End of chapter test

5 Measuring change:
differentiation
Section A. A calculator is not allowed

1 Differentiate the following functions:

2
a f x x3 4x 2 6x 2 b g x
x3

c h x x d i x x2 5

2 a Express lim f x 5 in a sentence.

x 2

b Write down the limit of the sequence 0.6,0.66,0.666,0.6666,

3 Differentiate the following:

5x 3
a f x b g x 5x 1 2x 1
x2 1

1 2
4 Consider the parabola y x x 4
2

dy
a Find .
dx

b Find the equation of the tangent to the curve where x = 6.

c Find the equation of the normal where x = 6 in the form

ax by c, where a, b and c are positive integers .

5 The velocity, in ms–1, of a train approaching a station is given by v t 20 4t , where t is the

time in seconds.

a What was the initial speed?

b When will the train be at rest in the station?

c What was its acceleration after 1.5secs?

6 Find the intervals for when the function f x x3 12 x 1 is increasing and decreasing.

Section B. A calculator is allowed

7 The equation parabola is f x ax 2 bx. The gradient of the tangent to the curve at point P
(1,3) is 8. Find the values of a and b.

x 2
8 a Sketch the graph of y 3.
x 2

b Write down the equations of any asymptotes.

x 2
c Find lim 3.
x x 2

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 End of chapter test

9 Consider the function f x 3x 4 4x 3 2.

a Find all turning points, and determine their nature (you should justify your answers).

b Find the coordinates and nature of any inflexion points.

c Sketch the graph of f, with 1 x 2 and 4 y 8 labelling a horizontal inflexion A,

minimum point B and a non-horizontal inflexion C.

10 x 1 10 x 2 20 x 3
10 The function f x has f x and f x
x2 x3 x4

a Find the zeros of f(x).

b Find the coordinates of the local maximum point.

c Find the intervals where f(x) is concave up.

Given f(x) has the x and y axes as asymptotes,

d Sketch the function for x 0.

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 End of chapter test

Answers
1
1 a f x 3x 2 8x 6
d u x2 5 y u2
2 3 dy dy du
b g x 2x
x3 dx du dx
6 1
g x 6 x 4 or dy 1
x4 u 2
2x
dx 2
1
1
c h x x x2 … dy
x x2 5 2
dx
1
1 x
h x x 2
or
2 x 2
5

2 a The limit of f x , as x approaches positive 2, is 4.

2
b lim un
x 3
5x 3 b g x 5x 1 2x 1
3 a f x
x2 1
Use the chain rule for v x
u 5x 3, v x2 1
u 5, v 2x Let y 2x 1

vu uv u 2x 1
f x 2
v 1
y u 2
2
x 1 5 5x 3 2x
f x 2
dy dy du
x2 1 dx du dx
1
5x 2 5 10 x 2 6x dy 1
f x u 2
2
x2 1
2
dx 2
dy 1
1
5x 2 6x 5 2x 1 2 or
f x 2
dx 2x 1
x2 1
Using the product rule:

u 5x 1 v 2x 1
1
u 5v 2x 1 2

g x uv vu

5x 1
g x 5 2x 1
2x 1
dy
4 a x 1
dx
1 2
b When x 6, y 6 6 4 8. The coordinate is 6, 8
2
When x 6, the gradient is 6 1 5

y y1 m x x1

y 8 5 x 6

y 8 5x 30
y 5x 22

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1
c When x 6, the gradient of the normal is
5
y y1 m x x1

1
y 8 x 6
5
1 6
y 8 x
5 5
1 46
y x
5 5
1 46
x y
5 5
x 5y 46
5 a Initial speed = 20 – 4(0) = 20 ms–1
b 20 4t 0,t 5
At rest after 5 seconds.
c Acceleration = V’(t) = –4ms–2
6 f x x3 12 x 1

f x 3x 2 12

f x 3(x 2 4)

f x 3 x 2 x 2

f x 0 when x 2, 2

Choosing a value just below 2 such as 2.1

2
f 2.1 3 2.1 12 1.23

Choosing a value between 2 and 2 such as 0 ,

2
f 0 3 0 12 12

Choosing a value just above 2 such as 2.1

2
f 2.1 3 2.1 12 1.23

x x 2 2 x 2 x 2
Sign of f’(x)
f(x) increasing decreasing increasing
f x is increasing when x 2 and x 2

f x is decreasing when 2 x 2

7 Where x = 1 and y = 3, 3 = a + b,
f x 2ax b

8 2a b
Solving simultaneously,
a 5 and q 2

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 End of chapter test

8 a

b x 2, y 4

x 2
c lim 3 4
x x 2

9 a f x 12 x 3 12 x 2 12 x 2 x 1

f x 0, when x 0, 1.

When x 0

f x 36 x 2 24 x
2
f 0 36 0 24 0 0
4 3
The y value is f 0 3 0 4 0 2 2.

Horizontal inflexion point at 0, 2

When x 1
2
f 1 36 1 24 1 12
4 3
The y value is f 1 3 1 4 1 2 3.

Minimum point at (1, –3).

b f x 0 at an inflexion point.

2
f x 36 x 2 24 x 12 x 3x 2 0 when x 0,
3
4 3
2 2 2 70
f 3 4 2 or 2.59 .
3 3 3 27

2
There is a non-horizontal point of inflexion at ,2.59 .
3

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 End of chapter test

10 a 10 x 1 0 when x 1.

b Maximum point where f x 0 , –10(x – 2) = 0, x = 2

It is a maximum point when

f x 0
20 2 3 5
f 2 4
2 4
10 2 1
The y value is f 2 2.5 .
22

The local maximum point is 2,2.5 .

c f x is concave up where f x 0

20 x 3 0, x 3

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