INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
C C I N C O M L
CIT Faculty

Fundamentals of Computing
• This module discusses basic computer and information systems
concepts such as parts of computer, computer classifications,
hardware and software concepts.

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

TOPIC OUTLINE

Fundamentals of Computing

֎ Computer definition and use

֎ Parts of Information System
֎ Types of Computer
֎ Computer hardware
֎ Input and Output Devices
֎ Software and software types
֎ Summary
֎ Key Terms
֎ References

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

1
FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMPUTING

OBJECTIVES

A F T E R R E A D I N G T H I S P A R T O F T H E M O D U L E ,
T H E L E A R N E R S W I L L B E A B L E T O :

➢ Define computer and its uses

➢ Enumerate parts of Information System
➢ Identify hardware parts of computer
➢ Discuss different types of computers
➢ Distinguish input and output devices
➢ Describe software and software types

Computing is the process

A manufacturing concern is a nature of
A manufacturing concern
of using computer is a natureto
technology
business operations that converts raw
of business operations that converts
complete
materials a finished
into given goal-oriented
goods as its final
raw materials into finished goods as its
task.
products.
final products.

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information,

or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You
may already know that you can use a computer to type documents,
send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to
edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

COMPUTER
U S E O N D I F F E R E N T F I E L D S

Bank Weather
Forecasting
Engineering

Law Medicines
enforcement

COMPUTER
Educational
Entertainment
Scientist / Mathematicians

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

INFORMATION SYSTEM

An information system is a set of interrelated components

that collect, process, store, and diss eminate data and
information. It provides feedback mechanism to monitor and
control its operation to make sure it co ntinues to meet its
goals and objectives. The following are the six (6) parts of
an information system:

PEOPLE PROCEDURE

People are the most important Procedures are the set of

part of the Information Systems guidelines and rule to follow when
Technology using the hardware, the software
applications and the data.

SOFTWARE
HARDWARE

Software or programs are

instructions that will tell the Hardware is the physical equipment
computer how it should do its that implements the data processing
work. The main purpose of a so that useful information may come
program is to process the data as a result. Hardware needs
(raw fact) into usable information. software for it to run smoothly and
do its specified task.

DATA CONNECTIVITY

Data includes texts, numbers, Connectivity allows the

sounds, images and video that is computer to access and
still unprocessed. These are the share data and information
facts and facet of records that we that are available somewhere
input into the computer and then else.
once processed may yield
information desired. Page 6 of 14
 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer hardware refers to the physical components that

perform input, processing, data storage, and outp ut.
These include the processor, memory, and input /output
devices.
There are five types of computers today, these are:
1. Super computers
2. Mainframe computers
3. Mid-range computers
4. Micro computers
5. Handheld computer

SUPERCOMPUTERS

- are the most powerful computer

available. These computers are
high capacity computers that run
continuously and are being used
by very big organizations mostly
big corporations and government
institutions.

MAINFRAMES

- are less powerful than super

computers but are capable of
great processing speed, multi
tasking capability and high data
storage.

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

TYPES OF COMPUTERS

MID-RANGE COMPUTERS

- are used for medium sized

companies for specific purpose.
They may be used for certain
assembly line operations or
manufacturing stages in big as a
washing machine.

MICROCOMPUTER

- or the desktop computers are the

most common and widely used
computer today. There are two
types of microcomputers, they
are the desktop computer and
the notebook computer.

HANDHELD COMPUTERS

- Are the smallest computers that

are designed to fit into one hand
or palm that is why they are
also called palm-top computers.

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

COMPUTER PARTS

The system unit or chassis houses or encloses most of the

components that make up a computer system.
The microprocessor and the memory units are the most
important parts of the system.

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

COMPUTER PARTS

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

INPUT, OUTPUT AND MEMORY DEVICES

Any data or information, ent ered into the computer for

processing, by means of an input device is know n as input.
After processing, information are displayed th rough output
devices. Memory devices are used to store data for future
use.

INPUT OUTPUT
D E V I C E S D E V I C E S

MEMORY
D E V I C E S

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

FUNDAMENTALS OF

COMPUTING

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Software is the other name for computer program. Basically

is the step by step instructions that tell the computer what to
do to process the data into desired format. The two kinds of
software are:
Systems software are those programs that are being used
by the computer hardware. These are the operating systems,
device drivers and utilities that manage the internal resources
of the computer. Example: Windows XP, Windows Vista
Application software are those programs that are used by
the end-user. These are the programs that process user raw
data encoded or placed into the computer. Application
software includes:
o Word processing Application (MS Word)
o Spreadsheet Application (MS Excel)
o Presentation graphics (MS PowerPoint)
o Organizer (MS Outlook)
o Database management Program (Microsoft Access)
o Desktop Publishing, Graphics, video, multimedia,
animation
For connectivity applications, one may use programs such
as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator to
connect, surf or browse the interne t.

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

CHALLENGE QUESTION S

No. 1
Refers to a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and disseminate
data and information.
a. Computer system
b. Information system
c. Integrated system
d. direct manufacturing labor costs + conversion costs
No. 2
It Is the most powerful computer available
a. microcomputer
b. mid-range computer
c. supercomputer

No. 3
Which of the following is an input device?
a. Mouse
b. Printer
c. Flash drive

No. 4
Which is an example of application system?
a. Windows 11
b. Mac OS
c. MS Word

No. 5
Which is used to run connectivity applications?
a. MS Excel
b. Google Chrome
c. Adobe Photoshop

No.5 B No.4 C No.3 A No.1 B No.2 C

SUGGESTED ANSWERS

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 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING

REFERENCES

Stair, Ralph M. and Reynolds, George. (2020). Principles of Information Systems. 13E. Cengage
Learning Asia Pte Ltd.

What Does Computing Mean?. Last Accessed: August, 2022.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/6597/computing

GCF Learnfree.org. Computer Basics: What is a Computer?. Last Accessed: August, 2022
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/what-is-a-computer/1/

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