SELECTED TEST QUESTIONS FOR TEST2

Test Bank
to accompany
Behavioral Neuroscience, Eighth Edition
S. Marc Breedlove and Neil V. Watson

Chapter 4: The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and

Neuropharmacology

TEST QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice

23. If drug A is found to bind to a certain type of receptor for a longer time period than
drug B does, then drug A is said to have greater
a. affinity.
b. selectivity.
c. potency.
d. specificity.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

24. The affinity of a drug may be quantified by adding molecules of the drug to a solution
containing receptors and then determining the concentration required to bind
a. all of the receptors.
b. all of the receptors of one type, but none of the receptors of a second type.
c. half of the receptors.
d. none of the receptors.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

25. People who take a drug for a period of time may come to experience an increased
effect of the drug even with no increase in the dosage. This is an example of
a. sensitization.
b. tolerance.
c. withdrawal.
d. cross-tolerance.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

26. Which substance alters axonal transport?
a. Caffeine
b. Black widow spider venom
c. Tetanus toxin
d. Colchicine
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

27. Historically, some native hunters have been known to immobilize prey using
chemicals isolated from plants. Which substance would work best for this purpose?
a. Cocaine
b. Morphine
c. Curare
d. THC
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

28. A person who develops involuntary contractions of some muscles after walking
barefoot in the woods may have been exposed to
a. botulinum toxin.
b. black widow venom.
c. tetanospasmin.
d. psilocybin.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

29. The neuromodulator adenosine regulates synaptic activity through its actions on
a. postsynaptic receptors.
b. neurotransmitter reuptake.
c. synaptic enzymes.
d. presynaptic autoreceptors.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

30. The venom of the black widow spider causes an increased release of
a. acetylcholine.
b. norepinephrine.
c. serotonin.
d. epinephrine.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

31. Verapamil inhibits neurotransmitter release by blocking

a. sodium channels.
b. autoreceptors.
c. calcium channels.
d. storage in vesicles.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

32. The mood-stabilizing drug lithium acts by

a. inhibiting serotonin reuptake.
b. blocking NMDA receptors.
c. inhibiting cAMP.
d. activating AMPA receptors.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

33. Which statement about adenosine is false?

a. It acts as a neuromodulator.
b. It blocks the transporter mechanism on vesicles.
c. It acts on presynaptic receptors.
d. It inhibits catecholamine release.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

34. You discover a compound that has a similar molecular structure to amphetamine.
This compound will probably affect _______ receptors.
a. catecholamine
b. acetylcholine
c. endogenous opiate
d. GABA
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.
35. Which substance is a pure compound derived from poppies?
a. Melanocortin
b. Dynorphin
c. Enkephalin
d. Morphine
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

36. You discover a protein that has a binding site for benzodiazapines, steroids, and
barbiturates. This protein probably binds
a. dopamine.
b. serotonin.
c. GABA.
d. acetylcholine.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

37. A newly discovered drug that blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors and seems to
alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia would be classified as a(n)
a. benzodiazapine.
b. typical neuroleptic.
c. atypical neuroleptic.
d. analgesic.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

38. Which of the following is a possible consequence of long-term, chronic amphetamine

use?
a. Compulsive behavior and depression
b. Psychosis and somnolence
c. Anxiety and cognitive impairment
d. Compulsive behavior, cognitive impairment, and psychosis
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

39. The antipsychotic drug haloperidol is particularly selective for dopamine _______
receptors.
a. D1
b. D2
c. D3
d. auto-
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

40. Most antipsychotic medications act by blocking _______ receptors.

a. serotonergic
b. dopaminergic
c. cholinergic
d. muscarinic
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

41. Alcohol’s calming influence may be attributable to its ability to _______ secretion.
a. decrease norepinephrine
b. increase anandamide
c. decrease opiate
d. increase allopregnanolone
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

42. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam or other anxiolytics, appear to modulate the

activity of the neurotransmitter
a. dopamine.
b. serotonin.
c. GABA.
d. acetylcholine.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

43. The main active ingredient in marijuana is
a. hashish.
b. tetracycline.
c. THC.
d. PCP.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

44. Cannabinoid receptors have been found to be widely distributed in the brain, but they
are not present in significant numbers in the
a. hippocampus.
b. substantia nigra.
c. cerebral cortex.
d. brainstem.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

45. Current research suggests that the substance _______ may be an endogenous ligand
for cannabinoid receptors.
a. allopregnanolone
b. anandamide
c. THC
d. dynorphin
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

46. People with alcohol addiction may develop neural degeneration and Korsakoff’s
syndrome as a result of a dietary deficiency of
a. thiamine.
b. protein.
c. tryptophan.
d. calcium.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

47. One of the prominent mechanisms through which alcohol alters the functioning of the
brain is its interaction with
a. myelin.
b. GABAA receptors.
c. benzodiazepine receptors.
d. genes.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

48. Cocaine was initially used as a(n)
a. local anesthetic.
b. analgesic.
c. antipsychotic.
d. sedative.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

49. Chewing coca leaves does not result in

a. increased endurance.
b. an increased sense of well-being.
c. reduction of hunger.
d. addiction.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

50. LSD appears to exert its effects through its interactions with receptors for the
neurotransmitter
a. opioid.
b. norepinephrine.
c. glycine.
d. serotonin.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

51. Ketamine acts by _______ receptors.

a. activating AMPA
b. activating serotonin
c. blocking NMDA
d. blocking dopamine
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

52. Which of the following has not been shown to be an effect of the drug MDMA
(“Ecstasy”) in humans?
a. Memory disturbances
b. Alteration of serotonergic neurons
c. PTSD
d. Depression.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Drugs That Affect the Brain Can Be Divided into Functional
Classes
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

53. On occasion, chronic abusers of amphetamines have been misdiagnosed as suffering
from
a. panic disorder.
b. depression.
c. autism.
d. schizophrenia.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

54. PET studies of the effects of ketamine on the brains of healthy volunteers have shown
focal increases in metabolic activity in the
a. hippocampus.
b. hypothalamus.
c. brainstem.
d. prefrontal cortex.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

55. There are at least _______ subtypes of cannabinoid receptors.

a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 12
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

56. Genetic disruption of _______ receptors causes mice to be unresponsive to the

rewarding properties of cannabinoid drugs.
a. 5-HT2
b. CB1
c. GABAA
d. CB2
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

57. As a psychologist treating a client with recalcitrant depression and a client with
obsessive–compulsive disorder, you recommend _______ and _______, respectively.
a. LSD; ketamine
b. psilocybin; ketamine
c. ketamine; psilocybin
d. ketamine; MDMA
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

58. When the minimum criteria for substance dependence in an individual have not been
met, but there is evidence of maladaptive patterns of use that persists for at least one
month, the diagnosis is
a. substance abuse.
b. addiction.
c. withdrawal.
d. tolerance.
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

59. One perspective on drug addiction proposes that a feature shared by all habit-forming
drugs is that they
a. evoke hallucinations.
b. have strong rewarding properties.
c. cause a chronic maladaptation syndrome.
d. cause bursts of intense activity.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

60. Which drug is used to treat people who have become addicted to heroin?
a. Lithium
b. Haliperidol
c. Alcohol
d. Methadone
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

61. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is prescribed for people who are trying to overcome
dependence on
a. cocaine.
b. amphetamine.
c. alcohol.
d. heroin.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

62. Which statement about substance abuse treatments is true?

a. Behavioral methods do not require much time.
b. Pharmacological treatments can only treat the discomfort of withdrawal.
c. We may be able to disrupt the connection between drug cues and the rewards of a drug.
d. Vaccination studies have not produced promising results.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: The Cutting Edge: The Needle and the Damage Undone
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

63. An effective anti-cocaine vaccine would
a. cause absolute aversion to cocaine.
b. increase the effort required to obtain and use cocaine.
c. decrease the pleasure provided by any drug.
d. decrease the pleasure provided by cocaine.
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: The Cutting Edge: The Needle and the Damage Undone
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

Fill in the Blank

9. The affinities of drugs are expressed in units of concentration: the higher the affinity,
the _______ the concentration.
Answer: lower
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

10. The receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate are called kainate receptors, NMDA
receptors, and _______ receptors.
Answer: AMPA
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

11. The fact that the drug naloxone may suppress alcohol consumption suggests that the
_______ system may be involved in the effects of alcohol in the brain.
Answer: opiate
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

12. The drug “Ecstasy,” or MDMA, is a hallucinogenic form of _______.

Answer: amphetamine
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

13. The active ingredient in marijuana, THC, exerts its effects on the brain through
interactions with _______ receptors.
Answer: cannabinoid
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

14. The molecular structure of LSD resembles that of the neurotransmitter _______.
Answer: serotonin
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

15. 2-AG is a type of _______.
Answer: endocannibinoid (or endogenous cannabinoid)
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Are Used to Alter Conscious Experiences
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

16. The _______ model of drug abuse considers abuse to be a consequence of a desire to
avoid withdrawal symptoms.
Answer: physical dependence
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

17. A common feature of addictive drugs appears to be that they cause the release of
_______ in the _______.
Answer: dopamine; nucleus accumbens
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

18. The _______ is an area of the brain which, when lesioned, allows patients to quit
smoking effortlessly.
Answer: insula
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

19. One novel approach to the treatment of drug abuse involves the use of _______
directed against drug molecules, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of the drug
in the blood.
Answer: antibodies
Textbook Reference: Drug Abuse and Addiction Are Widespread Problems
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

Matching

Match each of the following lettered items with an item from the numbered list below.
_____ a. LSD
_____ b. Ketamine
_____ c. Muscarine
_____ d. Diazepam (Valium)
_____ e. Caffeine
_____ f. Heroin
1. GABA receptors
2. Acetylcholine receptors
3. Adenosine receptors
4. Opiate receptors
5. NMDA receptors
6. Serotonin receptors
Answer: a. 6; b. 5; c. 2; d. 1; e. 3; f. 4

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

Define/Describe/Identify

Give a definition or functional description for each of the following terms or concepts:

9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
adenosine
agonist
allopregnanolone
amphetamine
analgesic
antidepressants
antipsychotics
anxiolytics
atypical neuroleptics
barbiturate
benzodiazepine agonists
binding affinity
bioavailable
biotransformation
blockers.
blood-brain barrier
caffeine
cocaine
cross-tolerance
cue-induced drug use
degradation
dependence
depressants
dissociative drug
dose-response curve (DRC)
down-regulation
dual dependence
dynorphins
dysphoria
efficacy
endocannabinoid
endogenous
endogenous opioids
endorphins
enkephalins
excitotoxicity
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
functional tolerance
hallucinogens
heroin
insula
ketamine
khat
local anesthetic
LSD
© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.
marijuana
MDMA
metabolic tolerance
morphine
neuroleptics
neurosteroids
nicotine
opioid peptide
opioid receptor
opium
orphan receptor
pharmacodynamics
pharmacokinetics
phencyclidine (PCP)
retrograde transmitter
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
sensitization
substance abuse
tolerance
transmitter reuptake
transporters
tricyclic antidepressants
typical neuroleptics
up-regulation
vaccination
withdrawal symptom

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

COMPANION WEBSITE QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice

7. As a consequence of repeated use of a drug, larger and larger doses of the drug may be
necessary in order to achieve the same effect. This is a consequence of the development
of
a. sensitization.
b. tolerance.
c. withdrawal.
d. cross-tolerance.
Answer: b
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

8. Down-regulation is the process by which

a. there is an increase in the effectiveness of endogenous neurotransmitters.
b. there is a decrease in the amount of drug necessary for regulation of normal
functioning.
c. an excessive number of transmitter molecules are available to the receptor over a
period of time, causing a decrease in the receptor sites that can be counted.
d. an excessive amount of a drug is available to the receptor over a period of time,
causing an increase in the receptor sites that can be counted.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing

9. The dose at which a drug has a half-maximal response is termed the

a. saturated dose.
b. therapeutic dose.
c. ED50.
d. LD50.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

10. The development of _______ tolerance may result in a change in the number of
receptors present in the cell membrane.
a. functional
b. metabolic
c. cross-
d. therapeutic
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Effects of a Drug Depend on Its Site of Action and Dose
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.

11. Which substance competes with the neuromodulator adenosine?
a. Caffeine
b. Nicotine
c. Tetanus toxin
d. Colchicine
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: Drugs Affect Each Stage of Neural Conduction and Synaptic
Transmission
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

12. Drugs that are effective in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia are known as
a. anxiolytics.
b. tricyclics.
c. neuroleptics.
d. sedatives.
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

13. Which drug is a serotonergic agonist and functions like an anxiolytic?

a. Nicotine
b. Morphine
c. Buspar
d. Valium
Answer: c
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

14. The calming effect of alcohol on neurons is probably mediated by _______, which is
one of alcohol’s breakdown products.
a. an orphan receptor
b. kainate
c. thiamine
d. allopregnanolone
Answer: d
Textbook Reference: Some Neuroactive Drugs Ease the Symptoms of Injury or
Psychiatric Illness
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

15. Which therapy would provide a substance abuser with a way of controlling drug use
with the least effort?
a. A vaccine against the drug
b. Behavioral modification
c. Pharmacological treatment
d. Dissociation of drug cues and drug rewards
Answer: a
Textbook Reference: The Cutting Edge: The Needle and the Damage Undone
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.