Experiment 1 - Osmosis

Notre Dame of Midsayap College
College of Nursing
CELLULAR
EXPERIMENTS
MC 101 – ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Instructor: Johnryl L. Francisco, RN, MPA, MBA, CHA, FPCHA
LAGDAMIN, R JAY JALANDOON

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
LEVEL 1 – C
EXPERIMENT #1: OSMOSIS (50 Points)
Osmosis is the phenomenon in which solvent molecules pass through a

semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration. The process continues until the quantity of fluid is
balanced or equalized in both regions, the region of higher concentration and
the region of lower concentration of the semipermeable membrane. In other
words, osmosis is the diffusion or movement of water from a region of higher
water potential to a region of lower water potential.
Plants have cell walls that can prevent lysis if too much water flows into
the cell. Plant cytoplasm tends to be hypertonic to the outside environment,
which results in an inflow of water and a high amount of pressure (turgor
pressure) inside the cell. The water will leave the cell when a plant is placed in
a hypertonic environment. This causes the cell to shrink and detaches the
plasma membrane from the cell wall (plasmolysis). Turgor pressure can hold
plants upright, while plasmolysis can cause plants to wilt.
Materials Needed:
3 Bowls
1 tsp Salt
3 tsp Sugar
6 Slices of Potato (from the center – the inner portion)
300 mL water
Procedures:
1. Fill each bowl with 300 mL of room temperature water.
2. Add salt to one bowl, sugar to the second, and nothing to the third.
3. Place two slices from the center of the potato in each bowl. Remove the
slices after 30 minutes to examine them.
4. Record your Observations and Results.
5. Document your output before and after the experiment.
6. Attach pictures of your Observations and Results in every solution and
answer the questions below.
Questions:
1. What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?
The name "hypertonic" comes from the words "hyper," which
means high concentration, and "tonic," which means fluid. The
hypertonic solution has a higher fluid concentration. A cell will shrink if
it is placed in a hypertonic solution because osmosis causes water inside
the cell to migrate outside. Osmosis is the process by which water moves
from an area with a high water concentration to one with a lower water
concentration through a semipermeable membrane. A hypotonic
solution, on the other hand, has a low solute solution. The passage of
water into a cell will cause it to swell if it is placed in a hypotonic
solution.
2. What happens to plant cells that are placed in a hypertonic solution?
In a hypertonic solution, a cell will lose volume and experience a
net flow of water out of the cell. Plasmolysis occurs in a hypertonic fluid
inside a plant cell. Plant cells that have been placed in a solution with a
higher concentration of solutes than the cell experience plasmolysis,
which is the loss of water. It serves as an illustration of osmosis' effects.
3. What happens to animal cells placed in a hypotonic solution? Why
should this be different from plant cells?
As I have answered in number 1, a hypotonic solution is a solution
that contains a lower solute concentration. If animal and plant cells are
put together in a hypotonic solution, endosmosis will occur. Endosmosis
is the movement of the water inside the cells when the cell is placed in a
hypotonic solution. The cell expands as a result of this water movement.
4. Why are dehydrated patients given saline intravenously instead of water?
IV fluids are liquids that are injected into a vein specifically to treat
or prevent dehydration. When someone is critically dehydrated, they
require IV fluids. Crystalloid solutions, which are used to create IV
fluids, allow for the osmosis mechanism that allows water to enter or exit
our cells.
Documentation
Before
Picture Picture
Description: Salt Description:

First, I fill the bowl with 300 mL of First, I put 300 mL of room
room temperature water. Then, I put 1 temperature water in the bowl. Then, I
tablespoon of salt. Next, I put the two put 3 tablespoons of sugar. Next, I put
slices in the middle of the bowl. Finally, I the two slices of potato in the center of
let the two slices of potato to be soaked in the bowl. Finally, I soaked the two
the salt solution for 30 minutes. slices of potato for 30 minutes in the
sugar solution.
Picture
Description: Plain
I just put 300 mL of room water
temperature in the bowl and let the two
slices of potatoes be soaked for 30 minutes
After
Picture Picture
Description: Salt Description: Sugar

After removing the potatoes from a After removing the potatoes
salt solution, they shrunk, showing that in a sugar solution, less water
water is diffusing from a less spread out of the potato. Slightly
concentrated solution to a more more flexible, but not more like
concentrated solution. It is bendy and salt.
doesn’t snap at all when you try to break
it.
Picture
Description: Plain
After putting the sliced potato from a water
solution, it doesn’t feel much different, just a wet
potato. If I poke it or scratch it, nothing happens. It
becomes rigid since it absorbs water. It feels firm and
crisp. It snaps when you try to break it.
Observations and Results:

I prepared all the essential materials and then I began the experiment. I
divided 300 ml of water into three equal portions, adding one teaspoon of salt
to the first, three tablespoons of sugar to the second, and nothing at all to the
third. I put the bowl with the two cut potatoes inside and set the timer for 30
minutes. When the timer goes off, I take the potatoes out of the water and
inspect each one.
After removing the potatoes from different solutions, they have different
results. The slice placed in salt is very flexible, while the slice placed in sugar is
flexible, but not more like salt. The potato from the salt solution shrunk,
showing that water is diffusing from a less concentrated solution to a more
concentrated solution. The potatoes from a sugar solution, less water will
spread out of the potato since potatoes already contain sugar. After putting the
sliced potato in a water solution, it doesn’t feel much different, just a wet
potato. If I poke it or scratch it, nothing happens. It becomes stiff since it
absorbs water. It feels firm and crisp. It snaps when you try to break it.

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Notre Dame of Midsayap College

LAGDAMIN, R JAY JALANDOON

Osmosis is the phenomenon in which solvent molecules pass through a

Description: Salt Description:

Description: Salt Description: Sugar

Observations and Results:

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