Electrical Machines-I

Tutorial

By
Dr. Krishna Roy
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
NITR
Example1: A three phase step-down transformer is energized from 11kV, 50
Hz source. If it takes a line current of 20 A from the supply mains then
calculate the output voltage, output current and output kVA for each of the
following connections:
Star/star (b) star/delta (c) delta/star (d) delta/delta.
The magnetizing current and losses are ignored. Per phase turns ratio is 44.

(a) Star/star
11000
Per phase primary voltage  V  6351 V
3
Per phase secondary voltage  6351 V  144.34 V
44
Therefore, secondary line voltage  144.34  3 V  250 V  output voltage

Primary phase current  20A

Therefore, secondary phase current  20  44 A  880 A
 secondary line current  output current

Output kVA  3  VL  I L  103  3  250  880 103 kVA  381.04 kVA

2
Example1: A three phase step-down transformer is energized from 11kV, 50
Hz source. If it takes a line current of 20 A from the supply mains then
calculate the output voltage, output current and output kVA for each of the
following connections:
Star/star (b) star/delta (c) delta/star (d) delta/delta.
The magnetizing current and losses are ignored. Per phase turns ratio is 44.

(b) Star/delta
11000
Per phase primary voltage  V  6351 V
3
Per phase secondary voltage  6351 V  144.34 V  output voltage
44
Primary phase current  20A
Secondary phase current  20  44 A  880 A
Therefore, secondary line current  880  3 A  1524.16 A  output current

Output kVA  3  VL  I L  103  3 144.34  1524.16  103 kVA  381.04 kVA

3
Example1: A three phase step-down transformer is energized from 11kV, 50
Hz source. If it takes a line current of 20 A from the supply mains then
calculate the output voltage, output current and output kVA for each of the
following connections:
Star/star (b) star/delta (c) delta/star (d) delta/delta.
The magnetizing current and losses are ignored. Per phase turns ratio is 44.

(c) Delta/star
Per phase primary voltage  11000 V

Per phase secondary voltage  11000 V  250 V

44
Therefore, secondary line voltage  250  3 V  433 V  output voltage
20
Primary phase current  A  11.55 A
3
Therefore, secondary phase current  11.55  44 A  508.07 A  output current
Output kVA  3  VL  I L  103 3  433  508.07  103 kVA  381.04 kVA

4
Example1: A three phase step-down transformer is energized from 11kV, 50
Hz source. If it takes a line current of 20 A from the supply mains then
calculate the output voltage, output current and output kVA for each of the
following connections:
Star/star (b) star/delta (c) delta/star (d) delta/delta.
The magnetizing current and losses are ignored. Per phase turns ratio is 44.

(d) Delta/delta
Per phase primary voltage  11000 V

Per phase secondary voltage  11000 V  250 V  output voltage

44
20
Primary phase current  A  11.55 A
3
Secondary phase current  11.55  44 A  508.07 A

Therefore, secondary line current  508.07  3 A  880 A  output current

Output kVA  3  VL  I L  103  3  250  880 103 kVA  381.04 kVA

5
Example2: Three single phase transformers, connected in delta/delta supply
a balanced three phase load of 150 kW at 440 volt at 0.8 pf lagging. The
transformers are supplied from three phase mains at 11 kV. Find the currents
in the windings of each of the transformers. If one transformer is found
faulty and is removed and the supply is maintained in V-V connection,
determine the currents in the windings and power supplied by each of the
transformers.
Delta/delta
Secondary load P  150 kW pf  cos   0.8 lag
Secondary voltage VLS  440 V primary voltage VLP  11000 V
P 150  1000
I
Secondary line current, LS   A
3  VLS  cos  3  440  0.8
 246 A
VLS 440
Primary line current I LP   I LS   246 A  9.84 A
VLP 11000
I 9.84
Primary phase current I phP  LP  A  5.68 A
3 3
I 246
Secondary phase current I phS  LS  A  142.03 A
3 3
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Example2: Three single phase transformers, connected in delta/delta supply
a balanced three phase load of 150 kW at 440 volt at 0.8 pf lagging. The
transformers are supplied from three phase mains at 11 kV. Find the currents
in the windings of each of the transformers. If one transformer is found
faulty and is removed and the supply is maintained in V-V connection,
determine the currents in the windings and power supplied by each of the
transformers.
Open delta
Secondary load P  150 kW pf  cos   0.8 lag
Secondary voltage VLS  440 V primary voltage VLP  11000 V
Secondary line current, I LS  246 A
Secondary phase current = Secondary line current I phS  246 A
440
Primary phase current I phP  I LS  turns ratio   246 A  9.84 A
11000

7
Example2: Three single phase transformers, connected in delta/delta supply
a balanced three phase load of 150 kW at 440 volt at 0.8 pf lagging. The
transformers are supplied from three phase mains at 11 kV. Find the currents
in the windings of each of the transformers. If one transformer is found
faulty and is removed and the supply is maintained in V-V connection,
determine the currents in the windings and power supplied by each of the
transformers.
Open delta
Secondary load P  150 kW pf  cos   0.8 lag
Secondary voltage VLS  440 V primary voltage VLP  11000 V

 
Power delivered by the 1st transformer, P1  440  246  cos 30  36.87 W
 42.52 kW

 
Power delivered by the 2nd transformer, P2  440  246  cos 30  36.87 W
 107.47 kW

8
Example3: Resistive loads of 5Ω and 10Ω are connected respectively across
the teaser and main transformer secondaries of a Scott-connected
arrangement of transformers, fed from 3-phase, 230V supply mains. If the
main transformers primary to secondary turns ratio is 2, then determine the
supply line currents. The magnetizing currents and the internal impedance
drops are neglected.

The magnitude of the secondary voltage of each phase is given by

Secondary turns 1
Vad = Vbc =  230 V = 230× V = 115 V
primary turns 2
115
Load current in the teaser-transformer secondary Iad = A = 23 A
5
115
Load current in the main-transformer secondary I bc = A = 11.5 A
10
N2
The teaser primary current is given by AI = I = 1.155× I ×
AD ad
N1
1
= 1.155× 23× A = 13.28 A
2

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Example3: Resistive loads of 5Ω and 10Ω are connected respectively across
the teaser and main transformer secondaries of a Scott-connected
arrangement of transformers, fed from 3-phase, 230V supply mains. If the
main transformers primary to secondary turns ratio is 2, then determine the
supply line currents. The magnetizing currents and the internal impedance
drops are neglected.

The main-transformer primary current is given by

VAD
N 1 VAB
I BC = I bc × 2 = 11.5× A = 5.75 A
N1 2 I A  I AD
From phasor diagram,  I BC  I BC VBC
1 1
1  I AD  I AD
I B = I BC
2
+ ( I AD ) 2 2 2
2 IC IB
= (5.75) 2 + (6.64)2 A VCA

= 8.784 A = IC

10