5EMI CONDUCTORS

Enu Band heay'

icetated etoma e au phesent in chaply defined
eNeagy lewels .

&thee co beeauue
dase t eoch othee
8 this inleatrtns eah e daeunt hane
ange caled
thegy aand Valeue Band Cinelude valenu e)
Conducton Band ( indudes ee e )

Band Gyap

fesbidden it peenl hee

Erey VB bu
sepreseited
Jts uidth depende on natu

As Temp (T1) Band

lassificatin Soid
Soids ae tt Eneeay Band Thesny
B
c-B
tleveslap

Conduotos Semicorduilas Ihculatns

=0

.R- reictivy tenp

eun MWe

sii higk (o*-0)

SE MI CONDUUORS:
-ve temp seiieel
Covalent Gonding.
Condustion ‘ ih ndding impusitie
chepe casiese heles

07e
Ge
e in c
e
junp kard pautilly
Valenu band
cnpty
called a
"Eletton
as e but tve.
sane chage
Eteeti mae
mass myre than e
thau e

visua hege thue s mo plycial chaye on it ].

Exminie (Deped senindutn)

(Pentavalnt inpusty)
+pype (Hsivnlant impuity)
(B In AL)
Intsinai Sc Nype Semiconductex Semiedtoo.
aARIRdons
Lewel impuity aeepr
V mbuiy
Lewel
ter e hote
peitive negative
dones i¡n
aeceptr Lon
3) ussenl de to Mainy &ue to e Mamy de to hoes
both e 4 holes
ne ma (N *ne) ma me ( Na)
5) Net! Neutial Nutal

MASS AenoN LAwi

The e nd hole oneent satron in a Semiemducter
tAenal cquilibin it
C at tunp(T)
- 4E9

onst - 3 8 X 0-2
T Tenp Abste) A mct

Intaineic ne [ve t Va]

J= bunent danctly n,e Vn

6= L- en (He t un) ’ Îatan'e

 P-N Junction

tegethe
holeu as muesity
N has majeiy
Duu to eoneentsation dittona aition hele stats tor
PN es feom N ?
tve Layes m- de and -ve ion Jn
his
wde
Ptde is komed that generateu eleeluie Rield
tom N’ P he dittuion procs
immtbtle tve A- ve ibns which hawe no tee
" The layes
e ond hsles depletion egion
usion cueut and de
Gsion proeese cased e on pide
to n-ide
movu
Lnt:
and hoe On m- e to
peide tausing a
duit
tiu nd duit nends
Psoeess
and at cauibin
At juneton Ncide is at pelentiad elatie to p-side
kigh nOoVemeut
Thic Pd tends to psevent
Pol'ential ".
and called Basiea
ELTERN AL APPUED Vo TAGE
WÍTH
V

N Ptve
P N ’-Ye

forweud bias.
Rewwe ias
N’-Ve Banii sedu e
1) P
Pential
- Ve
Bai in aeses dto depletion Layeu
9 High eeictan for wand svent low
u n in mA
5) Nisth depleton laye Leu cectane
 Revense CUwe
Cuwe
fr wad

knee volHage

o1
VF (V) Ge-sv
si3s V JvHfagc
Ge ’o3V Valtage
J- o
Zny Beardonn
" BaeaK don Avalanhe Beaudom.
becks
bue
depletron iaye
ens BeeaLdonn: Coralent Bonds o
its e depletien oyes
Aralanche BealdoNni tevalets Bonds a Mineitiea
by eoiion
netom biode:
for PN
Chasacteistic wwe

PN ( sy maot) B

(mA) (F 8)
A
Knee Valbag
Revve A)
(RB)
LF-8) Cusen
fr Tde bide

tin f'e) (in R.B)

N APPUCATONS
eonVeits

Hay wawe
ful awe tap
Bi dge Reetitu
(C) Ha-Wae
+
A
A
RL

DË de Fe
tve tal yde -ve Hal cyue
only Reeii haly ac

3) Ful - wae

) lentae-tap Peti} u

- D
D2
+ve Hay ye -Ye
D RB
D, R-B
 Ve Hat
+ve t a ’ R.B
’fB.
Di; Dy Da D
D3

Pde
Reetitin g ) Pae
: SD H2
50H2

Capaaitr

To hedue Huetualone in iapaitor