DATA MANAGEMENT ( PART 3)

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (UNGROUPED DATA)

Mean - the sum of all values divided by the total number of values.
Median - the middle number in an ordered data set.
Mode - the most frequent value.
Mean
The arithmetic mean of a data set is the sum of all values divided by the total number of values.
It’s the most commonly used measure of central tendency because all values are used in the
calculation.
∑𝒙
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏: 𝐱̅ = 𝑵

Example: Find the mean. 8 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 10

𝐱̅ =
5
QUIZ 1 2 3 4 5
45
SCORES 8 10 9 8 10 𝐱̅ = 5

𝐱̅ = 𝟗

Median
The median of a data set is the value that is exactly in the middle when it is ordered from low to
high.
𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 x̃
Example: Find the median.

QUIZ 1 2 3 4 5
SCORES 19 17 20 20 18 _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

Suppose we add another 17 in the set of scores

Example: Find the median. 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 x̃

QUIZ 1 2 3 4 5 6
SCORES 19 17 20 20 18 17
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

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Mode
The mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data set. It’s possible to have no mode,
one mode, or more than one mode.

Example: Find the median. 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆

QUIZ 1 2 3 4 5
8 and 10 ( bimodal )
SCORES 8 10 9 8 10

Which measure of central tendency can I use ?

For a nominal level, you can only use the mode to find the most frequent value.
For an ordinal level or ranked data, you can also use the median to find the value in the middle
of your data set.
For interval or ratio levels, in addition to the mode and median, you can use the mean to find
the average value.
Find the mean, median, and mode.

Scores Frequency
fx
(x) (f)
3 5
7 3
5 4
9 2
2 1

N= ___ ∑ 𝒇𝒙=___

Activity 1
Scores Frequency
fx
(x) (f)
15 1
8 3
12 4
10 7
8 5

N= ___ ∑ 𝒇𝒙=___

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MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY (GROUPED DATA)
GROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
In a research a physician conducted a study on the ages of persons with diabetes. The following
data were obtained for the ages of a sample of 25.
48 41 57 58 55
61 38 48 70 60
54 23 47 79 48
64 45 52 75 42
12 60 75 44 67
a. Construct a stem-leaf plot.
b. Compute for the range. R = HS - LS
c. Determine the number of class intervals. 𝒌 = 𝟏 + 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑵
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑅 Stem Leaf
d. Determine the class size. 𝐶 = 𝑘

e. Find the mean, median, and mode.

Mean
Ages Frequency Class Mark fx
(f) (x)

Re-arrange
Stem Leaf

Formula:
∑ 𝒇𝒙
̅=
𝒙
𝑵
∴ The mean is ______.
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Median

Ages Frequency < cf

(f)

𝑁 = 25
𝒏
−< 𝒄𝒇
𝑿 = 𝑳𝑪𝑩 + (𝟐
̃ )𝒊
𝒇𝒎𝒄
Where:
𝐿𝐶𝐵 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙/𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑛 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
< 𝑐𝑓 = 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠.
𝑓𝑚𝑐 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

Mode
Ages Frequency
(f)
= ̃ − ̅

Where: =
=
=
Mean – Mode = 3 (Mean – Median)
𝑁 = 25
Median)
𝑳𝑪𝑩𝒎𝒐 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

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NAME ______________________________ SET _____
SECTION __________ DATE _____________

I. Given the set of scores. Find the mean, median, and mode.

1A) 88, 92, 88, 98, 89, 85, 87, 90, 92, 88 2A) 17, 12, 18, 15, 16, 15, 18, 20, 14, 13, 19
1B) 86, 92, 89, 99, 89, 85, 87, 91, 92, 89 2B) 17, 13, 16, 18, 19, 16, 20, 15, 17, 19, 14,

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NAME ______________________________ SET _____
SECTION __________ DATE _____________

II. Given the set of scores. 10 points

SET A SET B

88 90 86 82 94 86 92 84 81 93
75 98 85 97 90 77 98 85 97 90
85 86 90 93 85 85 86 90 92 86
90 79 92 73 89 90 78 92 74 88
92 80 95 80 77 92 80 95 80 75
95 82 88 70 84 96 81 87 70 86

a. Construct a stem-leaf plot.

b. Compute for the range. R = HS - LS
c. Determine the number of class intervals. 𝒌 = 𝟏 + 𝟑. 𝟑𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝑵
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑅
d. Determine the class size. 𝐶 = 𝑘

III. The table shows a frequency distribution of grades obtained by G12-Eintein students in
GenMath. Find the mean, median, and mode. 10 points

SET A SET B

Grade Frequency fx Grade Frequency fx

92-100 7 92-100 8
83-91 11 83-91 10
74-82 16 74-82 15
65-73 6 65-73 6
56-64 3 56-64 4
47-55 2 47-55 2