CLASS X CHEMISTRY Solution-988010
CLASS X CHEMISTRY Solution-988010
CLASS X CHEMISTRY Solution-988010
Class 10 - Science
1. When an iron metal is attacked by substances around it such as moisture, acids, etc it is said to be rust and this process is called
rusting. Every year an enormous amount of money is spent to replace damaged iron. To prevent iron form damage, we apply
paint. Paint acts as antioxidant and saves iron articles from damage due to rusting. It acts as buffer between iron article and moist
air.
2. BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl(aq)
3. The substance (atom, ion or molecule) that gains electrons and is thereby reduced to a low valency state is called an oxidising
agent, while the substance that loses electrons and is thereby oxidised to a higher valency state is called a reducing agent.
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Oxidizing agent : Cl2
Reducing agent : Na
4. CuSO4 + 2NH4OH → Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
5. Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its
compound. Both metals and non-metals take part in displacement reactions.
Example : Reaction of iron nails with copper sulphate solution.
Mg(s) + CuSO4(aq) →
MgSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
heat
6. (i) M gC O 3 −−→ M gO + C O2
light
electricity
(iii) 2N aC l −−−−−→ 2N a + C l 2
13. (ii) and (iii) are exothermic as heat is released in these changes, (i) and (iv) are endothermic as heat is absorbed in these changes
14. Corrosion of iron is called rust.
15. Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) releases energy and heat as its by-products which cannot be converted back to the
original reactant. The chemical composition of LPG has changed. Hence, it is a chemical reaction.
16. The substance (atom, ion or molecule) that gains electrons and is thereby reduced to a low valency state is called an oxidising
agent, while the substance that loses electrons and is thereby oxidised to a higher valency state is called a reducing agent.
Zn + CuSO4 →
ZnSO4 + Cu
Oxidizing agent : CuSO4
Reducing agent : Zn
17. Digestion of food involves physical, chemical and enzymatic breakdown of food into simpler forms. The reaction can be
categorized as decomposition reaction. It is brought about in our body by various chemical secretion, enzymes and physical
muscular breaking down by the gut wall.
18. The sum of atoms before reaction = the sum of atoms after reaction.
1. Na + H2O→ NaOH + H
2. Ba3N2 + 6 H2O → 3 Ba(OH)2 + 2 NH3
3. 2Mg (s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
19. The process of curdling of milk takes place due to bacteria. It is an irreversible reaction in which the composition of milk is
changed and hence, a chemical change.
1/4
AKR ACADEMY SCHOOL (CBSE)- AVINASHI
20. Double displacement reactions are also known as precipitation reactions because the end product contains a precipitate alongwith
another product in its aquous solution.
e.g. BaCI2(aq) + PbSO4(aq) ⟶ BaSO4 (ppt) + PbCI2(aq)
21. Barium chloride + Aluminum sulfate →
Aluminum chloride + Barium sulfate.
3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4.
22. The reaction representing a chemical change is called a chemical reaction. Only a rearrangement of atoms takes place in a
chemical reaction.
23. The balanced chemical eqaution is NaHCO3 + HCl ⟶ NaCl + H2O + CO2
24. The substance (atom, ion or molecule) that gains electrons and is thereby reduced to a low valency state is called an oxidising
agent, while the substance that loses electrons and is thereby oxidised to a higher valency state is called a reducing agent.
H2 + Br2 →
2HBr
Oxidizing agent : Br2
Reducing agent : H2
25. Carbon monoxide is the reducing agent because it removes oxygen from Fe2O3 and causes its reduction and itself gets oxidised.
26. The corrosion of iron can be prevented by painting or oiling, galvanizing and electroplating.
27. In the given reaction, water is the oxidizing agent and Fe is the reducing agent.
28. Zinc carbonate → Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide.
ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2
29. Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride and water.
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
30. The substance (atom, ion or molecule) that gains electrons and is thereby reduced to a low valency state is called an oxidising
agent, while the substance that loses electrons and is thereby oxidised to a higher valency state is called a reducing agent.
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Oxidizing agent : CuO
Reducing agent : H2
31. When copper powder is heated in the presence of air,a black coating of copper oxide is formed.
2C u(s) + O2 (g) → 2C uO(s)
32. Reactions in which atoms or ions move from one compound to other to form new compound are known as Displacement reaction.
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Zinc reacts with sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen this is displacement reaction.
33. In the given reaction, MnO2 is the oxidising agent
34. Photo-decomposition of silver chloride is utilised in photography.
35. Reactions in which two or more reactants combine to form one product are called combination reaction .
A general combination reaction can be represented by the chemical equation given here.
A + B → AB
Hold a piece of clean Mg wire with a pair of tongs and heat it over a Bunsen flame. It is seen that the wire burns with a dazzling
light and forms a white powder. The white powder is MgO .
2Mg + O2 →2MgO
36. Those reactions in which energy is absorbed are called endothermic reactions.
N2 + O2 → 2N O − Heat (180.5kJ )
37.
2N aOH(aq) + H2 SO4 (aq) ⟶ N a2 SO4 (aq) + 2H2 O(l)
Sodium hydroxide Sulphuric acid Sodium sulphare W ater
38. Calcium oxide is called quicklime, while calcium hydroxide is called slaked lime.
39. 2Na + 2C2H5OH ⟶ 2C2H5ONa + H2
This reaction is known as the displacement reaction in which sodium removes hydrogen from ethanol to produce sodium ethoxide.
40. The brown coloured element 'X' is copper (Cu). On heating in air it forms copper oxide, which is black in colour.
Heat
2C u + O2 −−−→ 2C uO
Copper Oxygen Copperoxide
(Brown) (Black)
41. An oxidizing agent in a reaction oxidizes the substance either by removing hydrogen or giving oxygen.
2/4
AKR ACADEMY SCHOOL (CBSE)- AVINASHI
42. In this equation, oxygen should be in molecular form (O2) as oxygen exists as a bimolecular gas O2.
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
43. i. 2NaOH + H2SO4 ⟶ Na2SO4 + 2H2O
ii. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ⟶ CaCO3 + H2O
44. Hydrogen gas is evolved.
45. NH3 is the reducing agent as it gets oxidized to NO by the removal of hydrogen and the addition of oxygen. O2 has been reduced
to H2O by the addition of H.
46. Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction because sunlight energy is absorbed during the process of photosynthesis by green
plants.
6CO2(g) + 12H2O(l) → C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) + 6H2O(l)
47. Every year tonnes of iron get wasted due to its corrosion and formation of rust.
48. i. Painting
ii. Electroplating
49. i. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ⟶ CaCO3 + H2O
ii. 2Al + 3CuCl2 ⟶ 2AlCl3 + 3Cu
50. H2 is the reducing agent as it gets oxidized to water by the addition of oxygen. O2 has been reduced to water by the addition of
hydrogen.
51. The reactions in which gain of oxygen takes place are called oxidation reaction. Examples -
1. 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
2. 2H2 + O2→ 2H2O
52. Magnesium ribbon has a coating of 'basic magnesium carbonate' and 'magnesium oxide' on its surface which is formed by the
slow action of moist air on it.
So, before burning in air, Mg ribbon is cleaned by rubbing with a sand paper to remove the protective layer of these oxides.
53. Corrosion of iron is serious problem because it causes a large damage to iron and money.
54. Reactions in which two or more reactants combine to form one product are called combination reaction.
Hydrogen burns in oxygen to form water.
hydrogen + oxygen → water
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Hydrogen burns in oxygen in air to form water, it is a combination reaction.
55. Pb(CH3COO)2 + 2HCl ⟶ PbCl2 + CH3COOH
This is a double displacement reaction as both the reactants exchange ions to form new products.
56. Petrol just changes its state from the liquid form to the gaseous form because of the presence of energy in the form of heat. A
change of state is a reversible reaction and hence, this is a Physical change.
57. (i) The precipitate is yellow in colour and the compound is lead (II) Iodide (PbI2).
(ii) P b(N O 3 )2 (aq) + 2K I (aq) → P bI2 (s) + 2K N O3 (aq)
62. In the given reaction, cupric oxide (CuO) acts as an oxidizing agent as it oxidizes hydrogen (H2) to form water (H2O) and copper
(Cu).
63. Aluminium + Copper chloride →
Aluminium chloride + Copper.
2Al + 3CuCl2 →
2 AlCl3 + 3Cu
3/4
AKR ACADEMY SCHOOL (CBSE)- AVINASHI
64. When copper is mixed in silver nitrate solution, it displaces the silver because copper is more reactive than silver, and an inorganic
compound"Copper(II) nitrate", Cu(NO₃)₂, is formed.
Cu + 2AgNO3 →Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
65. In the given reaction, Pb3O4 is the oxidant agent.
66. Zinc + Silver nitrate →
Zinc nitrate + Silver
Zn + 2Ag (NO)3 → Zn (NO3)2 + 2Ag.
67. No, double displacement reaction takes place only when there is a formation of a slightly soluble salt.
68. The breaking and making of bonds in chemical reaction is called as Chemical Bonding.
69. 2KCIO3 (s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2 (g)
70. The substance which gives oxygen or removes hydrogen for oxidation is called an oxidising agent.
eg. CuO + H2 à Cu + H2O
Copper oxide is giving oxygen for the oxidation of hydrogen, so it is called an oxidising agent.
71. Grapes when attached to the plants are living and therefore their own immune system prevents fermentation. The microbes can
grow in the plucked grapes and under anaerobic conditions these can be fermented.This is a chemical change.
72. Rusting of iron is a chemical change because a new substance iron oxide is formed in this process.
73. Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
H2 + C l2 → 2HC l
75. When magnesium ribbon burns in air, it combines with the oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
2Mg(s) + O2(g) ⟶ 2MgO(s)
4/4
AKR ACADEMY SCHOOL (CBSE)- AVINASHI