Senior High School

Understanding Culture, Society

and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Human Responses to Emerging
Challenges in Contemporary Society
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics– Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: New Challenges to Human Adaptation and Social
Change

First Edition, 2019

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 Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Human Responses to Emerging
Challenges in Contemporary Society
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Human Responses to Emerging
Challenges in Contemporary Society!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Human Responses to Emerging
Challenges in Contemporary Society.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of

What is It
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know
The module is designed for the learners to understand the challenges in
contemporary society and how human expected to response to it. Specifically, it will
tackle two major challenges to human adaptation and social change: Global Warming
and Climate Change, and Transnational Migration, and Overseas Filipino workers.
Global warming and climate change which relate to ecological problems and the
transnational migration and the challenges of cultural differences and culture shock
specifically experienced by Overseas Filipino workers abroad. Further, it provides details
on the advantages and disadvantages of international labor migration by highlighting
the impact on domestic economies and the results to the formation of the
transnational household and family.

Basically, understanding the concept of these new challenges help prepare the
learner to real life situation. Accompanied into this module are two subtopics and
various activities that were developed based on learning competencies. This could
help the learners to test what they have already known and what they have learned.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

New Challenges to Human Adaptation and Social Change

● Lesson 1 – Global Warming and Climate Change
● Lesson 2 - Adaptation
● Lesson 3 – Transnational Migration and Overseas Filipino

Workers After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify new challenges faced by human populations in contemporary societies.

2. Describe how human societies adapt to new challenges in the physical, social,
and cultural environment.
3. Develop a plan of action for community-based response to change.

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 What I Know

I. Match Me

DIRECTIONS: Match Column A and Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the
space provided before the number.

Column A Column B
1. Help lessen the amount of CO2 A. Recycle
2. Help lessen carbon footprint B. Using less
air
3. Help minimize waste conditionin
4. Save electricity and reduce global warming by
g
turning off lights when you leave a room, and using only as C. Drive less
much light as you need. D. Use the off switch
E. Plant a tree
5. It refers to the erratic change of weather system in F. Climate change
the world. G. Global warming
H. Adaptation
6. Helps absorb carbon dioxide
I. Transnation
7. It refers to immigrants whose daily lives depend al migration
on multiple and constant interconnections across J. Trans-migrants
international borders and whose public identities are
configured in relationship to more than one nation- state.

8. It is the term used to describe a gradual increase

in the average temperature the Earth's atmosphere and its
oceans.

9. It refers to a process of sustainable and

permanent adjustment to climate change.

10. It refers to migration of an individual from

one nation state to another but participate
simultaneously regarding social relations.

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II. Classify the following concepts. Write X if it is a factor of Transnational Migration
and Y if Climate Change. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.

1. Overpopulation 6. Low wage level

2. Ocean Acidification 7. Extreme weather
3. Loss of habitats 8. Underemployment
4. Unemployment 9. Poverty
5. Rise of sea levels, 10. Greenhouse effect

New Challenges to Human Adaptation

Lesson and Social Change

Activity 1.1

DIRECTIONS: Fill in the chart before, during, and after you study this lesson.

K (What I Know) W (What I want to L (What I have

Know) Learned)

S (What I Still Want TO Know)

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 What’s In

In the previous module, you have gained understanding of sources of social,

cultural, and political change. With this knowledge, you will have a full grasp of why
societies change, and what are the coping mechanisms of humanities in order to
respond to the fast-changing society. Also, it is important to note that you as a member
of society are able to prepare yourself to cope up to those changes because coping
mechanism are based on societal/individual identities.

What’s New

I. Global Warming
Global Warming

When carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants and greenhouse gases
build up in the atmosphere, they absorb sunlight and solar energy that has bounced
off the earth's surface, resulting in global warming. Normally, this radiation would
escape into space, but these pollutants, which may linger in the atmosphere for years
to centuries, trap the heat and cause the planet to become hotter. The greenhouse
effect is the result of this.
The term "global warming" refers to a gradual rise in the average temperature
of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, a phenomenon that is thought to be irreversibly
altering the Earth's climate.
It has now become a major issue for the entire environment. It is mostly caused by the
greenhouse effect.

Effects of global warming:

 Temperature rises on average

 Seasonal changes
 Severity of harsh weather events.
 Water and food shortages,
 Increased health risks,
 Coastal inundation,
 Increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and hurricanes are all factors to
consider.

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 As the earth's temperature rises, a huge amount of ice melts, causing a large
volume of water to flow into the ocean, raising the sea level.

Since ice caps and glaciers have begun to melt, species that reside in such
habitats have begun to relocate, potentially leading to extinction due to habitat loss.
Because of the vast volume of water evaporated into the air as the sea level rises, high
levels of precipitation will occur, and the earth will suffer intense rains or storms.
Carbonic acid is created when carbon dioxide dissolves in sea water, acidifying
the ocean as indicated by a pH shift.
Furthermore, animals produce a lot of methane. Some fertilizers also produce
nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to the rise in global temperatures.
The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which radiation from the earth's
atmosphere warms its surface to a temperature higher than it would be without it.
Greenhouse gases are to blame.
Everything happens in a series of events. One effect can lead to the occurrence
of another. A lot can happen to our ecosystem if we use these. Human limitations can
be pushed by a variety of factors. It would put our health, surroundings, and physical
capabilities to the test.

II. Climate Change

Climate change has arisen as a result of global warming. These terms are
sometimes used interchangeably, but they are distinct. Changes in weather patterns
and growing seasons all around the world are referred to as climate change. It also
refers to the rise in sea level caused by warmer oceans expanding and melting ice
sheets and glaciers. Climate change is a result of global warming, and it poses a severe
threat to human life on the planet in the form of widespread flooding and catastrophic
weather.
Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, was
one of the most intense tropical storms ever recorded and was caused in part by
climate change.
Haiyan wreaked havoc on Southeast Asia, notably the Philippines, when it made
landfall. It is the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history, with at least 6,300 people
killed in the country alone. Haiyan is tied with Meranti for the strongest landfalling
tropical cyclone on record, according to JTWC estimates of 1-minute sustained winds.
Bodies were still being discovered in January 2014. The typhoon Yolanda
phenomenon is one of the many difficult issues that threatened to devastate Philippine
civilization and the rest of the world. It had an impact on the Filipinos' physiological,
emotional, and mental well-being, as well as the world community's charity in times of
need, regardless of political allegiances.
Yolanda was said to have been caused by global warming and climate change.
The issue is that most of us are aware that climate change will have a significant
impact on our society, but we do not fully comprehend the phenomenon.

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 Climate change is characterized by irregular changes in the world's weather
system, as evidenced by the following indicators: rising sea levels, habitat destruction,
Ocean acidification, extreme weather.
These occurrences in various parts of the globe have an impact on all people on
the planet. All attempts to understanding and predicting the possible implications of
climate change are dominated by uncertainty. Climate change, on the other hand, will
have an impact on every area of society, the environment, and the economy. Human
behavior, livelihoods, infrastructure, laws and regulations, and institutions are all
likely to be impacted.

III. Adaptation
Adaptation to Climate Change

Ways to adapt the situation of global warming.

❏ Practice conservation of natural resources

Air, water, soil, minerals, plants, and animals are all natural resources on the
planet. Conservation is taking care of these resources so that all living beings
can benefit from them now and in the future.

❏ Reduce pollution and waste

1. For on-the-go refreshments, use a reusable bottle or cup.
Bringing your own water with you reduces the likelihood of buying more
expensive beverages on the go. This will get rid of the single-use containers that
they come in.
2. Reusable supermarket bags are useful for more than simply groceries.
You may already have a reusable grocery bag, similar to a reusable water bottle,
but it is sometimes forgotten at home.
3. Make prudent purchases and recycle what you can.
You may limit the amount of garbage you make by selecting products that have
less wrapping or come in recyclable packaging.
4. It should be composted!
Compost and use your fruit and vegetable waste, egg shells, coffee grounds,
grass clippings, and leaves in your plant.

❏ Reuse water
Collecting part of the water you use in the shower is the simplest way to start
reusing water at home. A simple bucket would suffice; simply place it beneath
the stream while waiting for the water to warm up, then move it in front of you
once you've jumped in. The water can then be used to flush the toilet or irrigate
your garden.
❏ Recycle products
Newspapers, magazines, mixed paper, cardboard, tin cans, aluminum cans, glass
jars, and plastic containers are examples of products that can contain recycled
material.

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 ❏ Conserve energy
The efforts to reduce energy consumption by utilizing less of an energy service
is known as energy conservation. This can be accomplished by either using
energy more efficiently (using less energy for a consistent service) or lowering the
amount of service provided (for example, by driving less).

Global Responses
Adaptation is a long-term process of making lasting changes in response to
climate change, with strong policy connections to economic development, poverty
reduction, and disaster management measures. At the international, national, regional,
municipal, and community levels, successful adaptation programs will include long-
term thinking and consideration of climate change implications. Climate change
vulnerabilities, relevant technologies, capability, and local coping strategies, as well as
government policies and actions, must all be considered in adaptation planning.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that unavoidable
climate change impacts exceed present coping capability, necessitating the
implementation of adaptation measures by societies and ecosystems.
The IPCC defines adaptation as "adjustment of natural or human systems to
existing or anticipated climatic stimuli or their effects that mitigates harm or leverages
favourable opportunities." Despite the fact that there are apparent ties between
disaster risk management and adaptation, the two approaches are supported by
separate institutions, methodologies, and policy frameworks.
Adaptation has a high price cost. According to the UN Climate Change
Secretariat, developing nations will need between 28 and 67 billion dollars by 2030 to
adapt to climate change. Global adaptation funding is currently a fraction of what is
required.
Adaptation isn't a one-off problem. It will have to be factored into all future growth
plans. At the international, national, regional, municipal, and community levels,
successful adaptation programs will include long-term thinking and consideration of
climate change implications.
To deal with uncertainty, adaptation methods must be robust against a variety
of potential climatic outcomes. It will also necessitate significant investment,
notwithstanding the necessity to address cost estimation challenges. Reducing poorer
countries' vulnerability to climate change and ensuring that development assistance
does not lead to maladaptation.
Citizen engagement and awareness are required to maintain and prioritize
climate change actions. We change, grow, adapt, and possibly even learn and grow
smarter as humans. As the international body in charge of developing policy frameworks
to ensure a multifaceted approach to climate change, you, as a member of society, may
play a role.

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IV. Transnational Migration and Overseas Filipino Worker
Transnational migration occurs when people move from one country to another
while maintaining their social ties. It's a global phenomenon that's only becoming
bigger in terms of scope, complexity, and influence. Migration is a source and result of
larger development processes, as well as a fundamental component of our globalizing
world.
Trans-migrants are immigrants whose everyday lives are reliant on many and
continuous interconnections across international borders, and whose public identities
are shaped by multiple nation-states.

Factors of Transnational Migration

 Overpopulation
 Poverty
 Underemployment,
 Unemployment, and
 Low wage level
People flee to neighboring nations as a result of overpopulation. These people
relocate to other countries because they believe their current home no longer has
adequate space for them. Migrants seeking new homes are more likely to be found in
countries with high population growth and density.
They leave their home nation for a variety of reasons, including economic. They
migrate to other nations in pursuit of better economic opportunities for their families.
These people are motivated by a desire to profit. They send the money to their relatives
in their home country.

Advantages of Transnational Migration

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), are a well-known example of transnational
migration. According to the 2011 Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (POEA)
report, the Philippines has 10, 455, 788 million OFWs spread throughout 236
countries and territories, making it one of the top three labor-sending countries in the
world, after India and China. Remittances made for 12.65 percent of the Philippines'
gross domestic product in 2012. (GDP). According to the National Statistics Office-
Survey of Filipinos [NSO-SOF] (2011), OFWs transferred a large amount of these
remittances in cash to the family they left behind to help them alleviate household
financial restrictions, send their children to school, and immigrate.
With these figures, OFW remittances are hailed, since they provide the country
with greater economic benefits; nonetheless, there has been much conjecture about
the costs of migration within Philippine society.
In an unusual turn of events, the Philippines has become so successful as a labor
exporter that it has neglected to establish and deepen development processes. The
goal of sending a million workers per year indicates that migration will play a
significant role in the country's long-term development plans and prospects.

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 Labor migration from the Philippines is expected to continue even if the
government does not intervene, given to the growth of social networks, social capital,
and social remittances.
Filipino society has changed into a migration-savvy society, capable of responding
to and adapting to the shifting demands of the global labor market. Although it is agreed
that labor migration has benefited migrants and their families, the economic benefits
beyond the family are less visible. While remittances are considered to have boosted the
country's economy, their development effects have yet to be felt.
Filipinos' educational and professional objectives were integrated into their
perceptions of the international labor market. Individuals make choices based on their
ideas of what is best for them. However, these choices can have a long-term impact on
communities and the country.

Disadvantages of Transnational Migration

 Include anxiety about destabilizing impacts of migrations and families.

 Delegation of responsibility to grandparents / nannies to care for their children.
 Apprehensions about materialism, etc.

While the Philippines' governments cannot prevent individuals from leaving, they can
play an important role in tackling the physical, social, and cultural issues that
transnational migration brings. Housing, social groups, and pre-departure orientation
courses are all examples of how they assist migrants in addressing their concerns and
resolving difficulties such as xenophobia and other human rights violations. They'll
have to figure out how to use migration as a tool for development. International talks
and reflections on migration and development going place in other nations might
teach the Philippines a lot.

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 What is It

Activity 1.2. Make a Fishbone diagram that shows cause and effect of climate
change.

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 What’s More

Activity 1.3 Build an Argument of Transnational Migration highlighting its

advantages and disadvantages.

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 What I Have Learned

DIRECTIONS : Use this graphic organizer to help you summarize what you have
learned in this module.

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 What I Can Do

What can you personally contribute to educate the members of your community about
the issue of climate change? Develop a community-based plan of action highlighting
the following:

● Subjects/program
● Main Ideas
● Your Audience/participants
● Your primary role
● Your presentation/strategies

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 Assessment

I. Multiple Choice:
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. It refers to the erratic change of weather system in the world.

A. Climate change C. Adaptation
B. Global warming D. Transmigrants

2. The following are indicators of climate change except;

A. Rise of sea levels C. Extreme weather
B. Loss of habitats D. Overpopulation

3. It is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature

the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans.
A. Transnational migration C. Adaptation
B. Global warming D. Transmigrants

4. The following are aspects of society affected by climate change except

A. Human behavior C. social services
B. Livelihoods D. Laws and policies

5. It refers to a process of sustainable and permanent adjustment to climate

change.
A. Climate change C. Adaptation
B. Transnational migration D. Transmigrants

6. Adaptation involves a process of sustainable and permanent adjustment to

climate change and has clear policy links to the following except
A. Economic development C. Social services
B. Poverty reduction, D. disaster management strategies

7. The following are factors for transnational migration except;

A. Overpopulation C. Unemployment
B. Poverty D. Housing Services

8. It refers to migration of an individual from one nation state to another

but participate simultaneously regarding social relations.
A. Climate change C. Transnational migration
B. Global warming D. Transmigrants

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 9. It refers to immigrants whose daily lives depend on multiple and constant
interconnections across international borders and whose public identities
are configured in relationship to more than one nation- state.
A. Transnational migration C. Adaptation
B. Global warming D. Transmigrants

10. The primary reasons of migrations.

A. Economic C. peace and Order
B. Political persecution D. Educational opportunity

II. Matching Type (Cause and Effect)

DIRECTIONS: Identify the results of actions written in column A. write the letter of
your answer the space provided before the number.

A- B- Results
Action
a. Helps lessen the amount of CO2
1. Recycle
b. Helps minimize waste
2. Using less air conditioning c. Helps absorb carbon dioxide
d. Helps lessen carbon footprint
3. Drive less
e. Save electricity and reduce global
4. Use the off switch warming by turning off lights when
you leave a room, and using only as
5. Plant a tree much light as you need.

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Answer Key

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References

Abulencia A. S. & Padernal R. S., Social Dynamics. 2016

National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/global-
warming/#:~:text=Global%20warming%20is%20the%20long,volume%20of%20fossil%
20fuels%20burned
Schipper, E. L. F., Cigará n, M. P. and Hedger, M., 2008, 'Adaptation to Climate
Change: The New Challenge for Development in the Developing World', UNDP
Environment and Energy Group, United Nations Development Programme, New York
Sarah Longhi, Social Studies Graphic Organizers & Mini-Lessons Scholastic
Teaching Resources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan
https://prezi.com/9zty_vuj8h1e/new-challenges-to-human-adaption-and-
social-change/
https://prezi.com/-fl9v2zshrax/transnational-migration-and-ofw/
E. Lisa F. Schipper, Maria Paz Cigará n, Merylyn Hedger, 2008, Adaptation to
Climate Change: The New Challenge for Development in the Developing World, GSDRC
Applied Knowledge Services
https://www.coursehero.com/file/34440208/New-Challenges-to-human-
adaptation-and-Social-Changepptx/
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/374155773/Chapter-6-Cultural-Social-
And-Political-Changes

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education: National Capital Region

Office Address:Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City
Telefax:02- 8929-0153
E-mail Address:

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