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The document summarizes a lab report on simulating the Ising model using Python. The Ising model examines how magnetic moments and energy in a system are affected by temperature. The simulation uses the Metropolis algorithm to model atomic spins on a 10x10 lattice across temperatures from 0.1 to 4.0. Analysis of the magnetization and energy plots reveals a phase transition from a ferromagnetic to disordered phase at the critical temperature, demonstrating spontaneous symmetry breaking.

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Amirthan Arul
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15 views

LabReport2

The document summarizes a lab report on simulating the Ising model using Python. The Ising model examines how magnetic moments and energy in a system are affected by temperature. The simulation uses the Metropolis algorithm to model atomic spins on a 10x10 lattice across temperatures from 0.1 to 4.0. Analysis of the magnetization and energy plots reveals a phase transition from a ferromagnetic to disordered phase at the critical temperature, demonstrating spontaneous symmetry breaking.

Uploaded by

Amirthan Arul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAB REPORT – 2

ISING MODEL USING PYTHON


Name: AMIRTHAN ARUL
Roll No: 210005005
OBJECTIVE:
a) Examine the Ising Model intricacies.
b) Analyze the nuanced effects of temperature on magnetic moments and energy in the system.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:
The Ising model, a cornerstone of statistical physics, delves into the realms of magnetism and phase
transitions by leveraging the following foundational concepts:
● Atomic Spins: These quantum properties, likened to charge or mass, manifest as tiny magnetic
dipoles with binary orientations: up (+1) or down (-1).
● Interaction Energy (J): J typifies the energy arising from spin interactions. Positive J signifies
ferromagnetic inclinations leading to aligned spins, whereas negative J alludes to antiferromagnetic
propensities where spins oppose.
● External Magnetic Field (h): This factor propels spin alignment in directions either concordant
(positive h) or adversarial (negative h) to the field.
METHODOLOGY:
Metropolis Algorithm Employment: For each Monte Carlo step, a random lattice site was selected. The
energy difference, ΔE, due to potential spin flip was assessed. Based on ΔE, the spin was flipped
immediately or based on a calculated probability.
● Equilibration: A substantial fraction of the simulation was dedicated to ensuring the system attains
equilibrium.
● Data Compilation: Subsequent to equilibration, macro-properties like energy and magnetization
were captured and averaged.
● Temperature Dynamics: Simulations spanned various temperatures to fathom the system's thermal
responses.
SIMULATION DETAILS: Link to COLAB(Code)
Parameters:
● Lattice Size: 10 x 10
● Coupling Constant (J): 2.0
● Steps: 10,000 with the first 5,000 reserved for equilibration.
● Temperatures: Spanning from 0.1 to 4.0.
EXTRAPOLATIONS FROM DATA:
● Phase Transition: The plot of magnetization vs temperature showcases an inflection, indicative of a
phase shift from a structured ferromagnetic state to a disordered phase at critical temperature.
● Magnetization's Subtlety: Approaching the critical temperature, the magnetization wanes and
becomes almost negligible beyond it, demonstrating spontaneous symmetry breaking.
● Energy Dynamics: Energy generally surges with temperature. An inflection in this trend, or a peak
in specific heat, pinpoints a phase transition. .

RESULTS AND VISUALIZATIONS:

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