At the end of this subtopic, students should be able to:

(b) Solve a given problem using algorithm.

(d) Apply appropriate control structures (Sequence, Selection: single,
dual, multiple, repetition: counter-controlled, sentinel-controlled) in
computational problem solving.
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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [SEQUENCE – Example 1]

Problem Statement: Calculate the area of parallelogram.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

base, height Calculate parallelogram area parallelogram area

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start
Input base, height
Calculate parallelogram area
parallelogram area = base x height
Display parallelogram area
Stop

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [SEQUENCE – Example 2]

Problem Statement: Calculate total price for a set of meal after 6% government tax & 10% service tax.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

price Calculate new price new price

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start

Input price
Calculate new price

new price = price x 1.16

Display new price
Stop

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [SEQUENCE – Example 3]

Problem Statement: Calculate and display the overtime pay received by an employee. Overtime rate is RM5 per
hour.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

hour Calculate overtime pay overtime pay

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start
Input hour
Calculate overtime pay

overtime pay = hour x 5

Display overtime pay
Stop

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [SELECTION – IF]

Problem Statement: If student’s mark is greater than or equal to 60, Print message “Passed”.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

Determine whether mark is greater message “Passed”

mark
than or equal to 60 or none

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start

Input mark
if mark ≥ 60

Print "Passed"
end if
Stop
False

True

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [SELECTION – IF-ELSE]

Problem Statement: If student’s mark is greater than or equal to 60, Print message “Passed”, else Print message
“Failed”.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

Determine whether mark is greater
message “Passed”
mark than or equal to 60
or “Failed”

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start
Input mark
if mark ≥ 60
Print "Passed"
else
Print "Failed"

end if False
Stop

True

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [SELECTION – MULTIPLE IF-ELSE]

Problem Statement: Check whether a number entered by user is positive, negative or zero. Display an appropriate
message as output.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

message “Positive” or
Determine respective message based on “Negative”
number
number or “Zero”

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start
Input number

if number > 0

Print "Positive"
else if number < 0
True
Print "Negative"
else

Print "Zero" False

end if
Stop True

False

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [REPETITION – EXAMPLE 1]

Problem Statement: Calculate the BMI for 4 persons.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

weight, height Calculate BMI for 4 persons BMI

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start

Set counter = 1
while counter ≤ 4
Input weight and height
Calculate BMI: True
BMI = weight ÷ (height x
height)
Display BMI False

counter = counter + 1

end while
Stop

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [REPETITION – EXAMPLE 2]

Problem Statement: Calculate the BMI for 3 persons. Print “Please reduce your weight” if BMI is greater or equal to
25.0. If not, print “You have an ideal weight”.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

Message “Please reduce

Calculate BMI and determine respective
weight, height your weight” or
message based on BMI for 3 persons.
“You have an ideal weight”

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start

Set counter = 1

while counter ≤ 3

Input weight and height

True
Calculate BMI:

BMI = weight ÷ (height x height)

if BMI ≥ 25.0 False

Display “Please reduce your

weight”

else
False
Display “You have an ideal

weight”
True
end if

counter = counter + 1

end while
Stop

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [REPETITION – EXAMPLE 3]

Problem Statement: Print the sum of odd number from 9 to 15.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

Calculate sum of odd number from 9 to

- sum
15

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start

Set counter = 9
Set sum = 0

while counter ≤ 15
sum = sum + counter True

counter = counter + 2
end while
False
Display sum
Stop

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 2.1 (b) & (d): Design a Solution - [REPETITION – EXAMPLE 4]

Problem Statement: Calculate and print the sum of several integers. Continue reading values until sentinel -99 is
read.

Problem Analysis:

Input Process Output

num Calculate sum until sentinel -99 is read. sum

Pseudocode Flowchart

Start
Set sum = 0
Input num
while num ≠ - 99

sum = sum + num

Input num

end while True

Display sum
Stop

False

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