Introduction of Philosophy of Human Person 1. Metaphysics derived from the Greek word c.

Applied ethics attempts to apply theories to

metaphysika (beyond Physics), is the branch of situations in real life.
Humans, by nature, have a strong sense of inquiry.
philosophy that deals with the examination of
They inquire and investigate all the phenomena of The Holistic Perspective and Partial Point of
existence (Landauer and Rowlands 2001,
human experience. They never cease to ask View
para.1). It answers queries like “What is the
questions.
meaning of life? What is the purpose of life? How is holistic different from partial thinking.
Etymological Meaning of Philosophy Does God exist?”. The interrelationship among things was first
conceived by Aristotle. It can be best
- Came from the Greek word philos (love) and 2. Epistemology derived from the Greek word
summarized by the line, “The whole is more
sophia (wisdom). Thus, Philosophy is episteme (knowledge) and logos (to study),
than the sum of its parts.” This means that all
defined as the love of wisdom. studies the process of attaining knowledge. It
parts are all related to each other and that it
answers the question, ‘How do we know?”.
Technical Definition cannot be understood independently without
Among the biggest concerns of epistemology are
considering the other factors (Gallinero and
the origin and the verification or the
- Philosophy can be best defined as the Estaris 2017, 25). This view of taking all things as
confirmation of knowledge. (Landauer and
science of the first causes (Maritain, 2005). part of a system is espoused in the philosophical
Rowlands 2001, para. 1).
It seeks to know and clarify the very source doctrine of Holism.
of which all the chain of causes ultimately Domains of Epistemology:
all go back to it. Adhering to the doctrine of Holism, holistic thinking
- Philosophy is also a science since it a. Rationalism views reason as the chief advocates looking at the “biga
utilizes reason and logic in an sources of knowledge. picture” when analyzing a situation or problem. This
b. Empiricism asserts that all of a person’s would require one to be open-minded to
attempt to understand reality and answer
knowledge comes from his/heru five get the general sense or impression regarding an
fundamental questions concerning
senses. event. In this regard, therefore, all aspects
knowledge, life, morality, and human in a given situation must be considered. On the
nature. contrary, partial thinking adheres focusing on
3. Ethics is a branch of philosophy dealing with
correct judgment. It answers the question, one factor in analyzing a situation or a problem to
According to several accounts and testimonies,
“What I ought to do?” It is the study of right or understand it. This kind of view is very
the discovery of philosophy may be attributed to
wrong in human actions (Landauer and limiting in nature.
Pythagoras of Samos who was the first to use Adhering to the doctrine of Holism, holistic
the term “Philosopher”. Rowlands 2001, para. 1). It is concerned about
thinking advocates looking at the “big picture”
human conduct. It deals with norms or
Nature and Functions of Philosophy when analyzing a situation or problem. This
standards of right and wrong applicable to
would require one to be open-minded to get
human behavior.
1. Philosophy integrates itself with other the general sense or impression regarding an
disciplines to achieve a comprehensive and Domains of Ethics: event. In this regard, therefore, all aspects in a
coherent world view. given situation must be considered. On the
2. Philosophy analyzes the very foundations of a. Metaethics deals with the origin and contrary, partial thinking adheres to focusing
other disciplines. meaning of ethical concepts. on one factor in analyzing a situation or a
3. Philosophy analyzes and criticizes treasured b. Normative ethics is the part of moral problem to understand lit. This kind of view is
beliefs and traditions. philosophy concerned with the setting of very limiting in nature.
certain standards of what is morally right
Core Branches of Philosophy and morally wrong. Development of Philosophy
1. Pre-Socratic Philosophy forms existing elsewhere, which is also
10 Demonstrate conscious and thoughtful
a. The Lonians known as Platonic Realism.
understanding of the topic. The
- The birthplace of Philosophy is believed to c. Aristotle was more of an empiricist and thought is well organized and clear. The
be in Miletus, a province of lonia which is a was known for criticizing Plato’s theory and reflection is passed on time.
Greek colony in Asia Minor. Forms. He was also known as “The Father
- Preo-lonian philosophy explained nature of Logic” as he was the first to formalize 7 Demonstrate a thoughtful
and origin of the physical world through logic. He contended that the validity of understanding of the topic. The
myths and gods, while the lonians one’s judgement could be determined, not thought is organized and somehow
established a more naturalistic explanation necessarily by its content, but by its clear. The reflection is passed on time.
on the origin of things. structure. He called this argument
5 Demonstrate little to no understanding
- Thales of Miletus, the first Philosopher, syllogism. He popularized the doctrine of
of the topic. The organization of
contended that the cosmos (universe) was the golden mean or a life of moderation.
thought needs improvement. The
made up of water. - He also introduced Nicomachean Ethics, reflection is passed on time or late.
- Anaximander believed that the first by which he laid down certain code of
principle of things was apeiron or infinite conduct anchored on a person’s strong
and limitless. sense of conviction on what was supposed
- Anaximenes believed that air was the first to be good living. Learning Log.
principle of things.
Have you encountered a disagreement with another
- Heractilus believed that fire was the first Assessment:
person because you don’t have the same opinion as
principle and everything was in a constant
Instruction: Formulate a philosophical them? How did you feel and how did you resolve the
flux and becoming was the only thing that disagreement?
reflection based on the given current issue
remained constant.
in the society. The reflection must be in a
holistic perspective.
2. Classical Philosophy
Philosophy took its greatest flight during the Situation/ Social Issue:
time of the three great Greek triumvirates,
namely Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The birth rate in our country is declining.
a. Socrates focuses more on the cultivation According to Philippine statistics the current birth
of the soul. He introduced a system of rate for the Philippines in 2023 is 19.579 births per
1000 people, a 1.01% decline from 2022.
critical thinking and reasoning to draw the
- The birth rate for the Philippines in 2022
line between right and wrong, between
was 19.778 births per 1000 people, a 1%
mora and evil. decline from 2021.
b. Plato was Socrates’ best student and - The birth rate for the Philippines in 2021
perhaps the most influential philosopher of was 19.978 births per 1000 people, a 0.99%
all time. His philosophy was highlighted by decline from 2020.
his claim of the existence of the greater
realm of reality apart from the humans’ Rubrics:
own physical world, making him contend
that the world perceived by the senses Rating Description
Scale
were mere representations of pure ideal