THE MAJOR PRACTICE AT PHILIPPINE CARABAO CENTER,

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE

CITY OF MUNOZ, NUEVA ECIJA

MIKE ANDREW M. BAUTISTA

An Undergraduate Major Practice Outline Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of
Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University

Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

(Major in Agricultural Extension)

December 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

MAJOR PRACTICE OUTLINE

Major Practice Student: MIKE ANDREW M. BAUTISTA

Major: AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION EDUCATION

For the Degree: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE

TITLE: MAJOR PRACTICE AT PHILIPPINE CARABAO CENTER,

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY, SCIENCE CITY OF
MUNOZ, NUEVA ECIJA

Approved:

ERWIN M. VALIENTE, MSc __________________

Adviser Date signed

ERICKSON N. DELA CRUZ, Ph.D __________________

Center Director, PCC-CLSU Date Signed

JANET L. SATURNO, M.Sc. __________________

Department Major Practice Coordinator Date signed

MILAGROS S. DIAZ, MSc. __________________

Department Acting Head Date signed

Recorded:

JANET L. SATURNO, MSc __________________

Department Major Practice Coordinator Date signed

 INTRODUCTION

Agricultural extension services are organized commodity sector-wise by relevant

departments, authorities as well as crops and livestock research and development

institutes. The system has evolved through introduction of training and visit system,

devolution and fragmentation, integrated agricultural extension approach, and continuing

to progress. The efforts to integrate the different extension services dealing with food

production have made limited progress. Cyber agricultural extension interventions have

been gradually introduced. (Wanigasundera, Nihal Atapattu, 2019).

Farmers won't have access to the assistance and resources they need to improve

their agriculture and other lucrative practices without the agricultural extension. If the

information, connectivity, and farm families, which are extension's three main

components, are taken into account, the value of extension will be more clearly

appreciated. The extension's goal is to change the farmers' perspectives on their

challenges. Extension includes the development of rural communities themselves in

addition to material and economic accomplishments. Thus, extension workers address

concerns with rural residents, assisting them in understanding their problems and coming

up with solutions. (Khalid & Sherzad, 2019).

 With the above mentioned, the Central Luzon State University (CLSU) offers a

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, major in Agricultural Extension through. The

curriculum is designed to provide students with the information, skills, attitudes, and

values required to be an effective extension agent in the future. In preparation for the

upcoming engagement in either public or private extension systems, students are

provided the opportunity to learn and apply the ideas, principles, and methods of

agricultural extension.

In order to help undergraduate student in agricultural extension in particular to

Extension Advisory Services (EAS), the College of Agriculture through its department

(Agricultural Extension) designed activity to immerse its students to improve their

knowledge, skills and increase field competitiveness. The department of Agricultural

Extension in partnership with the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), offers training

programs as an alternative to undergraduate thesis. Moreover, it is anticipated that the

students would use their knowledge and skills that they obtained in the university into

actual practice.

The PCC through its Knowledge Management Division (KMD) working with the

Grameen Foundation in pursuing its vision to modernize and further enhance its

Extension and Advisory Services (EAS) to the customers. The consulting Services for the

Extension and Advisory Services Information System (EASIS) was launch in year 2020.

This modality consists of content delivery tools or CDTs (tutorial videos) and quick

response tools or QRT’s (inter-technicians or knowledge brokers and his DA-PCC

headquarters across the country). According to Palacpac (2020), head of PCC Knowledge

Management Division, PCC wanted to digitize the advisory services in buffalo

production using ICT tools to serve more clients and facilitate services faster.

Objectives of the Major Practice

In general, the major practice is designed to immerse student to management

practices in agricultural extension, develop student’s competencies in the process, and

promote competitiveness in the field.

In particular, the major practice is designed to enable student to:

1. Develop knowledge and skills in conducting extension projects and activities

2. Enhance knowledge and skills on various extension methods and agricultural

technologies

3. Practice and develop desirable attitudes and values in extension work

4. Identify problems met during the major practice and make recommendations to

address said problem.

Expected Outputs and Outcome

The expected outputs are the following:

1. Completion of a 240-hour major practice in agricultural extension education and

attendant requirement, the major practice report

2. Develop knowledge and skills in agricultural extension methods, techniques and

strategies

3. Develop proper work attitude and values in agricultural extension work

4. Enhanced competitiveness in agricultural extension work.

Time and Place of the Major Practice

The major practice will be carried out at the Philippine Carabao Center, Central

Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. The major practice will

b e c o n d u c t e d f r o m November 2022 to January 2023 with a total of 240-hours to

complete the requirement of the major practice program.

 REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Agricultural Extension Education

In the most recent farm bill discussion, NSAC kept up its efforts to boost

education for research, teaching, and extension on sustainable agriculture. To increase

research and extension education for sustainable and organic agriculture, public plant and

animal breeding, renewable energy and conservation, minority and beginning farmer

outreach and development, agricultural and rural entrepreneurship, food systems and

public health, significant gains were made in the 2008 Farm Bill and protected in the

2014 Farm Bill. Despite the progress, there is still much to be done to guarantee that

farmers have the knowledge and information they need to put their sustainable agriculture

systems into practice and maximize them, as well as to safeguard these programs going

forward (National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, 2019).

Agricultural Extension Workers

In the Core Competency Handbook written by Kaplowitz, M. and Suvedi, M.

(2016), they asserted that the emphasis of agricultural extension and advising services is
shifting from technology transfer to facilitating a variety of interventions in complex

environments. Extension is no longer primarily a channel for discoveries coming from

research and disseminating them to farmers. The role of the linking actor in intricate

agricultural innovation systems is a problem for today's agricultural extension and

advising services. As the role of extension in agricultural development changes

constantly, front-line employees must have skill sets that may not be the same as those

they learned in school.

Professionals working in extension must have compassion for the populations

they serve and a grasp of the communities in which they operate. They must be

knowledgeable about the ideas of adult education. In addition to having solid technical

expertise, they should be competent in participatory planning, implementation, and

assessment methods and procedures. The ability to communicate effectively is essential

in every element of their profession. This manual makes an effort to offer some methods

and tools that can aid front-line extension employees in carrying out their vital duties

(Kaplowitz and Suvedi, 2016).

It is also indicated in the handbook that for rural areas, agricultural extension

often offers research-based educational and informative activities. Historically,

agricultural extension helped farmers by providing them with instructional resources

aimed at enhancing farming practices, boosting productivity and revenue, and raising

standards of life. However, with a wide range of programs designed to assist recipients

live better lives, extension increasingly serves both the rural and urban communities. The
goal of extension is to help people to help themselves through educational methods to

better their standard of existence (Maunder in, 1972).

Agricultural extension's definition has evolved along with its goals and models or

methods of operation. According to Christoplos, (2010), agricultural extension is a

system that makes it easier for farmers or their organizations to access new knowledge,

information, and technologies and fosters interaction with research, education,

agribusiness, and other pertinent institutions to help them develop their own technical,

organizational, and management skills and practices.

Agricultural Extension in the Philippines

In Vizcarra, E. Z. (2020)’s article, the idea of the "new extensionist" affirms a

new vision for agricultural innovation system (AIS) extension and advisory services

(EAS) and emphasizes the need for new capacities for EAS to effectively address

contemporary difficulties in agricultural development. The Global Forum for Rural

Advisory Services (GFRAS) recommended curriculum and learning material reform to

better balance the training of extension specialists between technical and functional

competences as well as the strengthening of EAS capacity at the individual,

organizational, and system levels. The Career Development and Management Division

(CDMD) of the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) has established initiatives to

harmonize and standardize its training programs in order to further improve the abilities
of AEWs in line with the recognized "new extensionist" competencies in response to this

demand.

The local government units (LGUs) want to train their extension workers who

would cascade their knowledge to the farmers, so it is high time for the ATI to design

new training programs. Because of this, our national standards ought to be of the highest

caliber (Aton,2020).

Vizcarra, E. Z. (2020) added that the project is a part of ongoing attempts to

create a curriculum that would allow the Institute to categorize and provide training

programs based on the food value chain and the "new extensionist" idea proposed by

GFRAS. This is in support of the ATI's role in enhancing the capabilities of the state

universities and colleges, local government units (LGUs), private sector, and national

government agencies that make up the National Extension System.

The new extensionist competencies that have been identified include the capacity

to define the AIS framework and their role within the system, choose appropriate

approaches and tools for a particular context, manage extension programs, apply values

and good principles in the profession, practice and implement adult learning programs,

and do all of the aforementioned (Vizcarra, 2020).

Furthermore, she stated that basic knowledge management, facilitation for

development, community mobilization, farmer organizational development, value chain

extension, agricultural entrepreneurship, gender-sensitive techniques, risk reduction, and

adaptation are other skills that a new extensionist should possess. Vizcarra (2022)

emphasized the significance of reevaluating training and development programs in order

to professionalize extension work in the Philippines, where there are approximately

11,280 AEWs working in LGUs alone. She also discussed the urgent need to coordinate

and standardize the extension workers' capability- building initiatives, many of which are

duplicating one another.

Role of Agricultural Extension in the Philippine Carabao Center

The carabao is a plentiful resource that has historically been connected to the

majority of the nation's small farmers and the economically disadvantaged however,

farmers have fewer access to other economic options, and there are relatively few people

who own land in this sector. One example of an agricultural extension is the carabao

development program with the goal of increasing the productivity of carabaos as sources

of milk and meat, which will both directly speed up the nutritional improvement of this

sector and offer opportunities to farmers to increase their farm revenues. The program's

main components include group strengthening through community organization, training

family members, especially women, on how to properly utilize this existing resource,

giving them access to better technologies and other production-enhancing items, and

training them on its respective usage guidelines (DA|PCC, 2020).

 It is stated in the Department of Agriculture’s website that Philippine Carabao

Centers' Agricultural Extension Program encourages small-holder farmers in the target

communities to work together while also giving them the chance to benefit from the

strength of collective action. As PCC encourages the formation of community groups and

cooperatives that are intended to develop into independent and effective channels for

supporting carabao-based businesses, community organization sustains collective action

and empowers individuals. Cooperatives allow smallholder farmers to forge powerful

ways to scale up their operations to levels only seen among commercial growers.

Consolidation, grading, processing, and trading of produce can make it more competitive

on the commercial market, whether it takes the form of milk, meat, or breeding animals.

Farmers receive specialized finance to help businesses based on carabaos, primarily by

giving them access to top breeding animals.

Activities aimed at increasing capacity and capability are crucial so the training

assistance initiatives of the PCC aim to improve the attitudes of farmers and technicians

in a positive way by fostering the development of skills, knowledge, and information

exchange. All interventions or processes pertinent are focused at these actors because

they act as the main stakeholders who provide these processes and interventions context

and meaning (DA|PCC, 2019.).

It is the PCC's duty to offer the necessary tools, methods, and services, including

the latest technological advancements, to increase animal output. There is a focus on

animal hygiene and health, food management and nutrition, animal reproduction and
breeding, as well as collaborative management initiatives. The PCC departs from the

conventional "Training and Visit" method to extension, which involves ongoing expenses

on the side of the project proponents, by fostering the creation of village-based

technicians. Instead, the PCC assists the aforementioned technicians in building their

capacity to become "professional" extension agents, whose services the farmers willfully

use, even at a cost. The aforementioned tactic also aids in reducing the dole-out mentality

syndrome, which is still rampant in many rural farming communities. The basis for the

capability building program's operations is timeliness, dependability, flexibility, and

relevance to the clientele's needs. In order to achieve this, the PCC partners are

guaranteed of having successful people and forward-thinking communities founded on

carabaos (DA|PCC,2020.).

Genetic Improvement of Carabaos

The Department of Agriculture, Philippine Carabao Center has discovered the

arming pace of genetic material rate loss which increasingly threatens the genetic

biodiversity maintenance. Their efforts in conserving the current local germplasm are

matched with the careful introduction of riverine buffalo germplasm into pre- identified

population of swamp buffalos which is intended to improve the genetic potentials for

milk and meat production targets maximized benefits of this species for the immediate
and medium-term needs of the poor rural and growing human population.

Gene Pool for Swamp Buffalo

The Gene Pool for native Philippine swamp buffalo is located in the PCC at

Cagayan State University (PCC at CSU) with its farm in Piat, Cagayan. There are

currently 84 chosen native carabaos in this institutional group. Four (4) superior swamp

buffalo bulls were chosen for training as semen donors in the year 2011 through the

continuous activity of recording the growth and performance to select the best young

bulls which will take on as breeders. Two (2) of the chosen bulls were sent to Philippine

Carabao Center at Central Luzon State University’s SPL at Digdig. The satellite facility

of PCC Gene Pool for all data backlogs retrieving process has been assisted at the Isabela

State University, Echague, Isabela in 2011 (DA|PCC, n.d.).

According to the DA, PCC’s website, there are three locations where the

Philippine carabao (PCs) is naturally conserved and reproduced. The PCC at CSU is

keeping an eye on and managing two sites: Villa Rey, Piat, Cagayan; and Bangad,

Kalinga.

An "entrustment approach"—where selected native carabaos were provided to

farmer-cooperators for use in their regular farming activities—is the system used in these
locations. Additionally, the animals are raised for breeding. There are 15 chosen female

PCs and one chosen male PC in Villa Rey, compared to 25 chosen female PCs and one

chosen male PC in Bangad, Kalinga. The carabaos' growth rates and reproductive success

are routinely gathered.

Gene Pool for Riverine Buffalo

The National Gene Pool (NGP), located in the PCC National Headquarters,

Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, is an open nucleus herd of premier riverine breed

buffalos (Murrah-based) for milk production. The production of superior riverine

breeding animals is ensured through a continued introduction of the best germplasm from

throughout the world together with strict selection, testing, and evaluation. Top proven

sires are removed from the NGP in the form of semen, which is then used for a national

artificial insemination program. These sires are intended for wide-scale genetic

enhancement of existing purebred riverine herds and for upgrading local (native) animal

populations. Additionally, institutional herds exist, which act as satellite gene pools and

are cared for and managed by PCC regional centers situated throughout the world (DA|

PCC, 2020).

The DA, PCC (2020.) also indicated that the Dairy Buffalo Modules are also used

to keep purebred riverine buffalos at the farmer's holdings, and data on their performance
is continuously recorded, gathered, and assessed. The best female animals are either

added to the nucleus herd or are kept under the farmers' care to act as future sires' dams.

Intensified Upgrading of Carabaos

First generation crossbreeds resulting from the mating of Philippine carabao and

Murrah buffalo grow up to 70%–100% quicker and produce 200–300% more milk than

their native parents without suffering negative effects on draftability or fertility. Milk

output has increased as a result of backcrossing crossbreeds with purebred Murrah

indefinitely. Small-scale farming families' financial situation is anticipated to

dramatically improve because to the additional revenue brought in by this higher output.

Via the prudent use of artificial insemination (AI) and natural mating (through the PCC's

Bull Loan Program), extensive upgrading is being done to help additional families (DA|

PCC, n.d.).

The PCC's AI technologists and the Local Government Units (LGUs) mostly

handled the AI tasks in the early years of PCC operations. PCC recently launched

projects to train and empower hundreds of private, village-based AI technicians

(VBAITs), who today provide more than half of the nation's total AI output (services) in

water buffaloes. As the AI program grows in the upcoming years, more VBAITs will be

trained. Outstanding bulls for natural mating are also lent to farmer groups in regions
where AI services are not easily accessible as a complement to the AI services provided

in the villages (DA|PCC, 2020)

Nutrition Forage of Carabaos

In an online article written by Villegas, E.F. M. (2022), it was said that the

carabao is a useful animal in the field that also provides valuable food sources like milk

and meat. The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources

Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-

PCAARRD) worked with the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) on a project that aims to

improve the growth and milk production of dairy buffaloes in Nueva Ecija and in San

Agustin, Isabela, in response to the rising demand for locally sourced quality milk and

milk products in the nation. Also included in her article are the succeeding information

regarding nutrition forage of Philippine carabaos.

Sustainable Forages Cultivated at Home and a Balanced Diet

The quality of the forages supplied to the animals has an impact on the quality of

the milk produced. Forages are scarce during the dry season and plentiful during the rainy
season, depending on seasonal patterns. A total of 300 farmer adopters in Nueva Ecija

and Bulacan were involved in the production and use of homegrown forages through the

PCC initiative. 63 farmers at the National Impact Zone (NIZ) in Nueva Ecija and 30

farmers in San Agustin, Isabela established homegrown forages in a 115-hectare forage

area planted with 600,000 napier grass cuttings and 257,000 legume seedlings. This

excludes the dairy farmers who were directly involved in the project.

These locally cultivated grasses and legumes, which were developed in the

locations, could provide the dairy buffaloes' year-round need for nutritious feed.

Homegrown forages were useful for farmers in creating practical and affordable rations

in addition to being sustainable. The experiment also examined the use of homegrown

forages in complete nutrition diets (CND) for growing and lactating buffaloes. PCC

found that feeding CND to growing buffaloes boosted their average daily gain in

comparison to the control diet and increased milk production in both locations in lactating

buffaloes. This newly designed feeding method was found to be advantageous because it

was simple to use, delivered all the necessary nutrients, and was less expensive (Villegas,

2022).

Enhanced Feeds
 The PCC is lobbying for the use of additional food supplies for the dairy buffalo

in addition to fresh forages, particularly during the months when forage production is at

its lowest. In order to create a steady supply of preserved forages for feeding dairy

buffaloes, it is now working on numerous initiatives with the Philippine Council for

Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD).

Community-based silage production and commercialization is one such initiative. In

Lupao, Nueva Ecija, a group of farmers is working on an initiative to sell and advertise

silage as a wholesome feed for dairy buffaloes while also showcasing its potential as a

reliable source of revenue for farmers. The use of enriched rice straw has been treated

with urea (UTRS), another project, as a source of feed for buffaloes (Bentadan, 2015).

Encouraging Additional Adoption

The PCC advises dairy farmers to grow their own forages, use them, and

incorporate them into CND for buffaloes. They were able to persuade more than 300

farmer-adopters who are the owners of more than a thousand animals to grow their own

forages and use them. The Nueva Ecija Federation of Dairy Carabao Cooperatives at the

NIZ in Nueva Ecija and the San Agustin Dairy Cooperatives (SADACO) in San Agustin,

Isabela were two key dairy buffalo cooperatives and their federations that PCC was able

to convince to adopt the aforementioned technique. The study won second place in the
category for the Best R&D Paper at the National Symposium on Agriculture, Aquatic,

and Natural Resources Research and Development (NSAARRD) (Development

Category). The honor was presented on November 29, 2021, during the DOST-2021

PCAARRD's S&T Awards and Recognition ceremony (Villegas, 2022).

Carabao Milk Production

From the Department of Agriculture, Philippine Carabao Center’s website, it is

indicated in their articled titled “The Carabao as a Commodity” under section ‘As source

of milk’ that native carabao produce relatively little milk, hence only a few communities

milk these animals. The milk is mostly used in households for pastillas de leche and

kesong puti, two locally produced dairy products made from carabao milk. Since these

animals produce an average of 4.5 liters of milk per day, the rise in the number of

crossbreeds—resulting from a cross between the domestic carabao and the dairy buffalo

—has given farmers more chances to boost milk output. It is obvious that the amount of

milk produced by the crossbreed may satisfy domestic needs while also producing extra

for sale. Numerous towns in Regions II, III, and IV are seeing the emergence of dairy

operations based on buffalo. In these regions, a lot of farmers have formed cooperatives

to make the collection and marketing of their milk easier (DA|PCC, 2020).

Bentadan, A. P. (2015) wrote in her article “Proper animal nutrition key to

increased milk yield” that for a dairy buffalo to reach its full dairy potential, superior

genetics and effective nutrition management are required. In other words, the animal's

ability to produce a lot of milk depends just as much on its diet as it does on its genetic

makeup. Accordingly, it is essential for any dairy production enterprise to have a plentiful

source of animal feeds, such as forages, to assure a plentiful supply of milk, according to

specialists from the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC).

As the PCC continues to implement its enhanced Carabao Development Program,

the number of small-hold dairy buffalo production facilities in the nation has expanded

over time (CDP). By enhancing their breeds, the CDP seeks to maximize the native

carabaos' potential as dairy animals and give Filipino farmers a viable supplementary

source of income. Rural dairy farmers across the nation now have a larger population of

top-notch milking cows at their disposal because of the PCC's work. She added that the

urgent need to supply enough and proper food for the animals in order to assure increased

milk yields, however, presents a difficulty for the dairy farmers, who are also primarily

rice farmers, as a result of this development. One of the main issues that emerged from an

agency survey of the heads of the several dairy cooperatives in Nueva Ecija was a lack of

feed to suit the needs of the animals. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate factors of

cattle productivity that relate to feed. A different dairy forum also noticed the same

problem. It was noted that the issue is made worse by some farmers' resistance to

designate a portion of their property as pasture area. Due to this restriction, farmers are

unable to increase the size of their herd or provide enough feed for their dairy buffaloes,
which stops them from reaching their animals' optimal milking capacity and, thus, an

optimal revenue (Bentadan, 2015).

Continuing Research for Development

Bentadan, A. P. (2015) specified that the PCC is doing numerous studies to create

technology that can help dairy buffalo production's nutritional quality. A better variety of

napier grass called Pakchong is being investigated by the Animal Nutrition Unit, which is

also looking at how it may be used as feed for dairy buffaloes. The Pakchong, which was

created in Thailand, is marketed as the "super napier grass" because of its high yield and

high crude protein content. It also develops more quickly and taller than the local grass.

According to PCC authorities, the grass is being multiplied and planting supplies will be

delivered to the dairy farmers. The team is researching using bypass fat as a feed addition

to give nursing carabaos the energy they require, increasing their capacity to make more

milk. The use of feed microbes to enhance the general functioning of the rumen hence

boosting the animals' feed nutrient utilization, is another study aimed at enhancing the

milking capability of dairy buffaloes.

The PCC is constantly mindful of its mandate to use the carabao as a tool in the

improvement of the lives of local dairy producers as it moves forward with its numerous

initiatives. All its efforts are focused on supplying and establishing a sustainable means
of subsistence so as to bring about socioeconomic progress in their lives (Bentadan,

2015).
 METHODOLOGY

Major Practice Framework

The major practice framework is provided in Figure 1. Based on the logic model

posited by the WK Kellog Foundation (2004), the framework gives the field practice a

route map. It gives a description of the main practice's goals and what it will do. It

demonstrates the purpose and intended outcomes of the significant practice. It

demonstrates the logical connections between the resources, tasks, and outcomes in

respect to the objective of the field practice. Basic components of the framework include

inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT OUTCOME

Figure 1. Major practice framework
 The student, PCC, and DAE were the three sources of the inputs. The major

practice procedure and guidelines, together with the major practice coordinator and

adviser who are in charge of directing and supervising the student's field practice, are all

inputs provided by DAE. At the learning site, the PCC contributes both its personnel and

material resources. The time, talent, and effort of the student will be his inputs.

The procedure entails the steps that must be taken prior to, during, and following

the implementation of the field practice. The major practice coordinator and major will

conduct pre-deployment orientation prior to the major practice to inform students of the

field practice's goals, rules, and procedures. The activity also gave students a refresher

course on agricultural extension's methods and principles. The students will be actively

involved in the operation of the University Extension Office during the major practice.

The student will keep a journal of his extension efforts and findings. Following the major

practice, the student will write, present, and submit the final draft of their major practice

report or manuscript for approval.

 DESCRIPTION AND SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES

A day will be selected for the project manager and major adviser to conduct an

orientation for the students and to receive an orientation in respect to the overall activities

by the project and the administration before the major practice begins.

The purpose of the orientation is to acquaint the students with the project's

management techniques, policies, and organizational structures. In addition, the project

manager will give an overview of the project's requirements, experiences, and

expectations.

Inputs and Facilities Required

The PCC-CLSU will supply the following supplies for the proper management of

the carabao kept in their facility, including those required for dairy production and

processing, carabao reproduction, housing, proper manure disposal, water supplies, and

animal health.
 PROPOSED PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES

MONTHS
ACTIVITIES
AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN
Preparation of Major Practice Outline X X
Orientation of student on major practice X
Conduct of Major Practice X
 Planning and conduct of extension
X
activities:
- Technology Promotion X X
- Continuing Education X X

- Applied Communication X X
- Documentation, monitoring and
X X
evaluation
- Special Projects X
 Documentation, monitoring and
X X
evaluation of activities
 Preparation, presentation, finalization,
X
and submission of manuscript
 LITERATURES CITED

Aton, A. 2020. ATI Training Programs for AEWs Take on ‘New Extensionist’
ApproachAvailable at <https://www.sra.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/DA-
News-12-09-2020-12.pdf

Bentadan, A. 2015. Proper animal nutrition key to increased milk yield. [online]
Philippine Carabao Center. Available at: <https://www.pcc.gov.ph/proper-
animal-nutrition-key-to-increased milk-yield/> [Accessed 30 September 2022].

Kaplowitz, M. and Suvedi, M. 2016. WHAT EVERY EXTENSION WORKER

SHOULD KNOW–CORE COMPETENCY HANDBOOK –. [online]
Meas.illinois.edu. Available at: <https://meas.illinois.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2015/04/MEAS-2016-Extension-Handbook. Suvedi- Kaplowitz-
2016_02_15.pdf> [Accessed 30 September 2022].

M. V. Srinivasa Reddy 2021. FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

EDUCATION at
<http://www.brillionpublishing.com/wp-content/themes/primer/FlyerPDF/
Fundamental

Orminagri.com. n.d. Carabao Production. [online] Available at:

<http://www.orminagri.com/carabaoproduction.html> [Accessed 28
September 2022].

Palacpac, E. 2020. DA-PCC strengthens EAS thru collaboration project.Available at

<https://k-portal.pcc.gov.ph/index.php?page=post&q=PCC-
20210406683124644211617675383

Philippine Carabao Center. n.d. Genetic Improvement. [online] Available

at:<https://www.pcc.gov.ph/genetic-improvement/>[Accessed 30 September
2022].
Philippine Carabao Center. n.d. The Carabao as a Commodity. [online] Available at:
https://www.pcc.gov.ph/the-carabao-as-a-commodity/ [Accessed 30 September
2022].

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agricultural-extension-services
 PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Mike Andrew M. Bautista

Date of Birth : October 17, 2000

Place of Birth : Brgy. Ditumabo San Luis, Aurora

Home Address : Tangson St. Purok Diwang Ginto Brgy. Ditumabo

San Luis, Aurora

Religion : Roman Catholic

Citizenship : Filipino

Civil Status : Single

Sex : Male

Parents : Marcelo F. Bautista

: Marita A. Marzan

Contact Number : 09382292770