivable $100 Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade Clearing $100
Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Cr IO Gain/Loss $40
Interorganization Receipt
Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Cr Trade In-Transit $100
Legend
LE = Legal Entity
Interorganization Delivery
BU = Business Unit
Dr Inventory MAT $50
MAT = Material
Dr Inventory OVH $10
OVH = Overhead
Dr Inventory GP $40
IC = Intercompany
Cr Receiving Inspection $100
GP = Gross Profit
IO = Interorganization
Cost Accounting generates distributions under cost organization CO1 and inventory organization M1.
The following table describes the distributions:
54
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting In-Transit Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Current Cost

Shipment
Cost Accounting In-Transit Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Current Cost

Shipment
Cost Accounting In-Transit Inventory -50 USD Material Current Cost

Shipment
Cost Accounting In-Transit Inventory -10 USD Overhead Current Cost

Shipment
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization 100 USD Material, Transfer Price
Issue Receivable Overhead, Gross
Profit
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -50 USD Material Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Issue Gain/Loss
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Interorganization -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Cost

Cost
55
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -100 USD Material, Transfer Price
Receipt Overhead, Gross
Profit
Receipt Interorganization Receiving 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Receipt Inspection
Receipt Interorganization Trade In-Transit -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Receipt
Cost Accounting Interorganization Inventory 50 USD Material Sending

Delivery Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Interorganization Inventory 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Interorganization Inventory 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup

Delivery
Cost Accounting Interorganization Receiving -100 USD Material, Transfer Price

Delivery Inspection Overhead, Gross
Profit
Accounting of Trade Transactions in Internal Drop Shipments:

Example
An internal drop shipment is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods from an inventory organization directly to a
customer, yet the business unit that sells the goods to the customer is different from the business unit to which the inventory
organization belongs. From the financial standpoint, the business unit to which the inventory organization belongs sells the
goods to the other business unit who, in turn, sells the goods to the customer.
The following is an example of accounting performed by Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting and Oracle Fusion Receipt
Accounting for an internal drop shipment. It illustrates:
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the drop shipment flow from the
selling organization to the customer of the buying organization.
56
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the return flow from the customer to
the seller.
Scenario
China Ltd. drop ships the goods to the customer of US Inc.

The trade agreement, accounting rule sets, and associated purchase orders are set up in Oracle Fusion Supply Chain
CO1.
• US Inc. books a profit of USD 40 (USD 100 transfer price - USD 50 PO price - USD 10 overhead).
Analysis
Accounting Entries
57
entity US Inc.
US Inc (Sold-to LE)

China Ltd (LE)
US West (Sold-to Profit Ctr
CN (Profit Ctr BU)
BU) Customer
CO1 (Cst Org)
M1 (Inv Org)
Sales Order Issue

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Trade Receipt Accrual Customer AR Invoice
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade Clearing $100 Dr Receivable $120
Cr Inventory MAT $50 Cr IC Accrual $100 Cr Revenue $120

Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 COGS Recognition
Dr IC COGS MAT $50 Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40 Dr COGS MAT $50
Dr IC COGS OVH $10 Cr Trade Clearing $100 Dr COGS OVH $10
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr COGS GP $40
Cr Trade in-Transit OVH $10 Cr DCOGS MAT $50
Cr DCOGS OVH $10
Cr DCOGS GP $40
IC AP Invoice
Dr IC Accrual $100
Cr IC Liatility $100
IC AR Invoice
Dr IC Receivable $100
Cr IC Revenue $100
Legend
LE = Legal Entity
BU = Business Unit
Trade Sales Issue
MAT = Material
Dr DCOGS MAT $50
OVH = Overhead
Dr DCOGS OVH $10
IC = Intercompany
Dr DCOGS GP $40
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
DCOGS = Deferred COGS
Cr Trade In-Transit GP $40
GP = Gross Profit
The following table describes the cost accounting entries.
58
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Sales Order Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Sales Order Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Sales Order Inventory -50 USD Material Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Sales Order Inventory -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany 50 USD Material Current Cost

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany 10 USD Overhead Current Cost

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
Issue

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice
The following table describes the receipt and cost accounting entries.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
59
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Cost

Cost
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -100 USD Split into three Transfer Price
Receipt lines (Material,
Overhead, and
Gross Profit)

Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred Cost of 50 USD Material Sending

Issue Goods Sold Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred Cost of 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred Cost of 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Issue Goods Sold
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit -50 USD Material Sending
Issue Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Sending
Issue Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Issue
60
The customer returns goods directly to China Ltd.
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the return flow from US Inc (Sold-to Legal Entity)
to China Ltd (Legal Entity).
US Inc (Sold-to LE)

China Ltd (LE)
CN (Profit Ctr BU)
BU) Customer
CO1 (Cst Org)
M1 (Inv Org)
RMA Receipt
Dr Inentory MAT $50 Trade Receipt Accrual Customer AR Credit Memo
Dr Inventory OVH $10 Dr IC Accrual $100 Dr Revenue $120
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade Clearing $100 Cr Receivable $120
Trade In-Transit Return

Dr Trade Clearing $100 RMA Gain/Loss Recognition
Trade In-Transit Return Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Deferred RMA Gain/Loss
Receipt Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 MAT $50
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade In-Transit GP $40 Dr Deferred RMA Gain/Loss
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 OVH $10
Cr IC COGS MAT $50 Dr Deferred RMA Gain/Loss
Cr IC COGS OVH $10 GP $40
Cr RMA Gain/Loss MAT $50
IC AP Debit Memo Cr RMA Gain/Loss OVH $10
Cr RMA Gain/Loss GP $40
Cr IC Accrual $100
IC AR Credit Memo
Dr IC Revenue $100
Cr IC Receivable $100 Legend
LE = Legal Entity
Trade Sales Return BU = Business Unit
Receipt MAT = Material
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 OVH = Overhead
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 IC = Intercompany
Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40 COGS = Cost of Goods Sold
Cr DCOGS MAT $50 DCOGS = Deferred COGS
Cr DCOGS OVH $10 AR = Accounts Receivable
Cr DCOGS GP $40 AP = Accounts payable
GP = Gross Profit
The following table describes those receipt and cost accounting entries.
61
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing 100 USD Split into three Transfer Price
Return lines (Material,
Overhead, and
Gross Profit)
Return Organization
Cost
Return Organization
Cost
Return

Payable Debit
Memo

Payable Debit
Memo
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Sending

Return Receipt Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred RMA -50 USD Material Sending
Return Receipt Gain/Loss Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred RMA -10 USD Overhead Sending
Cost
62
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred RMA -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Return Receipt Gain/Loss
The following table describes those accounting entries.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Inventory* 50 USD Material Current Cost
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Inventory 10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Trade In-Transit -50 USD Material Current Cost
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Current Cost
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany -50 USD Material Current Cost
Sold
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Sold

Receivable
Credit Memo

Receivable
Credit Memo
63
Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Expense:

Example
Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting process transactions and create distributions for
global procurement purchases that are received into expense destinations rather than inventory, and for services that are
expensed.
flow into expense. It illustrates:
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the forward flow of goods or services
from the supplier, through the intermediary distributor, to the final receiving organization.
Scenario
China Supplier ships the goods to US Inc. and the goods flow through an intermediary distributor, China Ltd.

• Purchase Order (PO) price from China Supplier to China Ltd is USD 50.
• Intercompany transfer price from China Ltd to US Inc is USD 100.
• Overhead rule is configured in Cost Accounting for transaction type Trade in-Transit Receipt in cost organization
CO1.
Analysis
Accounting Entries
64
The following figure illustrates the accounting entries for the forward flow from China Ltd (sold-to legal
entity) to US Inc (receiving legal entity).



Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Trade In-Transit Receipt
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade In-Transit $100
Cr Trade Clearing $50 Cr Trade Clearing $100
Cr OVH Absorption $10
Trade In-Transit Issue

Dr IC COGS MAT $50 PO Receipt
Dr IC COGS OVH $10 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade In-Transit $100
Legend IC AR Invoice PO Delivery

LE = Legal Entity Dr IC Receivable $100 Dr Expense $100
BU = Business Unit Cr IC Revenue $100 Cr Receiving Inspection $100
MAT = Material
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
GP = Gross Profit
65
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual

Receipt
Receipt
Receipt
Receipt Absorption

Issue COGS
Issue

Issue COGS
Issue

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice

Accounting

Accounting
66
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 100 USD Material Transfer Price
Receipt
Receipt

Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice

Accounting
Receipt PO Delivery Expense 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting
Receipt PO Delivery Receiving -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

US Inc. returns goods directly to China Supplier.
The following figure illustrates the accounting entries for the return flow from legal entity US Inc. to
legal entity China Ltd .
67


Dr Accrual $50
Dr IC Accrual $100

Dr Trade Clearing $50 Trade In-Transit Return
Dr Cost Variance $10 Dr Trade Clearing $100
Trade In-Transit Ret Rec

Return to Receiving
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Cr IC COGS MAT $50 Cr Expense $100
Cr IC COGS OVH $10
Legend
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
Cr IC Accrual $100
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
68
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -100 USD Material Transfer Price
Return
Receipt Return to Receiving 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Receiving Inspection
Receipt Return to Expense -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Receiving
Accounting Supplier


Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Intercompany 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual

Return
69
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Cost Variance* 10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Return
Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Return

Return Receipt
Return Receipt

Sold
Sold

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable Accounts Receivables
Receivable
Invoice

Accounting

Accounting
70
Accounting of Interorganization Transfers Within the Same Business

Unit: Example
An interorganization transfer is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods or services between organizations in
the supply chain. When the transfer occurs between organizations within the same profit center business unit, the transfer is
always at cost and there is no intercompany invoicing. Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting creates the trade events and they do
not flow through Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration.
The following is an example of accounting performed by Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost
Accounting for an interorganization transfer of goods between inventory organizations within the same profit center business
unit.
Scenario
Inventory organization M1 makes a transfer of goods to inventory organization M2. Both inventory organizations are under the
profit center business unit US West, which is under the legal entity US Inc.
Interorganization Transfer
The cost of goods transferred from M1 to M2 is USD 50 plus overhead of USD 10.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting entries for the transfer of goods.
71
The following figure illustrates those accounting entries.
US Inc (Shipping LE) US Inc (Receiving LE)

US West (Shipping Profit US West (Receiving Profit
Ctr BU) Ctr BU)
CO1 (Shipping Cst Org) CO2 (Receiving Cst Org)
M1 (Shipping Inv Org) M2 (Receiving Inv Org)
In-Transit Shipment

Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Dr IO Receivable $60 Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Legend
LE = Legal Entity
BU = Business Unit Interorganization Delivery
MAT = Material Dr Inventory MAT $50
OVH = Overhead Dr Inventory OVH $10
IC = Intercompany Cr Receiving Inspection $60
GP = Gross Profit
Accounting Entries
72
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Shipment

Shipment

Shipment

Shipment
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization 60 USD Material + Current Cost

Issue Receivable Overhead
Issue
Issue
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Accrual Organization
Cost
Receipt Trade Receipt Interorganization -60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Accrual Payable Organization
Cost

Cost

Cost
73
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -60 USD Material + Sending
Receipt Overhead Organization
Cost
Receipt Interorganization Receiving 60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Receipt Inspection Organization
Cost
Receipt Interorganization Trade In-Transit -60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Receipt Organization
Cost

Cost

Cost
Cost Accounting Interorganization Receiving -60 USD Material + Sending

Delivery Inspection Overhead Organization
Cost
Reviewing Item Costs and Accounting for Global Procurement Trade

Transactions: Explained
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting process and create accounting distributions for trade transactions in the supply
chain.
The following explains how to review the results of global procurement trade transactions processed by Receipt Accounting
and Cost Accounting.
Receipt Accounting Results

In the Receipt Accounting work area, access the Review Receipt Accounting Distributions page. On this page you can view
accounting details by Source Document Number and Source Document Line Number. Source documents are purchase
order schedules, transfer orders, and sales orders.
Cost Accounting Results

In the Cost Accounting work area:
• Access the Review Item Costs page. On this page you can view a breakdown of the cost of items, cost comparisons
of items across organizations, and cost trends over time.
74
• Access the Review Cost Accounting Distributions page. On this page you can view accounting details of trade
transactions by Reference Document Number.
Related Topics
• Reviewing Item Costs: Explained
Tax Accounting for Receipt Transactions Process Flow : Explained

To help you comply with tax regulations, Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting calculates taxes and generates tax distributions
for all receipt transactions.
Taxes can be accounted at two points:
• When the goods are received, that is at delivery

• When an accounts payable invoice is created, accounted, or paid
Receipt Accounting receives transactions and related tax determinants from outside sources such as Oracle Fusion
Receiving, Inventory, and Accounts Payable. The following discusses:
• Import of tax determinants into Receipt Accounting

• Tax distributions created by Receipt Accounting
• Tax-inclusive inventory valuation by Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
75
• Review of tax distributions
Receiving
Inventory
Accounts Payable
Transactions
and Tax Transactions
Determinants
Receipt Cost
Accounting Accounting
Create Cost Accounting

Create Receipt Distributions
Accounting Distributions
and Calculate Taxes Tax Acquisition Cost
Calculations Processor
Review Receipt Review Cost Accounting

Accounting Distributions Distributions and
and Tax Details Inventory Valuation
Import of Tax Determinants

Import transactions and related tax determinants from outside sources on the Scheduled Processes page in the Scheduled
Processes work area.
Run the following processes:
• Select the Transfer Transactions from Receiving to Receipt Accounting process to import receipt transactions into
Receipt Accounting.
76
• Select the Transfer Costs to Cost Management process to import accounts payable transactions into Receipt
Tax Distributions by Receipt Accounting

The Receipt Accounting Processor calls the Tax Application Programming Interface to calculate transaction taxes based on
imported tax determinants. The processor also generates tax distributions for receipt transactions.
Run the Receipt Accounting Processor on the Create Receipt Accounting Distributions page in the Receipt Accounting work
area.
Tax-Inclusive Inventory Valuation by Cost Accounting

The Cost Accounting Processor uses tax results generated by Receipt Accounting to calculate inventory acquisition costs
including nonrecoverable taxes.
Run the Cost Accounting Processor on the Create Cost Accounting Distributions page in the Cost Accounting work area.
Review of Tax Distributions

On the Review Receipt Accounting Distributions page in the Receipt Accounting work area view results of the Receipt
Accounting Processor:
• Distributions and journal entries for receipt transactions
• Tax determinants accessed by clicking the links in the Tax Determinants column
• Transaction taxes accessed by clicking the Transaction Unit Cost links in the Cost Information tab
On the Review Cost Accounting Distributions page in the Cost Accounting work area view results of the Cost Accounting
Processor:
• Distributions and journal entries for inventory transactions
• Inventory unit costs including taxes in the Cost Information tab
Tax Accounting for a Simple Procurement Transaction: Example

This example illustrates tax accounting performed by Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
for a simple procurement transaction that uses a tax point basis of delivery, that is, taxes are accounted at receipt of the
goods.
Scenario
The supplier makes a shipment to the inventory organization based on a purchase order (PO) for USD 1,000, with the
following tax details:
• Tax A delivery basis = 10%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both 50%
• Tax B invoice basis = 20%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both 50%
Tax Details at Receipt and Invoice

Tax details at the time of receipt of goods are:
• Tax A delivery basis = 15%, which is changed from 10% estimated at the time of purchase order. Recoverable and
nonrecoverable portions are both 50%, which is equal to USD 75 (that is, USD 1,000 * 15% * 50%).
77
• Tax B invoice basis = 25%, which is changed from 20% estimated at the time of PO. Recoverable and
Tax details at the time of invoice are:
• Tax A delivery basis = 20%, which is changed from 15% reported and accounted on receipt. Recoverable and
nonrecoverable portions are both 50%, however taxes are not recalculated because this transaction uses a tax point
basis of delivery.
• Tax B invoice basis = 30%, which is changed from 25% estimated on receipt. Recoverable and nonrecoverable
portions are both 50%, which is equal to USD 150.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions when the goods are received and when the invoice
is accounted.
Tax Accounting Entries

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of receipt:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt PO Receipt Receiving 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Receipt PO Receipt Receiving 75 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Inspection Based
Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt PO Receipt Tax Recoverable 75 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Based
Recoverable:
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt PO Receipt Receiving 125 USD Tax Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
25% * 50%
Receipt PO Receipt Supplier Accrual -1,275 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Accounting
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 1,200* USD Not applicable Not applicable
Valuation
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Receiving -1,200* USD Not applicable Not applicable
Inspection
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*PO price plus nonrecoverable taxes A and B.
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the supplier when invoice is created:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounts Invoice Supplier Accrual 1,275 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Payable
Accounts Invoice Tax Recoverable 150 USD Tax Tax B Invoice-

Payable Based
Recoverable:
USD 1,000 *
30% * 50%
Accounts Invoice Tax B Rate 25 USD Not applicable Difference

Payable Variance* between tax
estimated at
25% and actual
calculated at
30%
Accounts Invoice Supplier Liability -1,450 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Payable
*Tax variance due to the difference between rates at time of delivery versus invoice.
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries when invoice is accounted:
Subledger Event Type Accounting Line Type Amount in Functional Functional Currency
Currency +Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Receiving Inspection 25 USD
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Tax B Rate Variance* -25 USD
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Inventory Valuation** 25 USD

Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Receiving Inspection -25 USD

Adjustment
*Tax variance due to the difference between tax rates at time of delivery versus invoice.
**Inventory acquisition cost adjustment for nonrecoverable tax B.
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Tax Accounting for a Consigned Inventory Transaction: Example

for a consigned inventory transaction in the supply chain. This transaction uses a tax point basis of delivery, that is, taxes are
accounted at receipt of the goods.
Scenario
The supplier makes a consigned shipment to the inventory organization based on a consigned purchase order (PO) for USD
1,000 with the following tax details:

Tax details at the consigned receipt of goods are:
• Item value = USD 1,000
• Tax A delivery basis = 15%, which is changed from 10% estimated at the time of PO. Recoverable and
nonrecoverable portions are both 50%, or USD 75, that is, USD 1,000 * 15% * 50%.

• Tax A delivery basis = 20%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both both 50%, however taxes are not
recalculated because this transaction uses a tax point basis of delivery.
• Tax B invoice basis = 30%, which is changed from 25% estimated at the time of receipt. Recoverable and
nonrecoverable portions are both 50%, or USD 150.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions when the consigned good are received, when the
status changes from consigned to owned, and when the invoice is accounted.

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of receipt of consigned goods:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Consigned PO Consigned 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Consigned PO Consigned 75 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Receipt Clearing Based
Nonrecoverable:
80
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt Consigned PO Consigned 125 USD Tax Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
25% * 50%
Receipt Consigned PO Consigned -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable

Cost Accounting Consigned PO Consigned 1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Delivery Inventory*

Accounting Delivery Clearing
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of change of status from
consigned to owned stock:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Consigned Consigned 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Consumption
Receipt Consigned Consigned 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Receipt Accrual Based
Consumption Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt Consigned Consigned 125 USD Not applicable Tax B Invoice-

USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt Consigned Consigned -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable

Consumption
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 1,000 USD Material PO Price

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Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 75 USD Nonrecoverable Tax A Delivery-

Owned Issue Inventory Offset Tax Based
Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 125 USD Nonrecoverable Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned -1,200 USD Not applicable PO Price

Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 1,000 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-
Accounting Accrual Based
Nonrecoverable
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 125 USD Not applicable Tax B Invoice-
Nonrecoverable
Receipt Trade Receipt Tax 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Accrual Recoverable* Based
Recoverable
Receipt Trade Receipt Supplier Accrual -1,275 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 1,000 USD Not applicable PO Price
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-
Receipt Based
Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 125 USD Not applicable Tax B Invoice-
Receipt Based
Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Receipt
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 1,000 USD Material PO Price

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Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 75 USD Nonrecoverable Tax A Delivery-

Owned (Receipt) Valuation Tax Based
Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 125 USD Nonrecoverable Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Trade In-Transit -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Owned (Receipt)
*Delivery-based recoverable tax A is calculated on consigned receipt but will be accounted after ownership change event.
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries when the invoice is created:
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 1,275 USD Not applicable
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax B Recovery 150 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Recoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax B Rate 25 USD Not applicable

Variance*
Accounts payable Invoice Supplier Liability -1,450 USD Not applicable
Currency +Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Trade Clearing 25 USD

Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Trade Clearing -25 USD

Adjustment
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Tax Accounting for a Purchase Order Retroactive Price Change:

Example
for a retroactive price change on a purchase order (PO) receipt that is partially invoiced.
Scenario
The supplier makes a shipment to the inventory organization based on a purchase order for 10 units, at a per unit price of
USD 100. After receipt of the goods, a partial invoice is created for 2 units at USD 100 per unit.
The purchase order price changes retroactively from USD 100 to USD 120. The remaining balance of 8 units is invoiced at
USD 120 per unit.
Tax Details
This transaction uses a tax point basis of delivery, that is, taxes are accounted at the time of receipt of goods.
Taxes details are the same after the retroactive price change on the PO:
• Tax A delivery basis = 20%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both 50%.
• Tax B invoice basis = 30%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both 50%.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions at the time of receipt of goods, after the retroactive
purchase order price change, and for the differential invoice.

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of receipt of goods:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr


Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
20% * 50%

Accounting (Tax A) Based
Recoverable:
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Currency +Dr/-
Cr
USD 1,000 *
20% * 50%

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
30% * 50%
Receipt PO Receipt Supplier Accrual -1,350 USD Material Not applicable

Accounting
Valuation
Inspection
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the supplier when partial invoice is accounted:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounts Invoice Supplier Accrual 270* USD Not applicable Item Price plus
Payable Nonrecoverable
Taxes A and
B for 2 units =
USD 1,350/10 *
2

Payable Based
Recoverable:
USD 200 * 30%
* 50%
Accounts Invoice Supplier Liability -300 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Payable
*Accrual is debited to the extent of quantity invoiced, which is 2 units.
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries after the retroactive purchase order price
change:
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Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Retroactive Price Receiving 160* USD Material USD 120 - USD
Accounting Adjustment Inspection 100 * uninvoiced
quantity of 8
units
Receipt Retroactive Price Receiving 16 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Adjustment Inspection Based
Nonrecoverable:
USD 160 * 20%
* 50%
Receipt Retroactive Price Tax Recoverable 16 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Adjustment (Tax A) Based
Recoverable:
USD 160 * 20%
* 50%
Receipt Retroactive Price Receiving 24 USD Tax Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 160 * 20%
* 50%
Receipt Retroactive Price Supplier Accrual -216 USD Material Not applicable
Accounting Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Inventory 200** USD Not applicable Not applicable
Adjustment Valuation
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Receiving -200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Adjustment Inspection
*Retroactive price adjustment accounted only for the uninvoiced quantity, that is, 10 units received minus 2 units invoiced = 8
units uninvoiced.
** Retroactive PO price change plus nonrecoverable taxes A and B.
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the balance of 8 units:
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 960 USD Item Price USD 120
*8
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 96 USD Tax A Delivery-

Based
Nonrecoverable:
USD 120 * 8 * 20%
* 50%
86
+Dr/-Cr

Based Recoverable:
USD 120 * 8 * 20%
* 50%
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 144 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Nonrecoverable:
USD 120 * 8 * 30%
* 50%
Accounts Payable Invoice Recoverable Tax B 144 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Recoverable: USD
120 * 8 * 30% *
50%
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Liability -1,440 USD Not applicable
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the original invoice quantity of 2 units at the revised PO
price:
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts Payable Invoice Invoice Price 40 USD Difference in PO

Variance Item Price USD 20
*2
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax Invoice Price 4 USD Tax A Delivery-

Variance Tax A Based
Nonrecoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax Invoice Price 6 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Variance Tax B Nonrecoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Recoverable Tax A 4 USD Tax A Delivery-

Based Recoverable

Recoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Liability -60 USD Not applicable
Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting generate the following accounting entries for the differential invoice:
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Currency +Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Receiving Inspection 50 USD
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Invoice Price Adjustment -40 USD
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Tax Invoice Price -10* USD
Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Inventory Valuation 50** USD

Adjustment

Adjustment
*Nonrecoverable taxes A and B on the differential invoice price.
**Difference between invoice price and nonrecoverable taxes A and B.
FAQs for Record and Review Receipt Accounting

What is the recommended sequence for scheduling of receipt accounting processes?
The recommended sequence for scheduling the receipt accounting processes is:
1. Incoming transactions:
◦ Transfer Transactions from Receiving to Receipt Accounting process. Interfaces receipt transactions.
◦ Transfer Costs from Payables to Cost Management process. Interfaces accounts payable transactions.
2. Receipt accounting:
◦ Receipt Accounting Distribution process.
◦ Clear Receipt Accrual Balances process. Executes only if you have predefined accrual clearing rules. Marks
purchase orders for automatic clearing.
◦ Receipt Accounting Distribution process. Creates distributions for cleared accrual balances.
3. Subledger accounting:
◦ Create Accounting process.

4. Reconciliation and reporting:
◦ Match Receipt Accruals process. Matches purchase order receipt accruals with invoices from the payables
application. Perform at period close or as needed for internal reporting and reconciliation.
◦ Audit Receipt Accrual Clearing Balances process. Audit the General Ledger accounted accrual balances.
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How can I create subledger account rules and subledger journal entry rule sets for receipt
accounting?
Create your subledger account rules on the Manage Account Rules page. It is recommended that you highlight the
account rules predefined by Oracle, copy, and modify them as needed.
Create your subledger journal entry rule sets on the Manage Subledger Journal Entry Rule Sets page. It is recommended
that you highlight the journal entry rule sets predefined by Oracle, copy, and modify them as needed. For each journal line rule
specify the copied account combination rule.
In the Setup and Maintenance work area, you can access both the Manage Account Rules task and the Manage
Subledger Journal Entry Rule Sets task in the Manufacturing and Supply Chain Materials Management offering.
Note: You must configure the account rules and journal entry rule sets before proceeding with the setup of
subledger accounting rules for receipt accounting.
What are the accounting distribution basis options for consigned inventory transactions?
You can perform cost accounting of consigned inventory transactions using zero value or actual cost. Typically, the valuation
on the balance sheet for supplier-owned consigned inventory is zero. But you may sometimes want to perform accounting
using actual cost. In either case, the inventory valuation reports always display the pro forma value of consigned goods.
Select the accounting distribution basis for consigned inventory on the Manage Cost Profiles page in the Setup and
Maintenance work area.
What's a tax point basis?

A point in the receipt transaction process where taxes are accounted and reported to the tax authorities. These can be
classified into two categories: delivery-based and invoice-based tax points.
Delivery-based taxes are accounted and reported on the receipt transaction. Invoice-based taxes are accounted and
reported when the supplier invoice is created, accounted, or paid.
What's the difference between recoverable and nonrecoverable taxes?

Recoverable taxes are indirect taxes that are paid on the purchase of goods or services. Taxes can be claimed as credit
against the taxes that are payable by the tax payer.
Nonrecoverable taxes are indirect taxes that are paid on the purchase of goods or services. These taxes are accrued and
added to the purchase order price of the goods or services.
What's the difference between inclusive basis and exclusive basis in tax calculations?
Inclusive taxes are included in the assessable value or purchase price. For example:
• PO amount: USD 100
• Inclusive tax rate: 10%
• Tax: 100/1.10 = USD 9.09 (distribution amount divided by (1 + tax rate))
Exclusive taxes are added to the purchase price or assessable value. For example:
• Exclusive tax rate: 10%
• Tax: 100*0.10 = USD 10.00 (distribution amount multiplied by tax rate)
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Analyzing Manufacturing and Inventory Cost Details for Receipt

Accounting: Overview
You can use the Reports and Analytics work area to access predefined reports and analytics that are related to your role, and
to modify existing reports and analytics.
The following reports and analytics are available for Receipt Accounting.
• Accrual Clearing Report

• Accrual Reconciliation Report
• Uninvoiced Receipt Accrual Report
• Receipt Accounting Real Time
• Receipt Accounting Period Close Real Time
• Landed Costs Real Time
For more information on accessing and modifying reports and analytics, refer to the guide Creating and Administering
Analytics and Reports.
For descriptions of the reports and analyses, and information on accessing them, see the topic Oracle Supply Chain
Management Cloud: View Supply Chain Management Reports and Analyses.
Related Topics
• Creating and Administering SCM Analytics and Reports: Overview
• Oracle Supply Chain Management Cloud: View Supply Chain Management Reports and Analyses
• Reports and Analytics Pane: Explained
• Business Intelligence Catalog: Explained
• SCM Subject Areas in Oracle Transactional Business Intelligence: Explained
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Using Supply Chain Cost Management Manage Cost Accounting
2 Manage Cost Accounting
Cost Accounting: Overview

The Manage Cost Accounting business process is used by cost accountants to calculate inventory transaction costs,
maintain inventory valuation, generate accounting distributions for inventory transactions, analyze product costs, analyze
usage of working capital for inventory, and analyze gross margins.
The following figure depicts the activities of cost accountants within the Manage Cost Accounting business process.
Cost
Accountant
Manage Manage
Period Inventory
End Valuation
Record
Audit
Review Cost
Accounting
Analyze Product
Costs
• Manage Period End. Manage the timing of transaction processing, and perform validations in preparation for
accounting period close.
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• Manage Inventory Valuation. Adjust the cost of items to address inventory obsolescence, price changes, and other
variances.
• Record, Audit, and Review Cost Accounting. Create cost accounting distributions for transaction data that is
received from external sources, view and address any processing exceptions, and review results.
• Analyze Product Costs: View the perpetual average cost, actual cost, and standard cost details of an item, chart its
cost trend, compare costs across items, analyze usage of working capital and gross margins.
Managing Scheduled Processes for Cost Accounting:

Explained
You can use the Scheduled Processes Overview page in the Tools work area to run all of the scheduled processes that you
have access to. You can schedule these processes to run automatically at predefined frequencies, or to run on request. The
following table describes the scheduled processes for Cost Accounting.
Task Description
Transfer transactions from Inventory Transfers transaction data from Inventory to Cost Accounting.
Transfer work order transactions from Transfers work order transaction data from Manufacturing to Cost Accounting. This process can
Manufacturing also be launched from the Manufacturing application, as follows: Manufacturing Execution > Tasks >
Transfer Transactions from Production to Costing
Transfer Transactions from Maintenance Transfers Maintenance Work Order transaction data from Enterprise Asset Management to Cost
to Costing Management.
Export Standard Costs Exports standard costs for a Cost Planning Scenario in XML format to the Cost Management
directory on the Oracle Universal Content Management server. The Cost Management UCM output
directory name is scm/ standardCost/ export
For more information on Oracle Universal Content Management, see the chapter on integration in
the guide Implementing Common Features for Oracle SCM Cloud.
Related Topics
• Submitting Scheduled Processes and Process Sets: Procedure
• Managing Scheduled Processes That You Submitted: Points to Consider
• Transferring Transactions from Production to Costing: Explained
Cost Planning
92
Cost Planning Process: Explained

Cost Management provides robust support for planning, costing and analysis of manufacturing costs. It allows you to
determine which work definitions to use in costing, efficiently enter material and resource costs using spreadsheet import, and
perform cost rollup. You can use multiple simultaneous costs, for example, one for official external reporting, and one for your
internal simulations. It offers flexible, user defined account defaulting rules and valuation policies using cost profiles. In terms
of cost analysis, you can view costs by work order, operation, cost element, and variances.
The following topics describe the cost planning tasks, which are performed in the Cost Accounting work area:
• Estimating Standard Costs
• Managing Resource Rates
• Managing Overhead Rates
• Estimating Standard Costs for Assemblies
Estimating Standard Costs

You can use the Manage Standard Costs task in the Cost Accounting work area to create estimated standard costs for all
purchased items. The standards are created for a scenario, which is in turn mapped to a cost organization and cost book.
The cost estimation process includes the following functionality:
• Cost Estimates for purchased items can be shared across all of the inventory organizations mapped to the cost
organization and pointing to the same valuation unit.
• Estimated costs for purchased items can be entered directly in the UI or imported using a spreadsheet.
• You can enter estimates for one or more cost elements.
• If you enter a cost estimate for an overhead cost element, you can specify an expense pool.
• If you want to absorb costs against multiple expense pools, you can enter multiple rows for overhead costs.
• Standard cost material overheads can be defined for CTO model work definitions. The CTO model overhead is
applied to configured items created from the model's work definition.
• The logical receipt for a drop shipped standard costed item is costed at its effective standard cost. The valuation of
logical receipts is aligned with the valuation of physical purchase order receipts.
• Estimated costs for purchased items can have effective dates that are in the past, current, or in the future.
• Cost estimates for purchased items can be revised using the mass edit functionality and can be increased or
decreased by a percentage or a specific value.
• You can calculate standard costs for configurations on Purchase Order approval, and use these costs to calculate
variances at purchase receipt.
Managing Resource Rates

Resources are set up in the Manufacturing application. The Costed option in the resource definition must be selected in
Manufacturing to enable estimating resource rates in Cost Accounting. Resource Rates can be entered when a resource is
created in Manufacturing, or can be entered in Cost Accounting on the Manage Resource Rates page. Any pool of expenses
can be absorbed by resource rates. You can define hourly rates for labor and for equipment. A resource can have one or
many rates, each absorbing a share of a pool of expenses. You can enter multiple rows of resource rates to absorb multiple
pools of expenses.
Managing Overhead Rates

Plant Overheads, such as lighting and security, are absorbed by the cost object Item as a percentage of the material
cost. Work Center Overheads are absorbed by the cost objects as a percentage of the resource cost. You can use any
93
combination of resource rates and overhead rates to absorb factory costs into the work in process and finished goods
inventory value. When you use overhead rates to absorb factory expenses, you can define rates as a percentage of material,
or you can define hourly work center rates.
Overhead absorption rates are date-effective, enabling you to set different absorption rates for each quarter. You can have
one or many rates at different levels, such as at Inventory Organization, Item Category, or Item level. Each level absorbs
a share of the pool of expenses. These rates are used in cost roll up of an item and are published with the rolled-up item
cost. All of the indirect costs modeled as overhead are absorbed by the Work in Process cost object when published to cost
accounting.
Estimating Standard Costs for Assemblies

You can use the cost planning scenario to estimate the rolled-up cost of the manufactured items based on the selected work
definitions. You can perform incremental cost roll-ups to estimate manufactured item costs, and incorporate mid-period
corrections and rolling forecasts into estimates. You can use the Roll Up Costs task on the Manage Cost Scenario page to
calculate the total product costs.
The cost roll-up process calculates the unit cost to produce an item in two steps. The total cost is calculated as the fixed cost
operations plus the variable costs (the unit resource cost multiplied by the quantity consumed). The per-unit cost is calculated
as the total divided by the cost quantity. The cost roll-up experience is designed to facilitate an interactive cost estimation
process. You can review errors reported, review the work definitions being used for cost roll-up, change your work definition
selection criteria, and modify component purchase prices and the resource rate as many times as required. Once you are
happy with the cost calculations, you can publish the scenario to be used for standard cost accounting. You can use the
Undo Cost Update task to reverse the effects of any unintended cost updates.
Creating a Cost Planning Scenario: Procedure

A Cost Scenario is used to define the cost scope for cost organization and cost book combinations. You can use a Cost
Scenario to define the following costs:
• Material rates
• Resource rates
• Overhead rates
Use separate Cost Scenarios for planning costs for regular items and configured items. You can run processes such as Roll
Up Costs and Update Costs from the Cost Scenario, or you can schedule these processes to run at periodic intervals.
To create a cost scenario, complete the following steps.

1. From the Navigator menu, select Cost Accounting.
2. From the Tasks panel, select Manage Cost Scenarios.
3. Click on the plus icon to launch the Create Cost Scenario page.
4. Select the Cost Organization and Cost Book, and complete the required fields. The fields are described in the
following table.
Field Description
Effective Date The date on which the estimated standard costs for materials, resources, and overheads will be
effective as published frozen standard costs. The effective date can be a future, current, or previous
date.
Scenario Type Specifies whether the cost scenario is for regular items or configured items.
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Field Description
Use Latest Work Definitions Specifies whether the roll up process should check for the latest work definition changes from
Manufacturing every time the cost roll up process is run. If you do not enable this option, work
definitions from the previous cost roll up will be used.
Work Definition Priority

Define the priority for selecting work definitions. You can use the up and down arrows to order the
priority based on the following:
• Top production priority

• Top costing priority
• Work definition name
• A combination of the above
Retroactive Select this option to define standard costs for a new item if the frozen costs for the period have
already been published and accounted.
Uploading Standard Costs Using a Spreadsheet: Procedure

You can use a spreadsheet for bulk data updates to material standard costs. Add, edit, and delete operations can be
performed in online or offline mode, and then updated to the server. You can use a spreadsheet to complete bulk updates for
the following fields:
• Scenario Name
• Item
• Valuation Unit
The ADF Desktop Integrator is a prerequisite for capturing charges in a spreadsheet, and can be installed from the Tools
section of the Navigator menu.
To update standard costs using a spreadsheet, complete the following steps.

3. Search for the required cost planning scenario.
4. Select the scenario, and then select Manage Standard Costs from the Actions menu.
5. Click on Create Standard Costs in Spreadsheet.
6. Download the Create Standard Costs spreadsheet.
7. Open the spreadsheet. A pop-up message asks if you want to connect to an application. Click Yes, and enter your
sign-on credentials.
8. Use one of the following data input methods:
◦ Add the required new rows, and enter the values in the required fields. All of the white cells can be edited.
◦ Copy and paste the populated rows into the spreadsheet for bulk updates.
The Changed column is automatically updated with a change indicator icon to confirm which rows have been
modified.
9. Click Upload to update the values on the server. The Row Status column is updated with a success or error
message for each changed row.
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Importing Standard Costs Using File-Based Data Import: Procedure

You can use the Standard Costs Import Open Interface to import standard costs from external sources into Cost
Management. Once loaded, view the data in the Cost Accounting work area, on the Manage Standard Cost Import
Exceptions page, and validate the data by running the Interface Standard Costs process. On this page you can also view any
errors resulting from the validation process, fix the errors, and rerun the Interface Standard Costs process. After validation
is complete, the data is loaded into the Standard Costs Interface table, and the Manage Standard Costs page of the Cost
Accounting application. For more information on file-based data import, see the chapter on Standard Costs Import in the File
Based Data Import guide for Oracle Supply Chain Management Cloud.
The following tasks should be completed before importing data using file-based data import:
• Set up the Default Cost Profile for Cost Accounting in the Setup and Maintenance work area, and set the New Item
Profile Creation option to Automatic.
• Set up a valuation unit using the Manage Valuation Units task in the Setup and Maintenance work area. Make a note
of the Valuation Unit Code, which is required for the CSV file.
• Set up overhead cost elements for Cost Accounting in the Setup and Maintenance work area using the Manage
Cost Elements task.
To Import Standard Costs Using File-Based Data Import

To import standard costs using File-Based Data Import, complete the following steps.
1. From the Navigator menu, select Costing, and then Cost Accounting.
3. Create a cost planning scenario. Make a note of the scenario number, which is required for the CSV file.
4. Open the Standard Costs Import file-based data import template.
5. Complete the Standard Cost Headers and Standard Cost Details tabs using the instructions in the spreadsheet.
6. On the CSV Generation tab click Generate CSV File.
7. From the Navigator menu, select Tools, and then Scheduled Processes.
8. Run the Interface Standard Costs process.
This process validates the data, creates the required Cost profiles, and imports the costs into the Manage Standard
Costs page.
9. Review the imported data in the Cost Accounting work area, on the Manage Standard Cost Import Exceptions page.
Correct any costs that have a status of Error.
10. Publish the costs to make them available for costing transactions.
Related Topics
• Standard Cost Method: Explained
Analyzing and Comparing Costs: Explained

You can use the cost simulation tools to provide detailed analysis of the rolled-up costs. You can compare costs across
scenarios, or compare scenario costs with the current published costs, to review the differences in cost and inventory value
adjustments. You can view rolled-up costs for your items by using the tree view or by using the graphical hierarchical view. In
both views, you can drill down into the details which were used to calculate the item costs. You can create different scenarios
96
to represent different manufacturing and cost variables, and then compare the results. Once you are happy with the cost
calculations, you can publish the scenario to be used for standard cost accounting.
Updating Standard Costs: Explained

You can use the Update Standard Costs task to publish the costs to Cost Accounting. This task includes the following
features.
• Updates standard costs to cost accounting on demand.
• Performs standard cost updates for a past, current, or future date.
• Allows cost accounting to automatically implement the new standards when the effective date arrives.
• Allows you to review warnings and errors in publishing.
• Allows you to use the Undo Cost Update process to roll back unintended cost updates.
Item Costs
Reviewing Item Costs: Explained
On the Review Item Costs page view the perpetual average cost, actual cost, or standard cost details of items, chart cost
trends, and compare cost records.
The options available for analyzing item costs are:
• Cost details
• Transaction costs
• Cost comparisons
Cost Details
View the perpetual average cost, actual cost, or standard cost of an item for combinations of a cost organization, cost book,
and valuation unit. View these costs for a current date or any date in the past.
The Cost Details page displays additional information on:

• Cost breakdown: the item cost details for a receipt record. The breakdown is available by cost element, cost
element type, and analysis group.
• Cost history: the cost trend of an item over a period of time.
• Depletions: the layer consumption for issues out of a receipt record.
• Cost information: the cost details from the source transaction for a receipt record.
Transaction Costs
Select a time frame to view the perpetual average cost, actual cost, or standard cost history of an item, or specify the number
of days for the moving average cost calculation.
For each transaction contributing to the item cost history, you can view the cost elements, transaction source, document
number, quantity on hand prior to the transaction, transaction date, and transaction quantity.
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Cost Comparisons
Compare the cost details for up to six records of:
• Several items
• One item across several cost organizations or cost books
• One item over a period of time
Related Topics
• Cost Elements and Analysis Groups: Explained
• Cost Components, Cost Elements, and Cost Component Groups: How They Work Together
Standard cost variances arise when the transaction cost of an item differs from the standard cost. The variances could
indicate anomalies in the business process that should be addressed. Or they may signal that the standard cost is unrealistic,
leading to over or understatement of inventory value. In this case, you will want to update the standard cost.
This figure illustrates the stages of:
• Processing standard cost transactions

• Reviewing the resulting standard cost variances
• Updating standard costs
These tasks are performed in the Cost Accounting work area.
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The following diagram illustrates the process flow for reviewing standard cost variances.
Effective
Receipt Issue
Standard
Transaction Transaction
Cost
Cost Processors
Cost Processors Accounting

Distributions
Variance
Calculations
Review Standard Manage Standard

Cost Variances Cost Definitions
Processing Standard Cost Transactions

On the Create Cost Accounting Distributions page, run the Cost Processor to calculate costs for all receipt and issue
transactions using the standard cost method. For receipt transactions, if the standard costs differ from actual transaction
costs, the Cost Processor also calculates variances, such as purchase price variance, invoice price variance, or transfer price
variance.
On this page also run the Cost Distribution Processor to generate the accounting distributions related to the transaction costs
and the calculated variances.
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Reviewing Standard Cost Variances

The Cost Accounting Overview page, Variance Summary tab provides a view of total variances at the cost organization book
level, for a user-specified time range. Use the pie chart to see what top items are contributing to these variances. This will
help to prioritize the standard costs that require review. Use the historical trend graph to identify any cost patterns that should
be investigated. Click on any of the total variance links to go to the Review Standard Cost Variances page. You can also
access this page directly from the Cost Accounting work area.
On the Review Standard Cost Variances page you can drill down into more variance details at the item level, valuation unit
level, and individual transaction level.
Updating Standard Costs

Based on analysis of variances, and knowledge of upcoming cost changes, you may want to revise the standard costs you
use for cost accounting purposes. You can update standard costs on the Manage Cost Planning Scenarios page. Select your
Material Cost Plan, Resource Rate Plan, Overhead Rate Plan, and your Work Definition selection criteria. You can perform
cost rollup, review results, make corrections, then review your results and repeat until you are satisfied with the new standard
costs. After you have reviewed your costs, in the Cost Planning Scenario you can Publish Costs to Cost Accounting. The new
standard costs that you publish can take effect on a future date. The Create Cost Accounting Distributions process will then
automatically update your previous standard costs and create accounting entries to revalue inventory to the new standard
costs on the effective date of the new standard costs.
Related Topics
• Standard Cost Definition Process: Explained
• Standard Cost Accounting Distributions: Examples
Cost Processing
Cost Accounting Process Flow: Explained
Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting creates distributions for transactions related to the physical movement of goods or services
through the supply chain and tracks the corresponding financial changes in ownership.
The transaction data for physical shipments is interfaced to Cost Accounting from Oracle Fusion Inventory Management, and
the trade events are interfaced from Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration.
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This figure illustrates the flow of transaction data through the cost processors.
Imported Create Cost Accounting

Transaction Distributions
Data
Preprocessor
Review Cost
Accounting
Processes
Cost Processor
COGS
Processor
Review Cost
Cost Distribution
Accounting
Processor
Distributions
Cost Reports
Processor
Create Cost Accounting Distributions

In the Cost Accounting work area, access the Create Cost Accounting Distributions page to process imported transaction
data. On this page define the run controls by specifying the cost organization books and cost processors that you want to
execute.
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The main cost processors are:
• Preprocessor prepares all interfaced data for cost processing:
◦ Checks for invalid or missing data.
◦ Propagates the information to cost organization books and deriving their associated units of measure,
currencies, valuation units, and cost profiles. Note that the preprocessor runs for all cost books in the cost
organization.
◦ Maps incoming cost components to cost elements, based on user-defined mappings.
• Cost Accounting Processor processes:
◦ Physical inventory transactions
• Calculates costs for preprocessed transactions using the perpetual average cost method, actual cost
method, or standard cost method.
• Processes user-entered cost adjustments and applies overhead costs based on user-defined overhead
rules.
• Calculates the variance of standard costs from actual transaction costs.
• Calls the Acquisition Cost Processor to calculate inventory valuation including the tax component where
applicable.
◦ Trade transactions
• Uses the Trade Accounting Processor to process all in-transit transactions.

• Cost of Goods Sold Processor calculates the cost of goods sold and maintains consistency with the revenue
recognized in accounts receivable.
• Cost Distribution Processor uses the Intercompany Trade Accounting processor, Cost Accounting Processor, and
Cost of Goods Sold Processor results to create distributions for transaction costs.
• Cost Reports Processor: Generates inventory valuation data and is the source of truth for reports generated by
Oracle Fusion Transactional Business Intelligence and Business Intelligence Publisher. This process builds the data
required to report inventory valuation at two levels:
◦ Valuation unit level
◦ Receipt layer level
Review Processing Results and Messages

After running the cost processors, check processing results in the Cost Accounting work area:
• View warning and error messages on the Review Cost Accounting Processes page.
• See additional warning and error messages specific to each transaction on the Transaction Errors tab of the Review
Cost Accounting Distributions page.
Review Cost Accounting Distributions

A single inventory transaction can generate multiple cost transactions, for which Cost Accounting creates accounting data.
In the Cost Accounting work area use the Review Cost Accounting Distributions page to see cost information and
distributions related to each transaction, as well as receipt layers for receipt transactions, and depletion layers for issue
transactions.
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Related Topics
• Receipt Accounting Tasks and Accounting Events: Explained
Actual Cost Method: Explained

The actual cost method tracks the cost of each receipt into inventory. When depleting inventory, the processor logically
identifies the receipts that are consumed to satisfy the depletion, and assigns the associated receipt costs to the depletion.
The actual cost method uses receipt layers for transaction costing and inventory depletion.
Receipt Layers
A receipt layer is created for each put away or delivery of an item into a cost organization. The item is assigned a cost profile
that specifies the valuation structure of the item, and the valuation structure, in turn, specifies the valuation unit of the item.
The receipt layer falls within the valuation unit. Under the actual cost method, the cost processor identifies the receipt that
is used to satisfy the depletion, and applies the quantity depletion method that is defined in the cost profile. The accounting
application currently uses the first in, first out (FIFO) depletion method.
The FIFO accounting method assumes that the goods received first are consumed first. This logic does not require that the
inventory be physically moved in FIFO order. In reality, the inventory may be moving out in an unknown or random fashion,
especially when the goods are fungible.
Inventory controls the physical flow of inventory, and the actual cost method can be configured to conform to the level of
physical tracking maintained for inventory. For example, if the inventory is tracking at the lot level, the costs can also be
tracked at that level. If there is more than one receipt for a given lot, the FIFO accounting method assumes that the receipts in
the lot are consumed in FIFO order.
Receipt layers can be identified by combinations of any of the following: cost organization, inventory organization,
subinventory, locator, lot, serial and grade.
The following table illustrates the process of creating receipt layers for an item within a valuation unit.
Transaction Date Transaction Type Quantity Unit Cost Receipt Layer Created
01-Jan-2011 PO Receipt 100 120 USD Receipt #1
02-Jan-2011 PO Receipt 80 100 USD Receipt #2
03-Jan-2011 Miscellaneous Receipt 20 105 USD Receipt #3
Inventory Depletion
This table illustrates the process of depleting the item inventory based on the created receipt layers using FIFO logic:
Transaction Date Transaction Type Quantity Unit Cost Receipt Layer Receipt Layer Used
Created for Depletion
01-Jan-2011 PO Receipt 100 120 USD Receipt #1 Not applicable
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Transaction Date Transaction Type Quantity Unit Cost Receipt Layer Receipt Layer Used
Created for Depletion
02-Jan-2011 PO Receipt 80 100 USD Receipt #2 Not applicable
03-Jan-2011 Miscellaneous 20 105 USD Receipt #3 Not applicable

Receipt
04-Jan-2011 Miscellaneous Issue -40 120 USD Not applicable Receipt #1
Using the Actual Cost Method: Example

This example illustrates how the cost processor uses the actual cost method to cost: inventory receipts, cost of goods sold,
and the value of beginning and ending inventory.
Scenario
A restaurant business receives two shipments of raw material for a total of 25 units, and a sales order of 12 units. The unit is
defined as a sandwich, and the raw material is defined as sandwich food ingredients.
Transaction Details
The business needs to calculate:
• Overhead absorption on the two receipts.
• The value of beginning and ending inventory, including raw materials and overhead absorption.
• Cost of good sold.
Analysis
Following are the details for two receipts of raw materials:
Receipt ID Inventory Value
Receipt #1 10 * $10 = $100
Receipt #2 15 * $12 = $180
The cost processor calculates overhead absorption for the two receipts as follows:
Receipt ID Overhead Absorption
Receipt #1 Labor: $5
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Receipt ID Overhead Absorption

Facility: $3
Receipt #2 Labor: $8
Facility: $7
Resulting Accounting Distributions

The distribution processor generates the following accounting entries:
Event Accounting Entry
Receipt #1: 10 units raw material Dr Inventory-Raw Material $100
Cr Receiving $100
Receipt #1: overhead Dr Inventory-Labor $5
Dr Inventory-Facility $3
Cr Overhead Absorption $8
Receipt #2: 15 units raw material Dr Inventory-Raw Material $180
Cr Receiving $180
Receipt #2: overhead Dr Inventory-Labor $8
Dr Inventory-Facility $7
Dr Overhead Absorption $15
COGS for 12 units (10 * $108/10) + (2 * Dr COGS $134

$195/15)
Cr Inventory $134
The beginning inventory is 25 units valued at: 10 * $10.8 + 15 * $13 = $303.
The ending inventory is 13 units valued at: 13 * $13 = $169.
Cost Adjustments and Cost Distributions: Explained

Adjust the cost of items to manage obsolescence, or to mark down inventory to address "lower of cost or market
requirements", price changes, and variances. You can make adjustments to the perpetual average cost of items, purchase
order and miscellaneous receipt costs, and layer inventory cost.
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This figure illustrates the process for making cost adjustments, processing them, and viewing results.
Layer Perpetual
Receipt
Inventory Average
Cost
Cost Item Cost
Adjustments
Adjustments Adjustments
Cost Processor
Updated
Distribution
Item Costs
Processor
Accounting
Distributions
for
Adjustments
The costing application enables you to adjust costs, process them, and create the corresponding cost accounting
distributions.
Entering Cost Adjustments

Adjust the cost of items on the Create Cost Adjustments page. You can make three kinds of adjustments for combinations of
a cost organization, cost book, valuation unit, and cost element.
If you want to track the adjustment through the supply chain, use a cost element of type Adjustment:
• Perpetual average item cost. Enter the new average unit cost. The processor will automatically adjust the overall
average cost for the quantity on hand.
• Receipt cost. The receipt cost is adjusted by an update from purchasing or accounts payable, or you can manually
enter new receipt costs, PO receipts, interorganization receipts, miscellaneous receipts, or RMA receipts. The
processor will automatically adjust the cost of the remaining receipt quantity.
• Layer inventory cost. You can adjust the unit cost of items that use the actual cost method. The processor will
automatically adjust the value of the on-hand receipt layer quantity.
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You can bundle multiple records, such as multiple receipts or valuation units, into a single adjustment transaction, and when
submitted, they are assigned an adjustment number. Optionally, you can also specify a reason code.
Save the adjustment and review the impact to inventory valuations based on the quantity on hand at the time of adjustment.
Do this prior to final submission for cost processing, so that you can revise as necessary. After final review and submission,
you can still void the adjustment, provided it is not yet processed by the cost processor. However, the adjustment cannot be
reversed once processed. Accordingly, the adjustment status code is automatically set to: S for submitted, C for voided, or P
for pending processing.
Processing Adjustments
When you review and submit a cost adjustment, the cost processor creates a new adjustment transaction:
• For a perpetual average item cost adjustment, the processor updates the perpetual average cost of the item in that
combination of cost organization, cost book, item, and valuation unit. The processor then applies the perpetual
average item cost adjustment against inventory valuation at the rate of quantity on hand times the change in cost.
• For a receipt cost adjustment, the processor updates the receipt cost for the portion of the receipt that is part of the
current on-hand balance. The portion of the adjustment attributable to what is no longer part of the on-hand balance
will be accounted for with a write off distribution. However, if the cost profile of the item has cost propagation
enabled, the processor revalues the issue transactions that were consumed out of the receipt.
• For a layer inventory cost adjustment, the processor updates the unit cost of the item in that combination of cost
organization, cost book and valuation unit. The processor then updates inventory valuation at the rate of quantity on
hand times the change in cost.
Example 1: Assume a receipt of 8 units, all of which are currently on hand. The valuation unit has a total of 10 units on hand.
You adjust the cost of the receipt from $10 to $11 per unit. The processor adjusts the average cost by $0.80 (that is, 8/
(Division symbol) 10 * (Multiplication symbol) $1).
Example 2: Assume a receipt of 8 units, of which 6 units are currently on hand, and 2 units have been depleted. The valuation
unit has a total of 10 units on hand. You manually adjust the cost of the receipt from $10 to $11 per unit. The processor
adjusts the receipt cost by $6 (that is, 6 *(Multiplication symbol) $1), and creates a write off accounting distribution of $2 (that
is, 2 * (Multiplication symbol) $1).
Example 3: Assume a valuation unit has a total of 7 units on hand, valued at $10 per unit. You manually adjust the unit cost to
$12 per unit. The processor adjusts inventory value by $14 (that is, 7 * (Multiplication symbol) $2).
Reviewing Cost Adjustment Results

After running the cost processors, check processing results, including warning and error messages, on the Review Cost
Accounting Processes page.
Review the accounting entries resulting from the cost adjustments on the Review Cost Distributions page.
Review the updated perpetual average cost or actual cost of items on the Review Item Costs page.
Making Cost Adjustments: Examples

Adjust the cost of an item to reflect fluctuating market costs, or to reflect other changes, such as increased overhead costs.
The following are examples of cost adjustments.
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Adjustment at Item Cost Level

Assume the average cost of an item increases from $5 to $6, and the quantity on hand is 100 each. The distribution
processor creates the following accounting entry to adjust the item cost.
Accounting Line Type Debit Credit
Inventory Valuation $100 Not applicable
Cost Adjustment Not applicable $100
Adjustment at Cost Element Level

Assume that an item has the following cost structure.
Cost Element Amount
Material $4.00
Freight $1.00
Tax $0.50
Utilities $0.50
If the quantity on hand is 100 each, and you want to increase utilities cost from $0.50 to $1.00, the distribution processor
creates the following accounting entry to adjust the item cost.
Inventory Valuation - Utilities $50 Not applicable
Layer Inventory Cost Adjustment

Assume that you adjust the cost of an item from $9 to $11, and the remaining receipt layer quantity is 60 units. The
distribution processor creates the following accounting entry to update inventory valuation.
Inventory Valuation $120 Not applicable
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Receipt Cost Adjustment and Propagation: Explained

You may need to adjust the cost of a processed receipt for reasons such as invoice price variances, retroactive purchase
order price changes, or prior adjustments. If you are using the actual cost method for transaction costing, you can propagate
such adjustments to downstream inventory consumption transactions; and in the case of an interorganization transfer, you
can propagate the receipt cost adjustment to the destination inventory organization.
• Receipt cost adjustments

• Propagation of receipt cost adjustments
Receipt Cost Adjustments

Enter receipt cost adjustments on the Create Cost Adjustments page. Because these adjustments could distort the view of
costs and margins downstream in the supply chain, you have the option of tracking them separately by using cost elements
of type Adjustment.
If you are not tracking cost adjustments separately, you can use cost elements of type Material, Overhead, or Profit in
Inventory.
Propagation of Receipt Cost Adjustments

You can propagate cost adjustments through the supply chain only if you are using the actual cost method for transaction
costing. To do this you must enable propagation in the cost profile setup on the Create Cost Profile page.
When propagation is enabled, the cost processor:
• Propagates receipt cost adjustments to downstream transactions by revaluing the transactions to the extent of
quantity consumed.
• Revalues any remaining inventory.
For interorganization transfers, the cost processor adjusts receipt costs in the destination organization and all organizations
in between, provided that propagation is enabled in all of them. On the other hand, propagation stops if an inventory
organization is associated with a cost profile that does not use the actual cost method, or does not have propagation
enabled.
The processor always propagates cost adjustments through in-transit inventory organizations, regardless of propagation
enablement.
If propagation is not enabled, then the receipt cost adjustment is written off as an expense for all inventory that is consumed.
Related Topics
Receipt Cost Adjustment: Example

This example illustrates the accounting entries resulting from a receipt cost adjustment for an invoice price variance, the
revaluation of inventory, and propagation of the cost adjustment to interorganization transfers and sales issues.
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Scenario
Organization A has a purchase order receipt, for which it subsequently processes an invoice price variance adjustment.
Organization A fills a sales order, and transfers some of its inventory to Organization B, who fills another sales order.
Transaction Details
Organization A has a PO receipt of 100 units at $100 per unit, of which it sells 30 units, and transfers 20 units to Organization
B at a transfer price of $125. Organization B in turn sells 6 units. The IPV for the initial PO receipt is $20 per unit.
Analysis
Run the cost processor to cost the initial PO receipt, the interorganization transfer, and the sales issues from Organization A
and Organization B. After entering the receipt cost adjustment for the IPV of $20 per unit, rerun the cost processor to update
the value of remaining inventory, and to propagate the IPV adjustment to the interorganization transfer, and the sales issues
from Organization A and Organization B.
Resulting Accounting Entries

The cost distribution processor creates accounting entries for the PO receipt, interorganization transfer to Organization B, and
sales issues from Organization A and Organization B. The following table describes those accounting entries:
Event Accounting Entries
Organization A PO receipt: 100 units at Dr Inventory (Material) $100*100

$100
Cr Receiving Inspection $100*100
Sales issue from Organization A: 30 Dr DCOGS $100*30

units at $100 per unit
Cr Inventory $100*30
100 percent COGS recognition for sales Dr COGS $100*30

issue
Cr DCOGS $100*30
Transfer from Organization A to Dr Interorganization Receivable $125*20

Organization B: 20 units at $125 per unit
Cr Inventory (Material) $100*20
Cr Interorganization (Gain/Loss) $25*20
Interorganization receipt by Organization Dr Inventory (Material) $100*20

B from Organization A: 20 units at $125
Dr Inventory (Profit in Inventory) $25*20
Cr Interorganization Payable $125*20
Sales issue from Organization B: 6 units Dr DCOGS (Material) $100*6

at $125 per unit
Dr DCOGS (Profit in Inventory) $25*6
Cr Inventory (Profit in Inventory) $25*6
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100 percent COGS recognition for sales Dr COGS (Material) $100*6

issue
Cr DCOGS (Material) $100*6
Dr COGS (Profit in Inventory) $25*6
Cr DCOGS (Profit in Inventory) $25*6
The cost distribution processor creates accounting entries for the IPV adjustment to inventory value, and to propagate the IPV
adjustment to the interorganization transfer, and to the sales issues from Organization A and Organization B. The following
table describes those accounting entries :
Organization A Inventory cost Dr Inventory (Material) $20*100

adjustment: 100 at $20
Cr Receiving Inspection $20*100
Propagate adjustment to Dr Interorganization Gain/Loss $20*20

interorganization transfer from
Organization A to Organization B: 20 Cr Inventory (Material) $20*20
units at $20
Because the transfer price remains the

same, we revalue the interorganization
gain/loss.
Propagate adjustment to Dr Inventory (Material) $20*20

interorganization receipt by Organization
B from Organization A: 20 units at $20 Cr Offset Account $20*20
Dr Offset Account $20*20
Cr Inventory (Profit in Inventory) $20*20
Propagate adjustment to sales issue Dr COGS $20*30

from Organization A: 30 units at $20
Propagate adjustment to sales issue Dr DCOGS (Material) $20*30

from Organization A: 30 units at $20
Propagate adjustment to COGS Dr COGS (Material) $20*30

recognition
Dr DCOGS (Material) $20*30
Propagate adjustment to sales issue Dr DCOGS (Material) $20*6

from Organization B: 6 units at $20
Dr Inventory (Profit in Inventory) $20*6
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Cr DCOGS (Profit in Inventory) $20*6
Propagate adjustment to COGS Cr COGS (Profit in Inventory) $20*6

recognition
Dr DCOGS (Profit in Inventory) $20*6
Dr COGS (Material) $20*6
Cr DCCOGS (Material) $20*6
Cost Accounting Periods: Explained

Cost accounting periods enable you to monitor the timing of transaction processing, and to perform validations in preparation
for period close.
Cost periods are associated with combinations of cost organizations and cost books. When you associate a cost
organization with a cost book, you also define the cost accounting period calendar and other attributes.
Cost Period Calendar and Attributes

The cost period calendar is based on the ledger that is attached to the cost organization and cost book combination. For
cost books that do not have an associated ledger, you can set the calendar and cost periods manually on the Manage Cost
Organization Relationships page, Cost Books tab. On this page you also define the following cost period attributes:
• First opened period. Establishes the period when transaction accounting begins. Any transactions that precede the
first opened period, are accounted in the first opened period.
• Maximum open periods. Specifies the maximum number of concurrent periods that can be open. If the number of
periods is maximized, then no additional period can be opened until one of the open periods changes to Closed,
Permanently Closed, or Pending Close status.
Related Topics
Cost Cutoff Dates: Explained

The run control parameters that you define for the cost processors include the cost cutoff date option and the cutoff date for
the cost organization books that you are processing. The cost cutoff date sets the last transaction date that will be processed
for an accounting period. This enables you to continue normal business operations with no interruptions from one period to
the next, using the cost cutoff date to define accounting period boundaries for these transactions.
The following discusses the cost cutoff date option, backdated transactions, and the costing date of transactions.
Cost Cutoff Date Option

In the Cost Accounting work area, access the Create Cost Accounting Distributions page to set the cutoff date option to
User-Defined or Auto. The User-Defined option requires you to specify the cutoff date, while the Auto option saves you the
effort of redefining the cutoff date which is automatically moved forward by the cost processor.
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When you select the Auto option, the cost processor moves the cutoff date forward to the last date of the earliest open cost
period and then it stops, until the costing period is closed. After the period is closed, the cost processor advances the cutoff
date into the next open period, and so on. However, if a transaction is successfully preprocessed after the cutoff date, then
the cutoff date for that cost organization book moves forward to the date of the last successfully preprocessed transaction.
This could happen, for example, if you originally set the cutoff date option to User-Defined and subsequently changed it to
Auto.
Backdated Transactions
One of the purposes of the cost cutoff date is to allow backdating of transactions in an orderly fashion. For example, if
you set the cost cutoff date to October 31, you can still process October transactions that were entered in November but
meant for the period ending October 31 by backdating them to October 31 or earlier. However, when the cost cutoff date
advances forward to a date past October 31 and other transactions are processed beyond October 31, then the backdated
transactions can no longer be processed as October transactions.
If you set a cost cutoff date at October 31, the cost processor will queue up but not process any transactions with a date
after October 31. If you subsequently need to backdate transactions to a date before October 31, you can still process
those backdated transactions as long as you do not process any transactions beyond October 31. You can also backdate
transactions to any date after October 31, with the assurance that these transactions will be processed in the correct order
when the cost cutoff date moves forward.
Costing Date of Transactions

The costing date of transactions is normally the same as the transaction date, or the cost adjustment date, except for
backdated transactions.
The cost date for backdated transactions inherits the greater of: the backdated transaction date, the date of the last
processed transaction, or the first date of the earliest currently open period.
Note: The cost cutoff date affects the costed date of the transaction and the inventory value that is reported as
of a given accounting date. It does not affect the inventory transaction date.
Backdating of Transactions: Examples

By setting the cost cutoff date for a cost accounting period, you can manage which transactions are processed in that period,
including backdated transactions. The following examples illustrate how the cost processor sets the accounted date for
backdated transactions.
Scenario
Assume that the current date is November 2, and the cost cutoff date is October 31.
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The following costed and uncosted transactions are in process.
October 30 October 31 November 1 November 2
Costed Costed Uncosted

Transaction 1 Transaction 1 Transaction 1
Costed Uncosted Uncosted

Uncosted
Transaction 3
Cost Cutoff Date

October 31
Example 1
Transactions are backdated to a point before the latest costed transaction.
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In the following figure, the inventory transaction is backdated to position A. The transaction is costed with accounting date B
before transactions 2 and 3 are processed. The transaction created on November 2 and backdated to October 30 is costed
with the effective date of October 31.

Costed Uncosted
B
Transaction 2 Transaction 2
A Uncosted
Transaction 2
Uncosted
Transaction 3
Cost Cutoff Date

October 31
Example 2
Transactions are backdated to a point between the latest costed transaction and the cost cutoff date.
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In the following figure, the inventory transaction is backdated to position C. The transaction is costed with accounting date C
after transactions 2 and 3 are processed. The transaction created on November 2 and backdated to October 31 is costed
with the effective date of October 31.


Uncosted
Transaction 3
Cost Cutoff Date

October 31
Example 3
Transactions are backdated to a point after the cost cutoff date.
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In the following figure, the inventory transaction is backdated to position D. The transaction is costed with accounting date
D after the cost cutoff is moved past October 31. The transaction created on November 2 and backdated to November 1 is
costed with the effective date of November 1.
Costed Costed Uncosted Uncosted

Transaction 1 Transaction 1 Transaction 1 Transaction 1

Uncosted D
Transaction 3
Cost Cutoff Date

October 31
Cost Accounting Period Validations: Explained

Perform cost accounting validations to ensure that all transactions are complete and accounted for on an ongoing basis and
before closing the accounting period.
You can execute the validations one at a time, or all at once. Correct any resulting transaction errors, and rerun validations as
needed.
Validations
Perform cost accounting validations for periods that are in status Open, Pending Closed, or Closed. The validations check for
the following:
• Unprocessed transactions. Transactions that have been transferred to Cost Management and that are pending cost
processing.
• Unprocessed distributions. Costing transactions that have no distributions.
• Unprocessed journals. Subledger transactions that have no accounting entries.
• Match inventory on hand with costing on hand. Proof that there are no discrepancies between inventory on hand
and costing on hand.
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• Pending deferred cost of goods sold (DCOGS) transactions. Proof that the deferred cost of goods sold processor
has run and transactions are transferred.
Cost Accounting Period Statuses and Transaction Accounting:

Explained
Cost period statuses enable you to manage the timing for processing and accounting of transactions.
The following describes rules that apply under each cost period status, and how transactions are slotted into cost accounting
periods.
Cost Accounting Period Statuses

The cost period statuses are as follows:
• Never Opened. Default status for new periods assigned to a cost organization and cost book. This status does not
allow creation of distributions for transactions. You can change the status to Open, but you cannot change it to
Closed, or Permanently Closed.
• Open. A period status can be changed to Open only if the corresponding general ledger accounting period is open.
You can open several periods at a time, so long as they are contiguous. You cannot change the current period
to Open if the prior period status is Never Opened. When a period status is Open, inventory transactions can be
accounted in that period; when the period is not open, inventory transactions cannot be accounted in that period,
but they will be accounted in the next open period. Both costing and general ledger periods must be open for a
transaction to be accounted; if the costing period is open but the corresponding general ledger period is closed, the
transaction cannot be accounted and is held pending further user action. You can change an Open period status to
Closed or Pending Close.
• Pending Close. Use to stop transactions from being accounted in this period. Any new transactions entered with a
transaction date that falls in a period that is in Pending Close status will be held pending further user action. You can
set the Pending Close status back to Open status and then process the transactions, so that those which fall into
the period will be staged for accounting in that period; or you can set the status of the period to Permanently Close
and set the next period to Open, in which case the transactions will be accounted in the next open period.
• Closed. You can change this status to Permanently Closed or you can revert it to Open. When you set a period
status to Closed, you have the option of configuring the processor to allow closing even if all validations do not pass;
this enables you to decide when discrepancies are not material enough to delay period close. You can also configure
the processor to prevent closing a period until all selected validations pass. You set your preferences for period close
validations when you associate cost books with cost organizations, on the Manage Cost Organization Relationships
page, Cost Books tab.
• Permanently Closed. Closes the period for all types of transactions irreversibly. You cannot change the period status
to Permanently Closed without first changing the prior period status to Closed.
Transaction Accounting Dates

The costing application is designed to set the proper accounting date for inventory transactions, even when they are not
entered into the application promptly or in the correct order. It does this by enabling backdating of transactions that are
entered on a date later than the physical transaction date. For example, suppose the physical transaction date is November
30, and the transaction is entered into the costing application on December 2. In this case, you can backdate the transaction
and, under certain conditions, the application will post that transaction into the prior period.
The application orders your transactions by setting the cost date. To preserve the integrity of previous calculations and to
ensure that inventory balances tie with general ledger balances, the cost date cannot be set to a date prior to transactions
that are already processed. The cost processor parameters that you define include a cost cutoff date, which lets you control
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the transactions that you want to process, including backdated transactions. In this example, as long as you have not
processed any transactions after November 30, the processor will set the cost date to November 30 for transactions entered
after November 30 with a backdated transaction date that is in November.
Once the cost date is established, the processor performs cost accounting calculations for the transaction, creates
accounting distributions, and sets the accounting date based on the following logic:
• If the cost date falls in a Never Opened period, the accounting date becomes the same as the cost date when that
period status is Open. In the rare case where the transaction date is in a period that precedes the first period used in
the application, the accounting date is set to a date in the first subsequent period that is Open.
• If the cost date falls in a Pending Close or Closed period, you are alerted by an error message. You can reopen the
period and the processor will attempt to set the accounting date to a date in that period; or you can permanently
close the period to let the transaction accounting date move into the next Open period.
• If the cost date falls in a period that is Permanently Closed and the next period is not Open, an error message warns
you that the transaction will remain unaccounted until a subsequent period is opened. Once the subsequent period
is Open, the accounting date of the transaction will move into that Open period.
When accounting distributions are staged within the costing subledger, the accounting distribution accounting date in the
costing subledger becomes the proposed accounting date for posting into the general ledger through the subledger. If the
general ledger application accepts the proposed accounting date, the transaction is posted with that date. If the proposed
accounting date is not accepted (for example if the general ledger period has already closed), then the general ledger
application returns an error and the cost processor sets the proposed accounting date to a date in the next open general
ledger period.
Cost Management for Internal Material Transfers: Explained

Cost Management supports receipt accounting and cost accounting for requisition based internal transfers for items going to
either an expense or an inventory destination, with or without a receipt at the destination.
Self-Service Procurement, Supply Chain Financial Orchestration, and Cost Management have been integrated to provide an
estimated transfer price based on the internal cost of the items on the requisition. A transfer price is required on the internal
material transfer requisition line for approval, budgetary control, and encumbrance accounting.
Cost Management supports requisition-sourced transfer orders going to expense destinations with multiple distributions and
different expense accounts. Based on the account defined at the distribution level, Cost Management will book the expense
for the appropriate account. In the case of transfers to expense destinations where a receipt is not required, new logical
receipt and delivery transactions are created in Cost Management, similar to the physical events created with receipt expense
destination transfers when a receipt is required. Budgetary control and encumbrance accounting are supported for expense
destination internal transfer orders.
Budgetary Control
You can ensure that budget funds are available before a requisition for an internal transfer is submitted for approval.
Depending on your budgetary control configuration, the funds will be reserved either at the time the requisition is submitted
for approval, or when the requisition is approved. Insufficient funds override rules and approvers can be configured as part
of budgetary control setup. Cost Management liquidates the commitment and books an expenditure at the time of delivery
when a receipt is required, or at the time of shipment by creating a virtual receipt when the receipt is not required. The
Requisition for Internal Material Transfer transaction subtype has been added to enable budgetary control of requisitions for
internal material transfers.
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Encumbrance Accounting
Encumbrance accounting entries are created for transactions subject to budgetary control and encumbrance accounting
when the Create Accounting process is run. Cost Management liquidates the reserve for the encumbrance account and
creates journal entries for the actual expense value.
Related Topics
• Enabling Budgetary Control: Critical Choices
• Reviewing Budgetary Control Validation Errors: Procedure
Cost Accounting for Outside Processing: Explained

Cost Accounting provides costing and accounting features for manufacturing outside processing, where one or more work
order operations are outsourced to a supplier who provides specialized manufacturing services.
Costing of Outside Processing Work Orders

An outside processing work order is costed and processed as follows.
• The outside processing service is modeled as an Item in cost planning, and is attached to a supplier operation.
• You can define a standard cost and overheads for the outside processing item.
• The outside processing item cost is included in the finished product's rolled up cost.
Transaction Processing for Outside Processing

Cost Accounting supports the Purchase Order Receipt into Manufacturing transaction type for the costing of outside
processing items delivered to Manufacturing. The transaction processing depends on the cost method, as follows.
• Actual or Average cost method. The purchase price multiplied by the number of items received is added to the work
in process valuation.
• Standard cost method. The standard cost multiplied by the number of items received is added to the work in
process valuation. The difference between the purchase price and the purchase order is accounted as a purchase
price variance.
Accounting Distributions Created for Outside Processing

You can review the distributions created for outside processing in the Cost Accounting work area on the Review Cost
Accounting Distributions page. Cost Accounting creates the following distributions for the delivery of the outside processing
service item to Manufacturing.
Accounting Line Type Transaction Type
Work In Process Valuation Debit
Receiving Inspection Credit
Related Topics
• Planning, Accounting, and Reviewing Outside Processing Costs: Explained
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• Setting Up Items for Outside Processing: Explained
Cost Accounting for Rework and Transformation Work Orders:

Explained
Cost Accounting provides costing and accounting functionality for the following manufacturing work order types:
• Rework Work Orders. A work order of type Rework is created for finished products with defects that need to be
repaired and reworked. For example, a product may need to have a defective component removed and replaced
with a new component.
• Transform Work Orders. A work order of type Transform is created when you want to refurbish a product and
transform it into a different product, for example, by upgrading one of the product components.
Transactions Types for Rework and Transform Work Orders

The following transaction types have been added for rework and transform work orders:
• Material Negative Issue. If the quantity is negative and the transaction type is Issue, then a Material Negative Issue
transaction is used.
• Material Negative Return. If the quantity is negative and the transaction type is Return, then a Material Negative
Return transaction is used.
Related Topics
• Work Orders: Overview
Reviewing Work Order Costs: Procedure

You can review work order costs by product for combinations of cost organization, cost book, and plant on the Review Work
Order Costs page. The accounting transactions for work in process balances are displayed, including costs of input, output,
scrap, and standard cost variances.
To review work order costs, perform the following steps.
2. From the Tasks panel, select Review Work Order Costs.
3. Search for the work order records by Cost Organization. You can also filter by Cost Book, Plant, Output Item, Work
Order Number, and Work Order Status. The fields are described in the following table.
Field Description
WIP Balance The work in process balance is equal to the sum of input and resource costs, minus completions
and scrap costs.
Variance Percentage The difference between actual and standard cost as a percentage of output cost.
Scrap Percentage The scrap cost as a percentage of total work order cost. The processing of scrap valuation
and scrap accounting is determined by the Cost Profile settings for your organization. For more
information, see the guide Implementing Manufacturing and Supply Chain Materials Management.
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Field Description
Amount in Cost Book Currency The value of input and resources at operation and cost element levels.
Operation Completion Quantity The total quantity of completions and returns.
Related Topics
• Work Orders: Overview
Reviewing Maintenance Work Order Costs: Explained

Reviewing maintenance work orders enable you to track the costs incurred for the materials and resources used for
maintenance activities. These activities include preventive maintenance, break down maintenance, and so on, which can be
either in-house or performed outside by a supplier as outsourced jobs.
Prerequisites
The two prerequisites are:
1. The following table lists the processes to be run. These processes must be run in the same sequence. They can be
either scheduled or manually run.
Process Run By Navigation
Transfer Transactions from Maintenance to Manufacturing Supervisor Tasks panel of Maintenance Management >
Costing Transfer Transactions from Maintenance to
Costing.
Transfer Transactions from Inventory to Cost Accountant Scheduled Processes work area > Schedule
Costing New Process > Transfer Transactions from
Inventory to Costing.
Create Cost Accounting Distributions Cost Accountant Cost Accounting Work area > Create Cost
Accounting Distributions.
Create Accounting to create Accounting in Cost Accountant Cost Accounting Work area > Create
SLA Accounting.
2. The maintenance work order is in any status other than the unreleased status. That is, the work order is in any of the
following statuses.
◦ Released
◦ On Hold
◦ Canceled
◦ Completed
◦ Closed
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Viewing Costs of a Maintenance Work Order

You can review the material and resource costs incurred for a maintenance work order on the Review Maintenance Work
Order Costs page. You can review the cost details and their distributions, separately.
• Details: View the summary of cost details, that is, the total cost, material costs, and the resource costs.
You can further drill down and view detailed information about the material and resource costs incurred for each
operation and work center in that work order.
• Distributions: View the summary of costs distribution.
Distributions provide accounting information for all the transactions reported against the maintenance work order
that is being analyzed. The summary page shows the processing status of the transactions, that is, Not Processed,
Partially Costed, and so on.
To review maintenance work order costs, do the following:

1. Click Navigator > Cost Accounting.
2. From the Tasks panel, under Cost Processing, select Review Maintenance Work Order Costs.
3. Search for the work order records using the search filers: Cost Organization, Cost Book, Plant, Output Item, Work
Order Number, and Work Order Status.
4. Select the required work order from the search results and click View Costs.
Note: You can also navigate to this page by clicking View Costs on the Edit Maintenance Work Orders
page.
Reviewing Distributions of a Maintenance Work Order

Review distributions for all transactions reported against a maintenance work order or for a specific transaction. The
transaction and costing details give you the accounting information of all the resources and materials used for each item.
To review distribution of maintenance work order costs, on the Review Maintenance Work Order Costs page:
1. Select the required work order.
2. Click Review Distributions.
Purchase Order Return and Sales Return Flows: Explained

The cost processor uses FIFO logic to cost purchase order (PO) returns. For sales returns that reference an RMA, the cost
processor uses the original sales order cost; for sales returns that do not reference an RMA, it uses either the first or last
receipt layer cost.
The following discusses costing details for purchase order returns and sales order returns.
Purchase Order Returns

For PO returns, the cost processor uses the FIFO receipt layer cost to deplete inventory, while it offsets receiving inspection
at the acquisition PO price. The difference between the PO price and the FIFO receipt layer cost is booked as cost variance.
This table illustrates several receipts and issues of an item in an inventory organization, followed by a PO return for the same
item:
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Reference Transaction Date Transaction Type Quantity Unit Cost Receipt Layer
Reference
Receipt #1 01-Jan-2011 PO Receipt 100 $120 Not applicable
Receipt #3 03-Jan-2011 Miscellaneous 20 $105 Not applicable

Receipt
Issue #1 04-Jan-2011 Miscellaneous Issue -40 $120 Receipt #1
Receipt #1 06-Jan-2011 PO Return -10 $100 Receipt #2
The cost distribution processor creates the following accounting entries for the PO return:
• Dr Receiving Inspection $100*10 / Cr Inventory $100*10
• Dr Receiving Inspection $20*10 / Cr Cost Variance $20*10
Sales Returns
When you define the cost profile for an item, you can select one of three options for the costing of a sales return:
• Referenced RMA: the cost processor costs the return using the original sales order issue cost.
• Un-referenced RMA: the cost processor costs the return using:
◦ First available receipt layer; or
◦ Last available receipt layer.
This table illustrates several receipts and issues of an item in an inventory organization, followed by a referenced RMA sales
return, and an un-referenced RMA sales return for the same item:
Reference
Receipt #3 03-Jan-2011 Miscellaneous 20 $105 Not applicable

Receipt
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Reference
Referenced RMA of 06-Jan-2011 RMA Receipt 25 $120 Not applicable

Issue #1
Un-referenced RMA 07-Jan-2011 RMA Receipt 5 $100 or $105 Not applicable
The processor costs the un-referenced RMA return using:
• $100 per unit if you specify the first available receipt layer; or
• $105 per unit if you specify the last available receipt layer.
Consigned Inventory Accounting in a Simple Purchase Order:

Example
When an organization receives a shipment of goods under a consignment purchase order, the ownership of the goods
remains with the supplier even after they are in the custody of the buyer. Ownership passes from the supplier to the buyer
when the inventory is consumed.
When the inventory is consumed, two events occur: First there is a transfer of ownership to the buyer and the consigned
goods become owned inventory for a brief period of time, then the owned inventory is depleted.
• The physical and financial flow of consigned inventory under a consigned purchase order (PO).
• The transaction that flows from Oracle Fusion Inventory Management into Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting and Oracle
Fusion Receipt Accounting.
Scenario
Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno) ships the goods under a consigned purchase order to inventory
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The following diagram illustrates the flow of consigned inventory:
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Physical Flow

Financial Flow
Ownership
Change

Owner = M1-Seattle
Transaction from Oracle Fusion Inventory Management

Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting receive the following transaction from Inventory:
126
• When the goods are consumed ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to inventory organization M1-Seattle.
Analysis
Accounting Entries
127
The following diagram illustrates the accounting entries for the forward flow from supplier AND-
Fresno to inventory organization M1-Seattle.
AND-Fresno
Supplier
Physical Flow M1:PO Receipt

M1:PO Delivery
M1-Seattle Dr Consigned Inventory
Consigned Owner Cr Consigned Clearing
Ownership Change M1:Transfer to Owned Issue M1:Consigned

Dr Consigned Inventory Offset Receipt Consumption
Cr Consigned Inventory Dr Consigned Accrual
Dr Trade Clearing
M1- Seattle Cr Accrual
Owner
M1:Trade In-Transit Receipt
Dr Trade In-Transit
Cr Trade Clearing
M1:Transfer to Owned
(Receipt)
Dr Inventory Valuation
Cr Trade In-Transit
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate accounting entries under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the receipt
of goods.
128
Subledger Event Type Accounting Line Transaction Type Amount in Functional Basis of Amount
Currency
Receipt PO Receipt Consigned Debit 100 USD PO Price

Accounting Clearing
Receipt PO Receipt Consigned Credit 100 USD PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Consigned Debit 100 USD PO Price

Inventory
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Consigned Credit 100 USD PO Price

Clearing
of ownership from supplier AND-Fresno to M1-Seattle.
Currency

Offset


Consumption

Consumption
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Receipt Trade Receipt Accrual Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Cost Trade In- Trade In- Debit 100 USD Material PO Price
Accounting Transit Transit
Receipt
Cost Trade In- Trade Credit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting Transit Clearing
Receipt
129
Currency
Cost Transfer Inventory Debit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting to Owned Valuation
(Receipt)
Cost Transfer Trade In- Credit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting to Owned Transit
(Receipt)
Organization M1-Seattle returns goods to supplier AND-Fresno.
This figure illustrates the accounting entries for the return flow from M1-Seattle to AND-Fresno.
130
AND-Fresno
Supplier
Physical Flow M1:PO Return to Vendor

Dr Consigned Accrual
M1:PO Return to Receiving

M1-Seattle Dr Consigned Clearing
Consigned Owner Cr Consigned Inventory
Ownership Change M1:Transfer to Cons (Recpt) M1:Consigned Recpt

Dr Consigned Inventory Consumption
Cr Consigned Inventory Offset Dr Consigned Clearing
M1:Trade Return Accrual
Dr Accrual
M1- Seattle Cr Trade Clearing
Owner
M1:Trade In-Transit Return
Dr Trade Clearing
Cr Trade In-Transit
M1:Transfer to Cons (Issue)

Dr Trade In-Transit
Legend Cr Inventory Valuation
Cons = Consigned
Recpt = Receipt
of ownership from M1-Seattle to supplier AND-Fresno.
The following table describes the accounting entries for the change in ownership.
Currency

(Receipt)
131
Currency

(Receipt) Offset

Consumption

Consumption
Receipt Trade Return Accrual Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Return Trade Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Receipt Trade In- Trade Debit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Transit Return Clearing
Receipt Trade In- Trade In- Credit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Transit Return Transit
Cost Transfer to Trade In- Debit 100 USD Material PO Price

Accounting Consigned Transit
Issue
Cost Transfer to Cost Debit 5 USD Not applicable Inventory is

Accounting Consigned Variance* received at
Issue the current
cost, and the
difference
between
transfer price
and cost is
booked as
cost variance.
Cost Transfer to Inventory Credit 105 USD Material Current Cost

Accounting Consigned Valuation
Issue
Receipt Accounting generates accounting entries under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the return of consigned goods
from M1-Seattle to AND-Fresno.
132
+Dr/-Cr

Supplier

Supplier

Receiving

Receiving
Related Topics
• What are the accounting distribution basis options for consigned inventory transactions?

Across Business Units: Example
An interorganization transfer is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods or services between organizations in the
Receipt Accounting in a simple purchase order with an interorganization transfer of goods across profit center business units.
The goods remain in consigned status until ownership changes in the receiving organization.
• Transactions captured in Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration and interfaced to Cost Accounting and
Receipt Accounting.
133
Scenario
Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno) ships the goods in consigned status to inventory organization M1-Seattle,
who in turn transfers the consigned goods to inventory organization M2-LA. Inventory organizations, M1-Seattle and M2-LA,
are in different business units.
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Business Unit 1
Physical Flow
Business Unit 2
Financial Flow Contingent Owner = M1-Seattle
Ownership
Change
Business Unit 2
Owner = M2-LA
Oracle Fusion Inventory sends the following transactions to Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting:
134

• Goods transferred in consigned status from inventory organization M1-Seattle to M2-LA.
• When the goods are consumed ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to inventory organization M2-LA
through M1-Seattle.
Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration sets up the trade agreement, accounting rule sets, and associated
purchase orders, and the information flows into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting. The transfer from M1-Seattle to
M2-LA is based on trade agreement SFO #123 which has the following terms:

Analysis
135
Accounting Entries

Supplier Cr Consigned Accrual Cr Consigned Clearing

Physical Flow Dr Consigned In-Transit Transit Receipt
Cr Consigned Inventory Dr Consigned In-Transit
M1-Seattle M2:In-Transit Receipt
Transit Issue
Consigned Owner Dr Consigned Inspection
Dr Consigned Receivable
Cr Consigned In-Transit Cr Consigned In-Transit

Physical Flow
M2-LA
Consigned Owner
M2:Transfer to Owned M2:Trade Recpt Accrual
Issue Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Consigned Inv Offset Cr IC Accrual
Ownership Change Cr Consigned Inventory
M2:Trade In-Transit
Receipt
M2-LA Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT
Owner Cr Accrual
Dr Trade In-Transit GP
Cr Trade Clearing
Legend Dr Trade In-Transit M2:Transfer to Owned
Inv = Inventory Cr Trade Clearing (Receipt)
IC = Intercompany Dr Inv Valuation MAT
COGS = Cost of Goods Sold M1:Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Inv Valuation GP
MAT = Material Dr IC COGS Cr Trade In-Transit MAT
GP = Gross Profit Cr Trade In-Transit Cr Trade In-Transit GP
Recpt = Receipt
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the shipment from supplier AND-
Fresno to M1-Seattle.
136
+Dr/-Cr
Cost Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M1-Seattle for the interorganization transfer from M1-
Seattle to M2-LA.
+Dr/-Cr

Transit

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the interorganization
transfer from M1-Seattle to M2-LA.
+Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Consigned Trade Trade Clearing 100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Receipt Accounting Consigned Trade Consigned In- -100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual Transit
Receipt Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned Clearing 100 USD PO Price
Transit Receipt
Receipt Accounting Consigned Receipt Trade Clearing -100 USD PO Price

Consumption
137
+Dr/-Cr

Inspection

Transit

Inspection
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
138
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
Currency +Dr/-
Cr


Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt
Receipt
139
Currency +Dr/-
Cr



Owned (Receipt)
Owned (Receipt)
Inventory organization M2-LA returns the goods to supplier AND-Fresno. The return of the consignment is executed in two
parts:
• An interorganization transfer from M2-LA to M1-Seattle. The accounting is the same as simple purchase order return
transactions.
• A consignment return from M1-Seattle to the supplier. The accounting is the same as regular return to supplier
transactions.
Related Topics
• Consigned Inventory Accounting in a Simple Purchase Order: Example
• Consigned Inventory Accounting of an Interorganization Transfer Within the Same Business Unit: Example

Within the Same Business Unit: Example
An intraorganization transfer is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods or services between organizations in the
Receipt Accounting for an interorganization transfer of goods within the same profit center business unit.

140
Scenario
Supplier Advanced Network Devices (AND-Fresno) ships the goods in consigned status to inventory organization M3-NY,
who in turn transfers the goods to inventory organization M4-NJ. Inventory organizations, M3-NY and M4-NJ, are within the
same business unit.
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Inventory Organization M3-NY

Contingent Owner = M3-NY
Physical Flow

Contingent Owner = M4-NJ
Financial Flow
Ownership
Change

Owner = M4-NJ
141

• Ship-to organization is M3-NY which is also the contingent owner. Contingent owner assumes ownership from the
• Receipt and put away transactions are performed in M3-NY in consigned status.
• Goods are transferred in consigned status from M3-NY to M4-NJ.
• Ownership changes from supplier to M4-NJ through M3-NY when the goods are consumed.
Cost Accounting generates transactions for:
• Ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to inventory organization M3-NY and from M3-NY to M4-NJ.
• Transfer of goods from M3-NY to M4-NJ. The transfer is at cost because the organizations are within the same profit
center business unit.
Analysis
Accounting Entries
142
The following diagram lists the accounting entries for the forward flow.

Dr Consigned Clearing Dr Consigned Inventory
AND-Fresno Cr Consigned Accrual Cr Consigned Clearing
Supplier

Dr Consigned In-Transit Transit Receipt
Physical Flow Cr Consigned Inventory Dr Consigned In-Transit
Transit Issue M4:In-Transit Receipt
M3-NY Dr Consigned Receivable Dr Consigned Inspection
Consigned Owner Cr Consigned In-Transit Cr Consigned In-Transit

Physical Flow
M4-NJ
Consigned Owner M4:Transfer to Owned
M4:Trade Recpt Accrual
Issue
Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Consigned Inv Offset
Cr Interorg Payable
Cr Consigned Inventory
Ownership Change
M3:Trade Receipt Accrual M4:Trade In-Transit
Dr Trade Clearing Receipt
Cr Accrual Dr Trade In-Transit
M4-NJ
Cr Trade Clearing
Owner
Dr Trade In-Transit
Cr Trade Clearing M4:Transfer to Owned
(Receipt)
Legend Dr Inv Valuation MAT
Inv = Inventory M3:Trade In-Transit Issue Cr Trade In-Transit
Interorg = Interorganization Dr Interorg Receivable
MAT = Material Cr Trade In-Transit
Recpt = Receipt
The following table lists the distributions that Receipt Accounting generates under inventory organization M3-NY for the
shipment from supplier AND-Fresno to M3-NY.
+Dr/-Cr
143
+Dr/-Cr
The following table lists the distributions generated by Cost Accounting under inventory organization M3-NY for the
interorganization transfer from M3-NY to organization M4-NJ.
+Dr/-Cr

Transit

Cost Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M4-NJ for the interorganization transfer from M3-NY to
M4-NJ.
+Dr/-Cr
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade Consigned Clearing 100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade Consigned Payable -100 USD PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned In- 100 USD PO Price
Transit Receipt Transit
Cost Accounting Consigned Trade In- Consigned Clearing -100 USD PO Price
Transit Receipt

Inspection
144
+Dr/-Cr

Transit

Inspection
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M3-NY for the change of
ownership from supplier AND-Fresno to M3-NY.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization 100 USD Material PO Price

Issue Receivable
Issue
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate distributions under inventory organization M4-NJ for the change of
ownership from M3-NY to M4-NJ.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr


145
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Interorganization -100 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Receipt
Receipt


Owned (Receipt)
Inventory organization M4-NJ returns goods to supplier AND-Fresno. The return of the consignment is executed in two parts:
• An interorganization transfer from M4-NJ to M3-NY. The accounting is the same as simple purchase order return
transactions.
• A consignment return from M3-NY to the supplier. The accounting is the same as regular return to supplier
transactions.
Related Topics
• Consigned Inventory Accounting of an Interorganization Transfer Across Business Units: Example
Tax Accounting for Receipt Transactions Process Flow : Explained

To help you comply with tax regulations, Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting calculates taxes and generates tax distributions
for all receipt transactions.
Taxes can be accounted at two points:
• When the goods are received, that is at delivery

• When an accounts payable invoice is created, accounted, or paid
146
Receipt Accounting receives transactions and related tax determinants from outside sources such as Oracle Fusion
Receiving, Inventory, and Accounts Payable. The following discusses:
• Import of tax determinants into Receipt Accounting

• Tax distributions created by Receipt Accounting
• Tax-inclusive inventory valuation by Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
• Review of tax distributions
Receiving
Inventory
Accounts Payable
Transactions
and Tax Transactions
Determinants
Receipt Cost
Accounting Accounting
Create Cost Accounting

Create Receipt Distributions
Accounting Distributions
and Calculate Taxes Tax Acquisition Cost
Calculations Processor
Review Receipt Review Cost Accounting

Accounting Distributions Distributions and
and Tax Details Inventory Valuation
147
Import of Tax Determinants

Import transactions and related tax determinants from outside sources on the Scheduled Processes page in the Scheduled
Processes work area.
Run the following processes:
• Select the Transfer Transactions from Receiving to Receipt Accounting process to import receipt transactions into
Receipt Accounting.
• Select the Transfer Costs to Cost Management process to import accounts payable transactions into Receipt
Tax Distributions by Receipt Accounting

The Receipt Accounting Processor calls the Tax Application Programming Interface to calculate transaction taxes based on
imported tax determinants. The processor also generates tax distributions for receipt transactions.
Run the Receipt Accounting Processor on the Create Receipt Accounting Distributions page in the Receipt Accounting work
area.
Tax-Inclusive Inventory Valuation by Cost Accounting

The Cost Accounting Processor uses tax results generated by Receipt Accounting to calculate inventory acquisition costs
including nonrecoverable taxes.
Run the Cost Accounting Processor on the Create Cost Accounting Distributions page in the Cost Accounting work area.
Review of Tax Distributions

On the Review Receipt Accounting Distributions page in the Receipt Accounting work area view results of the Receipt
Accounting Processor:
• Distributions and journal entries for receipt transactions
• Tax determinants accessed by clicking the links in the Tax Determinants column
• Transaction taxes accessed by clicking the Transaction Unit Cost links in the Cost Information tab
On the Review Cost Accounting Distributions page in the Cost Accounting work area view results of the Cost Accounting
Processor:
• Distributions and journal entries for inventory transactions

• Inventory unit costs including taxes in the Cost Information tab
Related Topics
• Tax Accounting for a Simple Procurement Transaction: Example
• Tax Accounting for a Consigned Inventory Transaction: Example
• Tax Accounting for a Purchase Order Retroactive Price Change: Example
• What's the difference between recoverable and nonrecoverable taxes?
148
Tax Accounting for a Simple Procurement Transaction: Example

for a simple procurement transaction that uses a tax point basis of delivery, that is, taxes are accounted at receipt of the
goods.
Scenario
The supplier makes a shipment to the inventory organization based on a purchase order (PO) for USD 1,000, with the
following tax details:

Tax details at the time of receipt of goods are:
• Tax A delivery basis = 15%, which is changed from 10% estimated at the time of purchase order. Recoverable and

• Tax A delivery basis = 20%, which is changed from 15% reported and accounted on receipt. Recoverable and
nonrecoverable portions are both 50%, however taxes are not recalculated because this transaction uses a tax point
basis of delivery.
• Tax B invoice basis = 30%, which is changed from 25% estimated on receipt. Recoverable and nonrecoverable
portions are both 50%, which is equal to USD 150.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions when the goods are received and when the invoice
is accounted.

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of receipt:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr


Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
149
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Accounting Based
Recoverable:
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
25% * 50%
Receipt PO Receipt Supplier Accrual -1,275 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Accounting
Valuation
Inspection
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the supplier when invoice is created:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounts Invoice Supplier Accrual 1,275 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Payable

Payable Based
Recoverable:
USD 1,000 *
30% * 50%
Accounts Invoice Tax B Rate 25 USD Not applicable Difference

Payable Variance* between tax
estimated at
25% and actual
calculated at
30%
Accounts Invoice Supplier Liability -1,450 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Payable
150
*Tax variance due to the difference between rates at time of delivery versus invoice.
Currency +Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Receiving Inspection 25 USD

Adjustment

Adjustment
Related Topics
• What's a tax point basis?
• Tax Accounting for Receipt Transactions Process Flow : Explained
Tax Accounting for a Consigned Inventory Transaction: Example

for a consigned inventory transaction in the supply chain. This transaction uses a tax point basis of delivery, that is, taxes are
accounted at receipt of the goods.
Scenario
The supplier makes a consigned shipment to the inventory organization based on a consigned purchase order (PO) for USD
1,000 with the following tax details:

Tax details at the consigned receipt of goods are:
• Tax A delivery basis = 15%, which is changed from 10% estimated at the time of PO. Recoverable and
151

• Tax A delivery basis = 20%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both both 50%, however taxes are not
recalculated because this transaction uses a tax point basis of delivery.
• Tax B invoice basis = 30%, which is changed from 25% estimated at the time of receipt. Recoverable and
nonrecoverable portions are both 50%, or USD 150.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions when the consigned good are received, when the
status changes from consigned to owned, and when the invoice is accounted.

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of receipt of consigned goods:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Consigned PO Consigned 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Consigned PO Consigned 75 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt Consigned PO Consigned 125 USD Tax Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
25% * 50%

Cost Accounting Consigned PO Consigned 1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Delivery Inventory*

Accounting Delivery Clearing
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of change of status from
consigned to owned stock:
152
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Consigned Consigned 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Consumption
Receipt Consigned Consigned 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-

USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt Consigned Consigned 125 USD Not applicable Tax B Invoice-

USD 1,000 *
15% * 50%
Receipt Consigned Consigned -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable

Consumption
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 75 USD Nonrecoverable Tax A Delivery-

Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned 125 USD Nonrecoverable Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Consigned -1,200 USD Not applicable PO Price

Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 1,000 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-
Nonrecoverable
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 125 USD Not applicable Tax B Invoice-
Nonrecoverable
Receipt Trade Receipt Tax 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Accrual Recoverable* Based
Recoverable
153
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Receipt Supplier Accrual -1,275 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 1,000 USD Not applicable PO Price
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 75 USD Not applicable Tax A Delivery-
Receipt Based
Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 125 USD Not applicable Tax B Invoice-
Receipt Based
Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Receipt
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 1,000 USD Material PO Price

Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 75 USD Nonrecoverable Tax A Delivery-

Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 125 USD Nonrecoverable Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable
Cost Accounting Transfer to Trade In-Transit -1,200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Owned (Receipt)
*Delivery-based recoverable tax A is calculated on consigned receipt but will be accounted after ownership change event.
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries when the invoice is created:
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 1,275 USD Not applicable
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax B Recovery 150 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Recoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax B Rate 25 USD Not applicable

Variance*
154
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts payable Invoice Supplier Liability -1,450 USD Not applicable
Currency +Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Trade Clearing 25 USD

Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Trade Clearing -25 USD

Adjustment
Related Topics
Tax Accounting for a Purchase Order Retroactive Price Change:

Example
for a retroactive price change on a purchase order (PO) receipt that is partially invoiced.
Scenario
The supplier makes a shipment to the inventory organization based on a purchase order for 10 units, at a per unit price of
USD 100. After receipt of the goods, a partial invoice is created for 2 units at USD 100 per unit.
The purchase order price changes retroactively from USD 100 to USD 120. The remaining balance of 8 units is invoiced at
USD 120 per unit.
155
Tax Details
This transaction uses a tax point basis of delivery, that is, taxes are accounted at the time of receipt of goods.
Taxes details are the same after the retroactive price change on the PO:
• Tax A delivery basis = 20%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both 50%.
• Tax B invoice basis = 30%. Recoverable and nonrecoverable portions are both 50%.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting distributions at the time of receipt of goods, after the retroactive
purchase order price change, and for the differential invoice.

Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries at the time of receipt of goods:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr


Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
20% * 50%

Accounting (Tax A) Based
Recoverable:
USD 1,000 *
20% * 50%

Nonrecoverable:
USD 1,000 *
30% * 50%
Receipt PO Receipt Supplier Accrual -1,350 USD Material Not applicable

Accounting
Valuation
Inspection
156
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the supplier when partial invoice is accounted:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounts Invoice Supplier Accrual 270* USD Not applicable Item Price plus
Payable Nonrecoverable
Taxes A and
B for 2 units =
USD 1,350/10 *
2

Payable Based
Recoverable:
USD 200 * 30%
* 50%
Accounts Invoice Supplier Liability -300 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Payable
*Accrual is debited to the extent of quantity invoiced, which is 2 units.
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate the following accounting entries after the retroactive purchase order price
change:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Retroactive Price Receiving 160* USD Material USD 120 - USD
Accounting Adjustment Inspection 100 * uninvoiced
quantity of 8
units
Receipt Retroactive Price Receiving 16 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 160 * 20%
* 50%
Receipt Retroactive Price Tax Recoverable 16 USD Tax Tax A Delivery-

Accounting Adjustment (Tax A) Based
Recoverable:
USD 160 * 20%
* 50%
Receipt Retroactive Price Receiving 24 USD Tax Tax B Invoice-

Nonrecoverable:
USD 160 * 20%
* 50%
157
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Retroactive Price Supplier Accrual -216 USD Material Not applicable
Accounting Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Inventory 200** USD Not applicable Not applicable
Adjustment Valuation
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Receiving -200 USD Not applicable Not applicable
Adjustment Inspection
*Retroactive price adjustment accounted only for the uninvoiced quantity, that is, 10 units received minus 2 units invoiced = 8
units uninvoiced.
** Retroactive PO price change plus nonrecoverable taxes A and B.
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the balance of 8 units:
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 960 USD Item Price USD 120
*8

Based
Nonrecoverable:
USD 120 * 8 * 20%
* 50%

Based Recoverable:
USD 120 * 8 * 20%
* 50%
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Accrual 144 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Nonrecoverable:
USD 120 * 8 * 30%
* 50%

Recoverable: USD
120 * 8 * 30% *
50%
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Liability -1,440 USD Not applicable
Accounts Payable generates the following accounting entries for the original invoice quantity of 2 units at the revised PO
price:
158
+Dr/-Cr
Accounts Payable Invoice Invoice Price 40 USD Difference in PO

Variance Item Price USD 20
*2
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax Invoice Price 4 USD Tax A Delivery-

Variance Tax A Based
Nonrecoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Tax Invoice Price 6 USD Tax B Invoice-Based

Variance Tax B Nonrecoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Recoverable Tax A 4 USD Tax A Delivery-

Based Recoverable

Recoverable
Accounts Payable Invoice Supplier Liability -60 USD Not applicable
Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting generate the following accounting entries for the differential invoice:
Currency +Dr/-Cr
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Receiving Inspection 50 USD
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Invoice Price Adjustment -40 USD
Receipt Accounting Invoice Price Adjustment Tax Invoice Price -10* USD
Adjustment
Cost Accounting Acquisition Cost Inventory Valuation 50** USD

Adjustment

Adjustment
*Nonrecoverable taxes A and B on the differential invoice price.
**Difference between invoice price and nonrecoverable taxes A and B.
Related Topics
159
FAQs for Cost Processing

What happens if an item in a cost organization book has both a perpetual average item
cost adjustment and a receipt cost adjustment pending?
The perpetual average item cost adjustment is always processed after the receipt cost adjustment, regardless of the order in
which you create the adjustments.
What happens if the cost processors are running transactions for several cost
organization books involving interorganization transfers?
The cost processor can run the transactions for several cost organization books concurrently and iteratively, until all
dependencies caused by interorganization transfers are resolved.
For example, assume that there is an interorganization transfer from cost organization book B to cost organization book
A. The cost processor runs the transactions for cost organization book B first, and cost organization book A second. This
process is reiterated until all interorganization transfers are accounted for.
Is the accounting date of a transaction always the same as the costing date?
The accounting date of a transaction is generally the same as the costing date, but there may be exceptions; for example, if
the costing period is already closed, then the distribution processor sets the accounting date to the next open period.
The accounting transaction is submitted to the general ledger application through the subledger accounting application. If the
general ledger period for the accounting date is closed when the accounting transaction is submitted, then the transaction is
rejected and returned with an error. The cost processor then automatically proposes a new accounting date in the next open
period, and resubmits the revised accounting transaction to the general ledger through subledger accounting.
How can I post cost distributions and journal entries to the general ledger?
First run the cost distribution processor to generate distributions for inventory transactions on the Create Cost Accounting
Distributions page. Then create the related subledger journal entries on the Create Entries for Cost Accounting page.
Execute these processes one at a time, or set them up to execute automatically on a prescheduled basis.
How can I create subledger account rules and subledger journal entry rule sets for cost
management?
Create your subledger account rules on the Manage Account Rules page. It is recommended that you highlight the
account rules predefined by Oracle, copy, and modify them as needed.
Create your subledger journal entry rule sets on the Manage Subledger Journal Entry Rule Sets page. It is recommended
that you highlight the journal entry rule sets predefined by Oracle, copy, and modify them as needed. For each journal line rule
specify the copied account combination rule.
In the Setup and Maintenance work area, you can access both the Manage Account Rules task and the Manage
Subledger Journal Entry Rule Sets task in the Manufacturing and Supply Chain Materials Management offering.
Note: You must configure the predefined account rules and journal entry rule sets before proceeding with the
setup of subledger accounting rules for cost management.
160
What happens during cost processing when an inventory organization is missing setup
information?
If the setup information is incomplete for an inventory organization that is directly tied to the cost organization in the process
run, the missing information is flagged as an error on the Review Cost Accounting Processes page, and the process fails.
If the setup information is incomplete for an inventory organization that is not directly tied to the cost organization in the
process run, the missing information is flagged as a warning, but the process is completed.
Examples of setup information that may be missing are the association of the inventory organization with a cost organization,
the assignment of a cost book to the cost organization, the assignment of a cost profile to the item, or the assignment of a
valuation unit to the cost organization.
How can I diagnose problems with item cost data that is missing or incorrect?
After interfacing the inventory transaction data, you can run the Item Cost Data Collection Test from the Help >
Supportability menu.
What are the accounting distribution basis options for consigned inventory transactions?
You can perform cost accounting of consigned inventory transactions using zero value or actual cost. Typically, the valuation
on the balance sheet for supplier-owned consigned inventory is zero. But you may sometimes want to perform accounting
using actual cost. In either case, the inventory valuation reports always display the pro forma value of consigned goods.
Select the accounting distribution basis for consigned inventory on the Manage Cost Profiles page in the Setup and
Maintenance work area.
What's a tax point basis?

A point in the receipt transaction process where taxes are accounted and reported to the tax authorities. These can be
classified into two categories: delivery-based and invoice-based tax points.
Delivery-based taxes are accounted and reported on the receipt transaction. Invoice-based taxes are accounted and
reported when the supplier invoice is created, accounted, or paid.
What's the difference between recoverable and nonrecoverable taxes?

Recoverable taxes are indirect taxes that are paid on the purchase of goods or services. Taxes can be claimed as credit
against the taxes that are payable by the tax payer.
Nonrecoverable taxes are indirect taxes that are paid on the purchase of goods or services. These taxes are accrued and
added to the purchase order price of the goods or services.
What's the difference between inclusive basis and exclusive basis in tax calculations?
Inclusive taxes are included in the assessable value or purchase price. For example:
• Inclusive tax rate: 10%
• Tax: 100/1.10 = USD 9.09 (distribution amount divided by (1 + tax rate))
Exclusive taxes are added to the purchase price or assessable value. For example:
• Exclusive tax rate: 10%
• Tax: 100*0.10 = USD 10.00 (distribution amount multiplied by tax rate)
161
Global Procurement
Global Procurement Trade Accounting: Overview
Companies often design their legal structure for financial efficiency as well as efficiencies in the physical flow of goods
through the supply chain. Typically, the most optimal financial movement of goods is different from the most optimal physical
movement of goods. For example, the purchase requisitions from a group of subsidiary companies could be routed through
a single international purchasing company who deals with the suppliers. As a result, the legal owners of the purchasing
organizations will be different from the legal owners of the receiving organizations. This form of purchasing is known as global
procurement.
• Global procurement trade flows

• Trade agreements and accounting rule sets
• Agreements converted to purchase orders
• Commonly used terms
162
Global Procurement Trade Flows

This diagram illustrates a typical global procurement trade flow, in this case between a US corporation and its China supplier.
The US corporation has a central procurement business unit which creates trade agreements and purchase orders on behalf
of its subsidiaries.
China Supplier US Corporation
Ownership Procurement
Change Business Unit
Event
US Inc
China Ltd Ownership Receiving Legal
Sold-to Legal Entity Change Entity
(Purchasing Affiliate) Event
CN BU US West US East
Management
China Sold-to Profit Receiving Profit Receiving Profit
Center Business Unit Flow Center Business Unit Center Business Unit
M1 M2
CN INV ORG Physical US Receiving US Receiving
China Purchasing Flow Inventory Inventory
Trade Organization Organization Organization
The China supplier drop ships the goods directly to the US receiving inventory organization M1. However for legal and
accounting purposes, the trade flows from the China supplier through the China sold-to legal entity (China Ltd), to the US
receiving legal entity (US Inc). For management and profit tracking purposes, the trade flows from the China sold-to profit
center business unit CN BU to the US receiving profit center business unit US West.
163
Financial Trade Agreements and Accounting Rule Sets

A trade agreement defines the parties in the trade relationship. In this example the trade agreement is between the US
corporation and the China supplier, and it defines the buying, selling, sold-to, and receiving legal entities, profit center
business units, inventory organizations, and trade organizations.
The accounting rule sets define source documents and accounting that is required in the legal and financial flow, also known
as the ownership change event flow. A rule set is associated with a financial route, and financial routes can have different
accounting rule sets.
The following illustrates a trade agreement setup for the US corporation:

• Agreement #: GP001
• Type: Procurement
• Supplier Ownership Change: ASN (Advance Shipment Notice)
• Sold-to Business Unit: CN BU
• Deliver-to Legal Entity: US Inc.
• Deliver-to Business Unit: US West
• Financial Trade Relationship #: FTR1
• From Legal Entity: China Ltd.
• From Business Unit: CN BU
• From Organization: CN INV ORG
• To Legal Entity: US Inc.
• To Business Unit: US West
• To Organization: M1
• Profit Tracking: Yes
• Invoicing: Yes
• Obligation Currency: CNY
• Rate Type: Corporate
• Transfer Pricing: Purchase Order - 10%
• Purchase Order/Sales Order: No
Trade Agreement Converted to Purchase Orders

The trade agreement is used to create purchase orders. The following illustrates a purchase order created under the US
Corporation trade agreement # GP001:
• Document Type: Purchase Order
• Document #: PO-GP001
• Document Line #: 1
• Document Line Detail: 1.1
• Document Line Distribution #: 1.1.1
• Item: SFO-CST_ASSET
164
• Quantity: 100
• UOM: Each
• Currency: CNY
• Price: 650
• Trade Organization: CN INV ORG
• Deliver-to Organization: M1
Global Procurement Common Terms

The following terms are commonly used in global procurement trading:
buy-sell relationship Relationship between two business units where one acts as a buyer and the other as a seller of
goods or services. The seller records the revenue, cost of sale, and receivables. The buyer records
the payables and inventory or expense. A buy-sell trade between internal business units is settled
through the transfer price.
asset item Inventory item where the cost of acquisition is valued as an asset on the balance sheet. The
inventory cost is expensed when it is consumed or sold.
expense item Inventory item whose cost of acquisition is booked as an expense.
transfer price The unit price that one business unit charges another for goods or services traded within the
enterprise. The transfer price is typically based on the price list, cost plus or minus, or purchase
price plus or minus.
financial route Designates how financial transactions are settled, can be different from the physical route, and may
involve one or more intermediary nodes. The intermediary nodes are internal business units that are
not part of the physical supply chain transaction but are part of the financial route.
Incoterms A series of sales terms in international trade, used to define the rights and obligations of the trade
partners with respect to the delivery of goods sold. Incoterms are used to divide transaction costs
and responsibilities between buyer and seller, and to reflect transportation practices.
intercompany profit and loss The internal profit or loss arising out of trade among business units in the enterprise. These internal
profits and losses are used for internal management but are typically eliminated when producing the
enterprise consolidated financial statements for external stakeholders.
intercompany trade The trade of goods and services between organizations belonging to different legal entities within a
conglomerate.
intracompany trade The trade of goods or services between two internal organizations within a legal entity.
ownership change event The transfer of title of goods and services from one party to another. This results in accounting and
the creation of financial documents such as Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable invoices.
price list Contains the basic list information and pricing attributes for items or product groups.
165
pricing option A method to compute the transfer price based on cost, source document price, or price list.
profit center A business unit that operates with its own income statement and reports to the legal entity.
purchasing trade organization The inventory organization reporting to the sold-to legal entity identified in the purchase order. This
organization is used for cost accounting the transactions in the sold-to legal entity.
qualifiers Business attributes of a supply chain document or transaction that determine the applicability of the
trade agreement.
supply chain financial orchestration An agreement between the legal entities, business units, and trade organizations of a corporate
agreement group. The agreement defines the parties in the trade relationship and the financial settlement
process.
trade distributions Subledger entries created by Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
for Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration trade transactions.
procurement business unit Has central responsibility for the creation of trade agreements and purchase orders on behalf of
legal entities and business units under the holding company.
Related Topics
• Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Inventory: Example
• Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Expense: Example
• Profit Center Business Units and Bill-to Business Units: Explained
Profit Center Business Units and Bill-to Business Units: Explained

Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting create accounting distributions for trade transactions
in the supply chain. These accounting distributions are associated with two kinds of business units: profit center business
units and bill-to business units.
The following explains the different business units associated with trade transactions and the assumptions used to derive
them.
Profit Center Business Unit

A profit center business unit reports to a single legal entity and is responsible for measuring the profitability of inventory
organizations under that legal entity. All trade transactions are associated with a profit center business unit which, in turn, is
derived from the inventory organization that owns the trade transaction. Cost Accounting uses the profit center business unit
to process all inventory transactions.
166
Bill-to Business Unit

A bill-to business unit is used to process receipt accruals in a trade transaction, and is the same business unit that processes
the invoice in Accounts Payable. For supplier accruals, the bill-to business unit is derived from the purchase order. For
intercompany accruals, the bill-to business unit is derived from the profit center business unit.
Related Topics
Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Inventory:

Example
Most large enterprises use a global procurement approach to their purchasing needs, wherein a central buying organization
buys goods from suppliers on behalf of the internal organizations. Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost
Accounting process transactions for these global procurement trade events and generate subledger journal entries.
flow into inventory. It illustrates:
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the forward flow of a shipment from
the supplier, through the intermediary distributor, to the final receiving organization.
Scenario
China Supplier ships the goods to US Inc. through the intermediary distributor, China Ltd.

• Purchase Order (PO) price from China Supplier to China Ltd. is USD 50.
CO1.
• China Ltd books a profit of USD 40 (USD 100 transfer price - USD 50 PO price - USD 10 overhead).
Analysis
Accounting Entries
167
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the forward flow from legal entity China Ltd. to
legal entity US Inc.


Trade In-Transit Receipt Trade In-Transit Receipt

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Cr Trade Clearing $50 Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40
Cr OVH Absorption $10 Cr Trade Clearing $100
Trade In-Transit Issue PO Delivery

Dr IC COGS MAT $50 Dr Inventory Valuation MAT$50
Dr IC COGS OVH $10 Dr Inventory Valuation OVH$10
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Inventory Valuation GP $40
Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Cr Receiving Inspection $100
Legend IC AR Invoice PO Receipt

LE = Legal Entity Dr IC Receivable $100 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
BU = Business Unit Cr IC Revenue $100 Cr Trade In-Transit $100
MAT = Material
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
GP = Gross Profit
168
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual

Receipt
Receipt
Receipt
Receipt Absorption

Issue COGS

Issue COGS
Issue
Issue

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice

Accounting

Accounting
169
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Cost

Cost
Receipt
Receipt

Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice

Accounting
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 50 USD Material Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
170
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Inventory 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup

Valuation
Cost Accounting PO Delivery Receiving -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Inspection
US Inc returns goods directly to China Supplier.
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the return flow from legal entity US Inc to legal
entity China Ltd.
171


Dr Accrual $50
Dr IC Accrual $100
Trade In-Transit Return Trade In-Transit Return

Dr Cost Variance $10 Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Cr Trade In-Transit GP $40
Trade In-Transit Ret Rec Return to Receiving

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Cr Inventory Valuation MAT$50
Cr IC COGS MAT $50 Cr Inventory Valuation OVH$10
Cr IC COGS OVH $10 Cr Inventory Valuation GP $40
Legend
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
Cr IC Accrual $100
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
172
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Return
Return Organization
Cost
Return Organization
Cost
Return
Cost Accounting Return to Receiving 100 USD Material, Transfer Price

Receiving Inspection Overhead, and
Gross Profit
Cost Accounting Return to Inventory -50 USD Material Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Return to Inventory -10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Return to Inventory -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Receiving Valuation
Accounting Supplier

Receipt Intercompany Intercompany 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting AP Invoice Liability
Receipt Intercompany Intercompany -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting AP Invoice Accrual
173
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Accrual 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Accounting Accrual

Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Cost Variance* 10 USD Not Applicable Inventory is
Return depleted at the
current cost, and
the difference
between transfer
price and cost is
booked as cost
variance
Return
Return

Return Receipt
Return Receipt

Return Receipt COGS
Return Receipt COGS

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice
174
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Accounting

Accounting
Related Topics
• Global Procurement Trade Accounting: Overview
• Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Expense: Example
• Reviewing Item Costs and Accounting for Global Procurement Trade Transactions: Explained
Accounting of Interorganization Transfers Across Business Units:

Example
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the transfer of goods across profit
center business units.
Scenario
China Ltd. ships the goods to US Inc. The organizations are in two different profit center business units.

Orchestration, and the transactions flow into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting based on this setup:
• Intercompany invoicing is set to No.
CO1.
• China Ltd. books a profit of USD 40 (USD 100 transfer price - USD 50 acquisition cost - USD 10 overhead).
Analysis
175
Accounting Entries
entity US Inc.

China Ltd (LE)
CN (Profit Ctr BU)
Ctr BU)
CO1 (Cst Org)
M1 (Inv Org)
In-Transit Shipment

Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Dr IO Receivable $100 Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40
Cr IO Gain/Loss $40
Legend
LE = Legal Entity
Interorganization Delivery
BU = Business Unit
Dr Inventory MAT $50
MAT = Material
Dr Inventory OVH $10
OVH = Overhead
Dr Inventory GP $40
IC = Intercompany
Cr Receiving Inspection $100
GP = Gross Profit
The following table describes the distributions:
176
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Shipment

Shipment

Shipment

Shipment
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization 100 USD Material, Transfer Price
Issue Receivable Overhead, Gross
Profit
Issue
Issue
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Issue Gain/Loss
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Receipt Interorganization -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Cost

Cost
177
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -100 USD Material, Transfer Price
Receipt Overhead, Gross
Profit
Receipt Interorganization Receiving 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Receipt Inspection
Receipt Interorganization Trade In-Transit -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Receipt

Cost

Cost
Cost Accounting Interorganization Inventory 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup

Delivery
Cost Accounting Interorganization Receiving -100 USD Material, Transfer Price

Delivery Inspection Overhead, Gross
Profit
Related Topics
• Accounting of Interorganization Transfers Within the Same Business Unit: Example
Accounting of Trade Transactions in Internal Drop Shipments:

Example
An internal drop shipment is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods from an inventory organization directly to a
customer, yet the business unit that sells the goods to the customer is different from the business unit to which the inventory
organization belongs. From the financial standpoint, the business unit to which the inventory organization belongs sells the
goods to the other business unit who, in turn, sells the goods to the customer.
178
The following is an example of accounting performed by Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting and Oracle Fusion Receipt
Accounting for an internal drop shipment. It illustrates:
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the drop shipment flow from the
selling organization to the customer of the buying organization.
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the return flow from the customer to
the seller.
Scenario
China Ltd. drop ships the goods to the customer of US Inc.

The trade agreement, accounting rule sets, and associated purchase orders are set up in Oracle Fusion Supply Chain
CO1.
• US Inc. books a profit of USD 40 (USD 100 transfer price - USD 50 PO price - USD 10 overhead).
Analysis
Accounting Entries
179
entity US Inc.
US Inc (Sold-to LE)

China Ltd (LE)
CN (Profit Ctr BU)
BU) Customer
CO1 (Cst Org)
M1 (Inv Org)
Sales Order Issue

Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Trade Receipt Accrual Customer AR Invoice
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade Clearing $100 Dr Receivable $120
Cr Inventory MAT $50 Cr IC Accrual $100 Cr Revenue $120

Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 COGS Recognition
Dr IC COGS MAT $50 Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40 Dr COGS MAT $50
Dr IC COGS OVH $10 Cr Trade Clearing $100 Dr COGS OVH $10
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr COGS GP $40
Cr Trade in-Transit OVH $10 Cr DCOGS MAT $50
Cr DCOGS OVH $10
Cr DCOGS GP $40
IC AP Invoice
Dr IC Accrual $100
Cr IC Liatility $100
IC AR Invoice
Dr IC Receivable $100
Cr IC Revenue $100
Legend
LE = Legal Entity
BU = Business Unit
Trade Sales Issue
MAT = Material
Dr DCOGS MAT $50
OVH = Overhead
Dr DCOGS OVH $10
IC = Intercompany
Dr DCOGS GP $40
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
DCOGS = Deferred COGS
Cr Trade In-Transit GP $40
GP = Gross Profit
180
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Sales Order Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Sales Order Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Sales Order Inventory -50 USD Material Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Sales Order Inventory -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Issue
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany 50 USD Material Current Cost

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany 10 USD Overhead Current Cost

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
Issue

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
181
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Cost

Cost
Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -100 USD Split into three Transfer Price
Receipt lines (Material,
Overhead, and
Gross Profit)

Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred Cost of 50 USD Material Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred Cost of 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred Cost of 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Issue Goods Sold
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit -50 USD Material Sending
Issue Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Sending
Issue Organization
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Issue
182
The customer returns goods directly to China Ltd.
The following figure illustrates accounting entries for the return flow from US Inc (Sold-to Legal Entity)
to China Ltd (Legal Entity).
US Inc (Sold-to LE)

China Ltd (LE)
CN (Profit Ctr BU)
BU) Customer
CO1 (Cst Org)
M1 (Inv Org)
RMA Receipt
Dr Inentory MAT $50 Trade Receipt Accrual Customer AR Credit Memo
Dr Inventory OVH $10 Dr IC Accrual $100 Dr Revenue $120
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade Clearing $100 Cr Receivable $120

Dr Trade Clearing $100 RMA Gain/Loss Recognition
Trade In-Transit Return Cr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Dr Deferred RMA Gain/Loss
Receipt Cr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 MAT $50
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Cr Trade In-Transit GP $40 Dr Deferred RMA Gain/Loss
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 OVH $10
Cr IC COGS MAT $50 Dr Deferred RMA Gain/Loss
Cr IC COGS OVH $10 GP $40
Cr RMA Gain/Loss MAT $50
IC AP Debit Memo Cr RMA Gain/Loss OVH $10
Cr RMA Gain/Loss GP $40
Cr IC Accrual $100
IC AR Credit Memo
Dr IC Revenue $100
Cr IC Receivable $100 Legend
LE = Legal Entity
Trade Sales Return BU = Business Unit
Receipt MAT = Material
Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 OVH = Overhead
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 IC = Intercompany
Dr Trade In-Transit GP $40 COGS = Cost of Goods Sold
Cr DCOGS MAT $50 DCOGS = Deferred COGS
Cr DCOGS OVH $10 AR = Accounts Receivable
Cr DCOGS GP $40 AP = Accounts payable
GP = Gross Profit
183
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing 100 USD Split into three Transfer Price
Return lines (Material,
Overhead, and
Gross Profit)
Return Organization
Cost
Return Organization
Cost
Return

Payable Debit
Memo

Payable Debit
Memo
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Sending

Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Trade In-Transit 40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred RMA -50 USD Material Sending
Cost
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred RMA -10 USD Overhead Sending
Cost
184
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Trade Sales Deferred RMA -40 USD Gross Profit Internal Markup
Return Receipt Gain/Loss
The following table describes those accounting entries.
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Inventory* 50 USD Material Current Cost
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Inventory 10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Trade In-Transit -50 USD Material Current Cost
Cost Accounting RMA Receipt Trade In-Transit -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 50 USD Material Current Cost
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Return Receipt
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany -50 USD Material Current Cost
Sold
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Intercompany -10 USD Overhead Current Cost
Sold

Receivable
Credit Memo

Receivable
Credit Memo
185
Related Topics
Accounting of Global Procurement Trade Transactions into Expense:

Example
Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting process transactions and create distributions for
global procurement purchases that are received into expense destinations rather than inventory, and for services that are
expensed.
flow into expense. It illustrates:
• Accounting entries that Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting generate for the forward flow of goods or services
from the supplier, through the intermediary distributor, to the final receiving organization.
Scenario
China Supplier ships the goods to US Inc. and the goods flow through an intermediary distributor, China Ltd.

• Purchase Order (PO) price from China Supplier to China Ltd is USD 50.
• Intercompany transfer price from China Ltd to US Inc is USD 100.
• Overhead rule is configured in Cost Accounting for transaction type Trade in-Transit Receipt in cost organization
CO1.
Analysis
Accounting Entries
186
The following figure illustrates the accounting entries for the forward flow from China Ltd (sold-to legal
entity) to US Inc (receiving legal entity).



Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50 Trade In-Transit Receipt
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Trade In-Transit $100
Cr Trade Clearing $50 Cr Trade Clearing $100
Cr OVH Absorption $10
Trade In-Transit Issue

Dr IC COGS MAT $50 PO Receipt
Dr IC COGS OVH $10 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Legend IC AR Invoice PO Delivery

LE = Legal Entity Dr IC Receivable $100 Dr Expense $100
BU = Business Unit Cr IC Revenue $100 Cr Receiving Inspection $100
MAT = Material
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
GP = Gross Profit
187
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual

Receipt
Receipt
Receipt
Receipt Absorption

Issue COGS
Issue

Issue COGS
Issue

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable
Invoice

Accounting

Accounting
188
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 100 USD Material Transfer Price
Receipt
Receipt

Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice

Accounting
Receipt PO Delivery Expense 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting
Receipt PO Delivery Receiving -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

US Inc. returns goods directly to China Supplier.
The following figure illustrates the accounting entries for the return flow from legal entity US Inc. to
legal entity China Ltd .
189


Dr Accrual $50
Dr IC Accrual $100

Dr Trade Clearing $50 Trade In-Transit Return
Dr Cost Variance $10 Dr Trade Clearing $100
Trade In-Transit Ret Rec

Return to Receiving
Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10 Dr Receiving Inspection $100
Cr IC COGS MAT $50 Cr Expense $100
Cr IC COGS OVH $10
Legend
OVH = Overhead
IC = Intercompany
Cr IC Accrual $100
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
190
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual
Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit -100 USD Material Transfer Price
Return
Receipt Return to Receiving 100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Receiving Inspection
Receipt Return to Expense -100 USD Not Applicable Transfer Price

Accounting Receiving
Accounting Supplier


Payable Invoice

Payable Invoice
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Intercompany 50 USD Not Applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual

Return
191
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Cost Variance* 10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Return
Return
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -10 USD Overhead Overhead Rate
Return

Return Receipt
Return Receipt

Sold
Sold

Receivable
Invoice

Receivable Accounts Receivables
Receivable
Invoice

Accounting

Accounting
Related Topics
192
Accounting of Interorganization Transfers Within the Same Business

Unit: Example
An interorganization transfer is a trade transaction involving the movement of goods or services between organizations in
the supply chain. When the transfer occurs between organizations within the same profit center business unit, the transfer is
always at cost and there is no intercompany invoicing. Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting creates the trade events and they do
not flow through Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration.
The following is an example of accounting performed by Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost
Accounting for an interorganization transfer of goods between inventory organizations within the same profit center business
unit.
Scenario
Inventory organization M1 makes a transfer of goods to inventory organization M2. Both inventory organizations are under the
profit center business unit US West, which is under the legal entity US Inc.
Interorganization Transfer
The cost of goods transferred from M1 to M2 is USD 50 plus overhead of USD 10.
Analysis
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting create accounting entries for the transfer of goods.
193
The following figure illustrates those accounting entries.
US Inc (Shipping LE) US Inc (Receiving LE)

US West (Shipping Profit US West (Receiving Profit
Ctr BU) Ctr BU)
CO1 (Shipping Cst Org) CO2 (Receiving Cst Org)
M1 (Shipping Inv Org) M2 (Receiving Inv Org)
In-Transit Shipment

Trade In-Transit Issue Dr Trade In-Transit MAT $50
Dr IO Receivable $60 Dr Trade In-Transit OVH $10
Legend
LE = Legal Entity
BU = Business Unit Interorganization Delivery
MAT = Material Dr Inventory MAT $50
OVH = Overhead Dr Inventory OVH $10
IC = Intercompany Cr Receiving Inspection $60
GP = Gross Profit
Accounting Entries
194
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Shipment

Shipment

Shipment

Shipment
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Interorganization 60 USD Material + Current Cost

Issue Receivable Overhead
Issue
Issue
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Receipt Trade Clearing 60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Accrual Organization
Cost
Receipt Trade Receipt Interorganization -60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Accrual Payable Organization
Cost

Cost

Cost
195
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Cost Accounting Trade In-Transit Trade Clearing -60 USD Material + Sending
Receipt Overhead Organization
Cost
Receipt Interorganization Receiving 60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Receipt Inspection Organization
Cost
Receipt Interorganization Trade In-Transit -60 USD Not Applicable Sending

Accounting Receipt Organization
Cost

Cost

Cost
Cost Accounting Interorganization Receiving -60 USD Material + Sending

Delivery Inspection Overhead Organization
Cost
Related Topics
• Accounting of Interorganization Transfers Across Business Units: Example
Reviewing Item Costs and Accounting for Global Procurement Trade

Transactions: Explained
Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting process and create accounting distributions for trade transactions in the supply
chain.
The following explains how to review the results of global procurement trade transactions processed by Receipt Accounting
and Cost Accounting.
Receipt Accounting Results

In the Receipt Accounting work area, access the Review Receipt Accounting Distributions page. On this page you can view
accounting details by Source Document Number and Source Document Line Number. Source documents are purchase
order schedules, transfer orders, and sales orders.
196
Cost Accounting Results

In the Cost Accounting work area:
• Access the Review Item Costs page. On this page you can view a breakdown of the cost of items, cost comparisons
of items across organizations, and cost trends over time.
• Access the Review Cost Accounting Distributions page. On this page you can view accounting details of trade
transactions by Reference Document Number.
Related Topics
• Receipt Accounting Tasks and Accounting Events: Explained
Consigned Inventory Accounting in a Global Purchase Order:

Example
Most large enterprises use a global procurement approach to their purchasing needs, where a central buying organization
buys goods from suppliers on behalf of the internal organizations. This includes trade transactions involving consigned
inventory executed under a global purchase order. Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting and Oracle Fusion Cost Accounting
process these consigned inventory transactions and generate subledger journal entries.
• The physical and financial flow of consigned inventory in a global purchase order.
• Transactions that flow from Oracle Fusion Inventory into Cost Accounting and Receipt Accounting.
• Transactions that flow from Oracle Fusion Supply Chain Financial Orchestration into Cost Accounting and Receipt
Accounting.
197
Scenario
The supplier AND-Fresno ships the goods in consigned status to inventory organization M2-LA, through the purchasing trade
Supplier
(AND-Fresno)
Financial
Flow
Sold-to Legal Entity

Sold-to Profit Center BU 1
Purchasing Trade Org = M1-Seattle Physical
Flow
Profit Center BU 2
Ship-To Inventory Org M2-LA
Financial Contingent Owner = M2-LA
Flow
Ownership
Change
Profit Center BU 2
Legend Owner = M2-LA
BU = Business Unit
Org = Organization
198
• Sold-to Legal Entity is LE1.

• Ship-to organization is M2-LA which is also the contingent owner. Contingent owner assumes ownership from the
• Receipt and put away transactions performed in M2-LA in consigned status.
• Ownership changes from supplier AND-Fresno to M2-LA through M1-Seattle when the goods are consumed.
Orchestration, and the transactions flow into Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting. The shipment from supplier to
inventory organization M2-LA is based on trade agreement GP #123 which has the following terms:

Analysis
199
Accounting Entries
AND-Fresno
M2:Transfer to Owned M2:Consigned Receipt
Supplier
Issue Consignment
Dr Consigned Inv Offset Dr Consigned Accrual
Cr Consigned Inventory Cr Consigned Clearing
Ownership M1:Trade Receipt M2:Trade Recpt Accrual

Change Accrual Dr Trade Clearing
Dr Trade Clearing Cr IC Accrual
Cr Accrual
M1:Trade In-Transit M2:Trade In-Transit Recpt

Recpt Dr Trade In-Transit MAT
M1-Seattle Dr Trade In-Transit GP
Dr Trade In-Transit
Owner Cr Trade Clearing
Cr Trade Clearing
M1:Trade In-Transit M2:Transfer to Owned

Issue (Receipt)
Ownership Dr IC COGS Dr Inv Valuation MAT
Change Cr Trade In-Transit Dr Inv Valuation GP
Cr Trade In-Transit MAT
Cr Trade In-Transit GP
Physical
Flow
M2-LA
Consigned Owner = M2:PO Receipt M2:PO Delivery
Contingent Owner = Cr Consigned Accrual Cr Consigned Clearing
M2-LA
Legend
Inv = Inventory
IC = Intercompany
Recpt = Receipt
MAT = Material
GP = Gross Profit
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the consigned shipment from supplier
AND-Fresno to M2-LA.
200
+Dr/-Cr
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Accounting Accrual

Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade In-Transit Trade In-Transit 100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Receipt
Receipt Trade In-Transit Trade clearing -100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Receipt

Issue Cost of Goods
Sold
Issue
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

201
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Receipt Consigned Consigned 100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Consumption
Receipt Consigned Consigned -100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Consumption
Accounting Accrual
Receipt
Receipt
Receipt



Owned (Receipt)
Owned (Receipt)
Organization M2-LA returns goods to supplier AND-Fresno. The following are accounting entries for the return flow.
202
AND-Fresno
M2:Trade Ret Accrual
Supplier M2:Transfer to Consigned
Dr IC Accrual
(Receipt)
Cr Trade Clearing
Dr Consigned Inventory
Cr Consigned Inv Offset
Dr Trade Clearing
Ownership
M1:Trade Ret Accrual Cr Trade In-Transit
Change
Dr Accrual
Cr Trade Clearing M2:Consigned Receipt
Consumption
M1-Seattle Cr Consigned Accrual
Dr Trade Clearing
Owner Cr Trade In-Transit
M2:Transfer to Consigned
Issue
M1:Trade In-Transit Dr Inv Valuation MAT
Return Receipt Dr Inv Valuation GP
Dr Trade In-Transit Dr Inv Valuation OH
Ownership
Cr IC COGS Cr trade In-Transit MAT
Change
Physical Cr Trade In-Transit
Flow Cr Cost Variance
M2-LA
Consigned Owner =
AND-Fresno
Contingent Owner = M2:PO Return to Vendor M2:PO Ret to Receiving
M2-LA Dr Consigned Accrual Dr Consigned Clearing
Cr Consigned Clearing Cr Consigned Inventory
Legend
Inv = Inventory
IC = Intercompany
Recpt = Receipt
Ret = Return
MAT = Material
GP = Gross Profit
OH = Overhead
ownership from M2-LA to M1-Seattle:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Consigned Inventory
Receipt
203
Currency +Dr/-
Cr

Consigned Inventory Offset
Receipt
Receipt Trade Return Intercompany 120 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Receipt Trade Return Trade Clearing -120 USD Not applicable Transfer Price
Accounting Accrual
Return
Return
Return
Cost Accounting Consigned Consigned 100 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Clearing
Consumption
Cost Accounting Consigned Consigned -100 USD Material PO Price

Receipt Accrual
Consumption


Cost Accounting Transfer to Inventory 10 USD Overhead Not applicable


Consigned Issue
Consigned Issue
Cost Accounting Transfer to Cost Variance* -10 USD Material Not applicable
Consigned Issue
204
ownership from M1-LA to supplier AND-Fresno:
Currency +Dr/-
Cr
Receipt Trade Return Accrual 100 USD Not applicable PO Price

Accounting Accrual
Receipt Trade Return Trade Clearing -100 USD Not applicable PO Price
Accounting Accrual
Return
Return
Return Receipt

Sold
Receipt Accounting generates distributions under inventory organization M2-LA for the return shipment from M2-LA to
supplier AND-Fresno:
+Dr/-Cr

Supplier

Supplier

Receiving

Receiving
Related Topics
205
Analyzing Manufacturing and Inventory Cost Details for

Cost Accounting: Overview
You can use the Reports and Analytics work area to access predefined reports and analytics that are related to your role, and
to modify existing reports and analytics.
The following reports are available for Cost Accounting.

• Costing Account Balances Report
• COGS and Revenue Matching Report
• Gross Margin Report
• In-Transit Valuation Report
• Inventory Valuation Report
• Layer Inventory Valuation Report
• Work in Process Inventory Valuation Report
The following real time analytics are available for Cost Planning.
• Costed Bill of Materials
• Costed Bill of Materials with Cost Element
• Cost Scenario Exceptions
• Cost Comparison
• Where Used Analysis for Components and Resources
The following real time analytics are available for Cost Accounting.
• Cost Accounting Real Time
• COGS and Gross Margin Real Time
• Inventory Valuation Real Time
• Item Cost Real Time
• Work Order Costs Real Time
• Cost Accounting Period Close Real Time
• Resource Rates Real Time
• Overhead Rates Real Time
• Landed Costs Real Time
For more information on accessing and modifying reports and analytics, refer to the guide Creating and Administering
Analytics and Reports.
206
For descriptions of the reports and analyses, and information on accessing them, see the topic Oracle Supply Chain
Management Cloud: View Supply Chain Management Reports and Analyses.
Related Topics
• Creating and Administering SCM Analytics and Reports: Overview
• Oracle Supply Chain Management Cloud: View Supply Chain Management Reports and Analyses
• Reports and Analytics Pane: Explained
• Business Intelligence Catalog: Explained
• SCM Subject Areas in Oracle Transactional Business Intelligence: Explained
207
208
Using Supply Chain Cost Management Manage Landed Costs
3 Manage Landed Costs
Landed Cost Management: Overview

Oracle Fusion Landed Cost Management gives your organization financial visibility into your supply chain costs, including
transportation and handling fees, insurance, duties, and taxes. These types of charges can compose a significant portion
of the cost of an item. Landed Cost Management enables you to incorporate the charges accurately into overall financial
processes and decision-making activities. Landed Cost Management initially estimates these costs and later updates
them with actual amounts as they become known, allocating them to shipments, orders, and products. This enables you
to maximize profits, improve visibility into outstanding liabilities, enhance competitiveness, and ensure that complex trade
activities are compliant with regulatory mandates.
Landed Cost Management performs three main tasks:
• Capture Charges: Landed Cost Management provides the capability to capture charges such as freight, insurance,
and so on. These charges are captured and grouped under an entity called trade operation. A trade operation is a
logical entity that denotes a single instance of a business transaction or process in which you would like to capture
all the charges. An example of this is a single shipment or container.
• Perform Allocations: Material PO schedules are associated to charges. This denotes the PO schedules that are part
of the trade operation or that are impacted by this trade operation. After the PO schedules are referenced to charges
on the trade operation, the charge amount is distributed and allocated to the respective PO schedules and further on
to the receipts that are performed on those schedules.
• Create Accounting: The final step is to account for all the charges that were incurred. This is done by transferring all
the charge information to Receipt Accounting and Cost Accounting.
Landed Cost Management interfaces with the following applications:
• Oracle Fusion Purchasing: Landed Cost Management receives the material purchase order (PO) information. The
trade operation charges are associated with the PO schedules and allocated proportionately to the PO schedules
and receipts.
• Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting: Tasks performed when managing landed costs use data from Receipt
Accounting, and Receipt Accounting will create the accounting entries to accrue landed cost charges.
• Oracle Fusion Cost Management: Charges from Landed Cost Management are absorbed as part of the item cost in
Cost Management. After the goods are delivered to inventory, the landed cost charges are absorbed into inventory
valuation.
• Oracle Fusion Tax: Taxes may be applicable on the charges coming from Landed Cost Management. The charges
are defined in Landed Cost Management. Taxes are automatically calculated, when applicable, by calling the Tax
application.
• Oracle Fusion Payables: In most cases, suppliers send invoices for the services they provide (particularly for freight).
When these invoices relate to charges defined in a landed cost Trade Operation, it is possible to automatically
associate an invoice amount to a landed cost charge applied to a receipt. For example, when a receipt of items
is performed, the bill of lading number from the freight supplier is specified in the receipt. Then when the freight
supplier invoice is processed, the invoice line references that bill of lading number. When the freight supplier invoice
is interfaced to the landed cost application, the bill of lading number that is common to the receipt and invoice
lines is automatically associated. As a result, the landed cost application compares the estimated amount of freight
charge in the receipt to the actual amount of freight charge billed in the invoice, and adjusts the cost of the receipt
for any calculated cost variance.
209
Implementing Oracle Fusion Receipt Accounting is a prerequisite for Landed Cost Management. Implementing Oracle Fusion
Cost Accounting is optional. If you implement Cost Accounting, the landed cost charges are also visible in Cost Accounting.
Several options are available for implementing Landed Cost Management, based on the source of these landed cost charges.
You can implement a combination of one or more of these options where the source of the landed cost charges can be:
• A payable invoice from a service provider or supplier

• A supplier purchase order for the service
• An estimate provided by a supplier or any other source
Trade Operations: Explained

Create trade operations to capture landed cost charges associated with purchase order receipts of material. A trade
operation is an entity that is used to group landed cost charges expected to be incurred for material shipments. You can
create a trade operation for an upcoming shipment to capture the landed cost charges incurred for that shipment. You can
also create the trade operation after the actual shipment. Trade operations are created in the Landed Costs work area on the
Manage Trade Operations page.
Create a Trade Operation Template to pre-populate the main fields in Trade Operations for repeat purchases. Templates
define the structure for the trade operation, such as charges, reference types, routes, currency, and taxes.
To create a trade operation, perform the following steps.
1. From the Costing menu, select Receipt Accounting.

2. From the Landed Costs tasks list, select Manage Trade Operations.
3. Click Create Trade Operation and complete the required fields. The fields are described in the following table.
Field Description
Charge BU The requisitioning business unit for the charge.
Charge Basis
The level where the charge is captured. The charge basis options are as follows:
• Aggregate. If the charge is the total amount, use Allocation Basis to specify allocation.
• Per Unit. Fixed rate per unit of items. The charge is entered in the Rate field.
• Percentage of Item Price. A percentage of the full item price. The charge is entered in the
Rate field.
• Percentage of Other Charges. Percentage of another charge in the Trade Operation. This is
a good way to model tax applying to another charge. The charge is entered on the Related
Charges lines as follows:
-Item Value of the source charge
-Percentage of charge amount
• Variable Per Unit. Similar to Per Unit but specified against a specific purchase order line
schedule. There may be different rates in a charge for different schedules. The Rate is
defined directly at the purchase order schedule level associated with the charge line.
• Variable Percentage of Item Price. Similar to Percentage of Item Price but specified against
a specific purchase order line schedule. There may be different percentages in a charge
for different schedules. The Rate is defined directly at the purchase order schedule level
associated with the charge line.
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Field Description
Allocation Basis
The basis used to allocate the charge to purchase order schedules. The allocation basis options are
as follows:
• Equally. The aggregate charge value is allocated equally across purchase order schedules
associated with a charge line.
• Quantity. The aggregate charge value is allocated in the ratio of quantities present on each of
the purchase order schedules.
• Volume. The aggregate charge value is allocated in the ratio of volumes (represented in terms
of the Base UOM) present on each of the purchase order schedules.
• Weight. The aggregate charge value is allocated in the ratio of weights (represented in terms
of the Base UOM) present on each of the purchase order schedules.
• Item Value. The aggregate charge is allocated in the ratio of item value (purchase order price
multiplied by quantity) present on purchase order schedules.
• Manual Allocation Factor. The aggregate charge is allocated to the purchase order schedules
based on the manual factor provided by the user at purchase order schedule level on the
charge line.
Value Identification of associated charge reference, such as bill of lading.
Landed Cost Charges: Explained

A trade operation charge is an estimated or actual landed cost charge for allocation to purchase order schedules, and
subsequently to receipts. Landed cost charges are additional material supplier charges and third party charges that are
incurred in the process of receiving material into ownership or possession. The details regarding the allocation of charges are
captured in the charge line Status field. The charge line Status values are described in the following table.
Charge Line Status Description
New This is the initial status assigned to a new charge line.
Pending PO Schedule Association The charge line has been successfully saved, but no purchase order schedules have been
associated with the charge.
Ready for Allocation

The charge line has been successfully saved and the following conditions have been met:
• The purchase order schedules have been associated with the charge line.
• Any applicable per unit and percentage values have been entered in the Rate field.
A warning message will be displayed if the applicable per unit and percentage values have not been
entered on a charge line.
Managing Trade Operation Templates: Explained

You can create a trade operation from a trade operation template to streamline the process. Trade operation templates can
be used for repeat purchases. Create a template if you need to create a similar trade operation multiple times. This helps to
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ensure consistency. Trade operation templates contain information about the supplier, charge lines, reference types, routes,
and other related information. Whenever a trade operation is created by using a template, all this information is copied to the
trade operation. The user can modify the copied information where required. Trade operation templates are managed in the
Landed Cost Management work area on the Manage Trade Operation Templates page.
Creating Estimate Landed Costs: Procedure

You can use a Trade Operation to simulate and estimate landed cost charges associated with purchase order receipts
of material. You can create a trade operation for an upcoming shipment to capture the landed cost charges incurred for
that shipment. The landed cost features provide financial visibility into the supply chain costs, including transportation and
handling fees, insurance, duties, and taxes. A significant portion of an item's cost can be comprised of landed costs, and it is
important to accurately incorporate them into financial processes and decision making. Trade operations are created in the
Landed Costs work area on the Manage Trade Operations page.
To create estimate landed costs, complete the following steps.
1. From the Navigator menu, select Costing, and then Receipt Accounting.
2. From the Tasks panel, select Manage Landed Cost Processes.
3. Query for and run the process Prepare Material Purchase Order Data. This process updates the list of approved
purchase orders that can be selected for landed costs.
4. From the Tasks panel, select Manage Trade Operation Templates.
5. Search for the required template and click the Create from Template button. Enter the Trade Operation Name and
save the Trade Operation.
6. (Optional). Enable the Tentative option for any charge lines that you do not want to be included in receipt accounting
distributions. This option is only applicable for estimate costs.
7. Click on the Associate Default Material Purchase Orders button.
8. Click on the Select and Add button and search for and select the required purchase order. This associates all of the
Trade Operation charges to the material Purchase Order specified in the Trade Operation header.
9. Click Save. When the application has associated the purchase order to the Trade Operation charge lines, the Charge
Line Status displays a Ready for Allocation message when you hover over it.
10. Click on a charge. The Charge Details area of the page shows the purchase order line schedules associated with the
charge.
11. From the Actions menu in the Trade Operation header, select Allocate Charges. The Charge line status is
automatically updated, and the message Successfully Allocated is displayed when you hover over the icon. The total
amount of each charge is displayed in the Landed Cost Charges area. This is the estimated charge amount that is
anticipated to be applied when the items in a Purchase Order are fully received.
12. From the Actions menu in the Trade Operation header, select Update Status.
13. Set the Trade Operation status to Open. This informs Receipt Accounting that the charges in this Trade Operation
are to be added to the material cost of the items received against the Purchase Orders referenced in the Trade
Operation. Create and submit the receipt in the Receiving application.
14. From the Navigator menu, select Tools, then Scheduled Processes, then run the Transfer Transactions from
Receiving to Costing process.
15. In the Landed Costs work area navigate to the Manage Landed Cost Processes page from the Tasks menu. Select
the Allocate Landed Cost Charges process and set the Apply Charges to Receipts option to Yes in the Define
Parameters region. Submit the process.
16. (Optional). From the Navigator menu, select Costing, then Receipt Accounting. From the Tasks menu select Create
Receipt Accounting Distributions.
17. In the Landed Costs work area navigate to the View Item Landed Cost page from the Tasks menu. Select the PO
number and receipt. The item landed costs displayed include the material and landed cost charges.
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Enabling an Invoice for Landed Cost Processing: Explained

Reference Types are used for automatically matching the landed cost charge invoices to the trade operation charges. These
are typically the document names that would be used in the business process, and are visible both on the Invoice and in
landed cost management, for example, Bill of lading or Shipment number.
Invoices are designated for landed cost processing in the Payables work area. To designate an invoice line as a landed
cost, enable the Landed Cost option in the Invoice lines section on the Create or Edit Invoice pages. You can then enter the
charge details on the Charge References dialog box. After the invoice lines are accounted, submit the Transfer Costs to Cost
Management process to transfer the invoice distributions form Payables to Cost Management for further processing.
Creating Actual Landed Costs: Procedure

You can use a Trade Operation to create landed cost charges associated with purchase order receipts of material. You can
create a trade operation for an upcoming shipment to capture the landed cost charges incurred for that shipment. Trade
operations are created in the Landed Costs work area on the Manage Trade Operations page.
To create actual landed costs, complete the following steps.
1. Navigate to the Payables work area and create an invoice. Enable an invoice line for landed cost processing by
selecting the Enable option on the Landed Costs tab.
2. Select the References plus icon and add the Charge Name, Reference Type, and Reference Value. These fields will
be used to match the invoice line to the Trade Operation charge line. Save the changes.
3. Select Validate from the Invoice Actions menu. Ensure that the Validation status updates to Validated on the Invoice
Summary tab.
4. Select Post to Ledger from the Invoice Actions menu. Ensure that the Accounting status updates to Accounted on
the Invoice Summary tab. Save and close the invoice.
5. From the Navigator menu, select Tools, and then Scheduled Processes. Search for and select the Transfer Costs
to Cost Management process and set the required parameters. The Cutoff Date must be greater than or equal to
Invoice creation date. Submit the process.
7. From the Tasks panel, select Manage Trade Operations. Create a Trade Operation and complete the required fields.
Save your changes.
8. Add a charge line to the Trade Operation and complete the Charge References fields. Enable the Automatically
Associate on Match option.
The Charge References information will be used to automatically associate an invoice that has matching reference
data.
9. Select the Enable Automatic Tax Calculation option if you want to use the Tax application to automatically calculate
the tax.
10. Click on the Associate Default Material Purchase Orders button.
11. Click on the Select and Add button and search for and select the required purchase order. This associates all of the
Trade Operation charges to the material Purchase Order specified in the Trade Operation header.
12. Click Save. When the application has associated the purchase order to the Trade Operation charge lines, the Charge
Line Status displays a Ready for Allocation message when you hover over it.
13. Click on a charge. The Charge Details area of the page shows the purchase order line schedules associated with the
charge.
14. From the Actions menu in the Trade Operation header, select Update Status, and set the status to Open.
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This informs Receipt Accounting that the charges in this Trade Operation are to be added to the material cost of the
items received against the Purchase Orders referenced in the Trade Operation. Create and submit the receipt in the
Receiving application.
15. From the Actions menu in the Trade Operation header, select Allocate Charges. The Charge line status is updated
and displays Successfully Allocated when you hover over the icon. The total amount of each charge is displayed in
the Landed Cost Charges area. This is the estimated charge amount that is anticipated to be applied when the items
in a Purchase Order are fully received.
16. In the Landed Costs work area navigate to the Manage Landed Cost Processes page from the Tasks menu. Select
and run the Prepare Invoice Data process.
17. On the Manage Landed Cost Processes page select and run the Associate Invoices to Trade Operation Charges
process.
18. In the Landed Costs work area navigate to the Manage Charge Invoice Associations page from the Tasks menu,
and select the required invoice. Set the Association Status to All. The invoice association status is displayed in the
Association Details region, including the association attributes, charge line details, corresponding invoice line details,
and match status for each charge line.
19. In the Landed Costs work area navigate to the Manage Trade Operations page. Search for and open the required
Trade Operation for editing. The Charge Line Status will be set to Requires Reallocation.
20. Click on the Allocate Charges button. The actual charges are added to the Trade Operation.
Charge Invoice Association Status: Explained

When you run the Associate Invoices to Trade Operation Charges process from the Manage Landed Cost Processes page,
the Manage Charge Invoice Associations page is updated. The details regarding charge invoice associations are captured in
the Association Status field. The Association Status values are described in the following table.
Association Status Description
New This is the initial default status.
Associated The invoice line has been automatically associated to the Trade Operation Charge line.
Manually associated The invoice line has been manually associated to the Trade Operation Charge line.
Needs review The invoice line has a matching Trade Operation charge line, but you need to review and confirm the
association.
Good match There are multiple matches between the Trade Operation charge line and the invoice line. The User
needs to select the correct match and confirm the association.
No Match The Associate Invoices to Trade Operation Charges process has been run on the invoice line but a
match has not been found.
Canceled The invoice line has been canceled in Accounts Payable.
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Uploading Trade Operation Charges in a Spreadsheet:

Procedure
You can use a spreadsheet for bulk data updates to an existing Trade Operation. Add, edit, and delete operations can be
performed to update the charge information. You can use a spreadsheet to complete bulk updates for the following:
• Landed cost charges
• Landed cost charge references
• Landed cost related charges
The ADF Desktop Integrator is a prerequisite for capturing charges in a spreadsheet, and can be installed from the Tools
section of the Navigator menu.
To capture Trade Operation charges in a spreadsheet, complete the following steps.

2. From the Landed Costs tasks list, select Capture Trade Operation Charges in Spreadsheet.
3. Download the Capture Charges spreadsheet.
4. Open the spreadsheet. A pop-up message asks if you want to connect to an application. Click Yes, and enter your
sign-on credentials.
5. Search on the Capture Charges tab for the Trade Operation to be updated. The spreadsheet is populated with the
charge lines and corresponding Trade Operation data from the result set.
6. Perform the required edit, add, or delete operations. The Changed column is automatically updated with a change
indicator icon to confirm which rows have been modified.
7. Click Upload to apply your changes.
8. Repeat the above steps for any changes required on the Capture Charge References tab and the Capture Related
Charges tab.
Analyzing Landed Costs: Procedure

Compare and evaluate landed cost trends and variances, including material costs and third-party charges, across business
units, inventory organizations, and routes. You can view landed cost variances and charge analyses in the Landed Cost
Management work area on the Analyze Landed Cost Charges page and on the Analyze Landed Cost Variances page. You
can analyze landed cost charges and variances based on key dimensions, such as the following:
• Item Category
• Item Name
• Charge Name
• Supplier
To analyze landed cost variances, complete the following steps.

1. From the Costing menu, select Receipt Accounting.
2. From the Landed Costs tasks list, select Manage Landed Cost Processes.
3. Run the process Summarize Landed Cost Data.
This process prepares landed cost data for multidimensional analysis.
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4. From the Tasks panel, select Analyze Landed Cost Variances, and complete the required search fields.
5. In the View Landed Cost Charges By list select Business Unit.
The page displays the landed cost charge data, including the accounted amount, estimate amount, and actual
amount in an expandable tree table.
6. Click on the Trends icon to display the data in graph format.
Related Topics
• Setting Up Landed Cost Management: Procedure
• Setting Up Landed Cost Management: Points to Consider
FAQs for Landed Cost Management

What are landed costs?
Landed costs are the sum of the material costs and the additional landed cost charges associated with the purchasing and
receipt of material.
What's a landed cost charge?

Landed cost charges are additional material supplier charges and third party charges that are incurred in the process of
receiving material into ownership or possession, including consigned scenarios where custody may be with another party.
What's a trade operation?

A trade operation is an entity that is used to group landed cost charges expected to be incurred for material shipments. You
can create a trade operation for an upcoming shipment to capture the landed cost charges incurred for that shipment. You
can also create the trade operation after the actual shipment.
What's a reference type in Landed Cost Management?

Reference types are business documents, such as bills of lading, that are associated with landed cost charges in trade
operations to provide an audit trail of the charges. Reference types are also matched with invoices to capture actual charge
amounts.
Can I create a trade operation with multiple charge amounts in

multiple currencies?
Yes, you can modify a charge name before it is associated with a PO schedule or a trade operation. However, you cannot
modify a charge name after it is associated with a PO schedule or a trade operation.
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What are the criteria to enable a charge invoice for the Associate
Charge Invoice task?
The following criteria apply to enable a Charge Invoice for the Associate Charge Invoice task:
• The invoice line type must be Item, Freight, or Miscellaneous.

• The Enable option must be selected on the Landed Cost section of the invoice line.
• Complete the Validate and Post to Ledger invoice actions. The invoice status must be Validated and Accounted.
• Run the following process from the Tools > Scheduled Processes page: Transfer Costs to Cost Management. This
will make the invoices available for processing in Landed Cost Management.
• Run the following process from the Manage Landed Cost Processes page: Prepare Invoice Data.
• Run the following process from the Manage Landed Cost Processes page: Associate Invoices to Trade Operation
Charges.
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218
Oracle SCM Cloud Glossary
Glossary
actual cost
A cost method that tracks the actual cost of each receipt into inventory. When depleting inventory, the processor logically
identifies the receipts that are consumed to satisfy the depletion, and assigns the associated receipt costs to the depletion.
analysis group
Contains analysis code classifications for particular reporting purposes, for example fixed and variable costs analysis group.
cost book
A view or method of cost accounting for inventory transactions. You can create multiple cost books and assign them to a
cost organization for different financial and management reporting purposes.
cost element
A cost that you can associate with an item so that you can monitor the cost through the inventory and accounting life cycle.
For example, you can monitor the material cost, overhead cost, and tax cost of an item. You can monitor each of these costs
as a separate cost element.
cost organization
A grouping of inventory organizations that indicates legal and financial ownership of inventory, and which establishes common
costing and accounting policies.
cost organization book

Designates which cost book a cost organization uses for different costing and reporting purposes. For example, the
Canada cost organization may use a perpetual average cost book and a primary cost book. In this case, there are two cost
organization books: Canada-Perpetual Average, and Canada-Primary.
cost profile
Defines the cost accounting policies for items, such as the cost method and valuation structure.
DCOGS
Abbreviation for deferred cost of goods sold. Portion of cost of goods sold not recognized on the income statement, and
deferred to a future accounting period, when matching revenue is recognized.
ERV
Abbreviation for exchange rate variance. The difference between the exchange rate used for receipt accrual and the
exchange rate used for reversing the accrual.
219
FIFO
Abbreviation for first in, first out. A material control technique of rotating inventory stock so that the earliest inventory units
received or produced are the first units used or shipped. The ending inventory therefore consists of the most recently
acquired goods.
inventory organization
A logical or physical entity in the enterprise that tracks inventory transactions and balances, stores definitions of items, and
manufactures or distributes products.
IPV
Abbreviation for invoice price variance. The difference between the invoice price and the purchase order price.
layer inventory cost

Inventory valuation that is based on the receipt layer cost, including overhead absorption and cost adjustments.
perpetual average cost

The average cost of an item, derived by continually averaging its valuation after each incoming transaction. The following
equation always holds for each item: average cost of item = sum of debits and credits in inventory general ledger balance /
on-hand quantity.
PO
Abbreviation for purchase order.
purchase price variance

Difference between the purchase price and the standard cost of an item.
receipt cost
The transaction cost of a purchase order receipt or a miscellaneous receipt, including additional acquisition cost or other cost
adjustment.
receipt layer
Unique identification of delivery or put away of an item into inventory.
RMA
Abbreviation for return material authorization.
standard cost
An inventory valuation method in which inventory is valued at a predetermined standard value. You track variances for the
difference between the standard cost and the actual transaction cost, and you periodically update the standard cost to bring
it in line with actual costs.
220
TERV
Abbreviation for tax exchange rate variance. Tax component of exchange rate variance (ERV).
TIPV
Abbreviation for tax invoice price variance. Tax component of invoice price variance (IPV).
transfer price variance

Difference between the price used for transfer of items and the standard cost of the sending organization.
TRV
Abbreviation for tax rate variance. Difference between tax rates in purchase order document and invoice document.
valuation structure
Defines inventory control attributes that are used to calculate the cost of an item. For example, the valuation structure of an
item can be inventory organization and subinventory, or lot, or grade.
valuation unit
Defines the set of values for the control attributes that are used to calculate the cost of an item. For example, valuation unit V1
is defined by cost organization A, item I1, and lot L1.
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Oracle

Release 13 (update 17D)

Release 13 (update 17D)

Authors: C Fehily, P Paleti

1 Manage Receipt Accounting 1

2 Manage Cost Accounting 91

3 Manage Landed Costs 209

Oracle Applications Help

Using Applications Help

• Training: Take courses on Oracle Cloud from Oracle University .

Access to Oracle Support

Comments and Suggestions

1 Manage Receipt Accounting

Receipt Accounting: Overview

Record and Review Receipt Accounting

Receipt Accounting Tasks and Accounting Events

Task Navigation Resulting Events

Task Navigation Resulting Events

Task Navigation Resulting Events

Create period end uninvoiced receipt • Provisional expense accruals for

Create subledger accounting. • Journal entries for receipt accounting

Clear receipt accruals. • Automatic clearing of accrual balances

Generate and view reconciliation reports. • Accrual Reconciliation report

Scheduled Processes work area >

Create receipt accounting distributions. • Accounting distributions for cleared

Match purchase order receipt accruals with • Manual reconciliation of accrual

Review accrual clearing balances. • Audit the General Ledger accounted

• Enabling Encumbrance Accounting: Critical Choices

• Accrual Reversals: Explained

Receipt Accrual, Reconciliation, and Clearing: Explained

The following discusses receipt accruals, their reconciliation, and clearing.

Receipt Accrual Creation

Receipt Accrual Reconciliation and Clearing

Audit Receipt Accrual Clearing Balances

Receipt Accrual Clearing Rules: Explained

Attribute Name Description

This attribute represents the PO distribution ID on the PO document.

Possible values: Closed Or Open

Attribute Name Description

PO amount = Net Order Qty * PO Price

Supplier Supplier name on the purchase order document.

Supplier Site Supplier site code on the purchase order document.

Item Item on the purchase order line.

Item Category Item category on the purchase order line.

The following table describes the purchase order details:

PO Header Supplier Supplier Site Status

PO#1234 Advanced Network Devices New York Open/ Close/Final Close

The following table describes the purchase order lines:

Item Item Category PO Price Ordered Quantity

AS54888 Raw Materials 100 USD 100 EA

The following table describes the purchase order schedules:

Schedule Order Quantity Match Option Status

1 100 EA Order or Receipt Open

Schedule Order Quantity Match Option Status

The following table describes the receipts and invoices:

Receipt 1 60 58 55 01-2210 Open

Receipt 2 40 40 45 01-2220 Open

PO CMR AP Accrual Accrual Under- Over- Percentage Percentage Percentage

Distribution 58*100 55*100 300 USD 60 - 55 = 5 Not 5/58*100 = Not 300

The following table describes the Rule 1:

Distribution 58100 55100 300 USD 60 - 55 = 5 Not 5/58*100 = Not 300

Distribution 58100 55100 300 USD 60 - 55 = 5 Not 5/58*100 = Not 300

Distribution 58100 55100 300 USD 60 - 55 = 5 Not 5/58*100 = Not 300