COLLEGE OF MARY IMMACULATE

of PANDI, BULACAN, INC.

JP Rizal St., Poblacion, Pandi, Bulacan
Tel. No.: (044) 769 2021
Fax No: (044) 769 2021

A Study on the Efficacy of Garlic and Gumamela Fusion as an Alternative Pesticide

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty and Panelists of College of Mary

Immaculate of Pandi, Bulacan, Inc, of the S.Y. 2022 - 2023

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Senior High School Courses
Inquiries, Investigation, & Immersion and Research Capstone Project

De Castro, Melissa A.
Estrella, Prince Justin D.
Estrella, Princess Rossini N.
Fabre, Shane Ashley J.
Gonzales, John Rasheed Dg.
Martin, Lorenzo G.
Mauricio, Jay Mark Dg.
Nase, Justine J.
Natavio, Selwyn R.

May 2023
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We the researchers would like to express our deep and sincere heartfelt gratitude
to all the people that lend their hand and help, in any means, and thus made this research
study possible and a success.

First and foremost, we would like to thank the Almighty God for his guidance and
blessings throughout the time of our research work.

To our research teacher and our overall consultant, Mr. Vryann James Sison, LPT
who guided us throughout the course of making the research paper. His insights and
suggestions are vital. And his way of motivating us inspires the burning passion in each
and everyone.

To our research question and instrument consultant, Mrs. Zaralyn M.

Bernardo-Santos who willingly shared her expertise and insights to us, especially to her
recommendations for the betterment of our research paper.

To Mr. Ron Kenneth C. Cruz, LPT our research statistician, for sharing his
mathematical expertise that helped the researchers on the analysis and interpretation of
the research data.

To Ms. Rose Ann Dg. Laderas, LPT who willingly accepts the request to be our
research grammarian.

To our beloved College of Mary Immaculate of Pandi, Bulacan Inc. for the
opportunity to showcase our ideas through our innovation product.

To Mr. Dindo C. Estrella, for providing us the glass aquarium used for the
research testing and to Mrs. & Mr. Martin who wholeheartedly welcomed us to their
home.
 Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………….. I

LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………… III

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………. IV

ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………...…………... V

CHAPTER 1

Overview ………………………………………………...…………………… 1
Background of the Study ………………………………………………..…... 1
Theoretical Framework ………………………………………………..……. 5
Conceptual Framework …………………………………………………..…. 6
Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………..….. 8
Hypothesis and Assumption ……………………………………………..….. 9
Null Hypothesis ………………………………………………...…..… 9
Alternative Hypothesis ……………………………………………..... 9
Assumptions ………………………………………………………….. 9
Scope and Limitations ……………………………………………………..… 10
Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………..……. 10
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………..…… 11

CHAPTER 2

Overview ………………………………………………...…………………… 12
Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………….. 12
Organic Pesticide …………………………………………………….. 12
Properties of Allium Sativum ……………………………………….. 13
Properties of Hibiscus Rosa …………………………………………. 14
Benefits of Organic Pesticide ………………………………...……… 14
Effect of Garlic Extract on Eggplant ……………………………….. 15

I
CHAPTER 3

Overview …………………………………………………………………..… 16
Research Design …………………………………………………………….. 16
Research Methodology …………………………………………………...… 16
Research Locale …………………………………………………………….. 17
Research Instrument ……………………………………………………….. 18
Research Setup ……………………………………………………………… 18
Data Analysis …………………………………………………...…………… 20
Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………………. 20
Ethical Consideration ………………………………………………………. 20

CHAPTER 4

Overview …………………………………………………………………….. 21
Result & Findings …………………………………………………………… 21

CHAPTER 5

Overview …………………………………………………………………….. 30
Summary of the Study ……………………………………………………… 30
Conclusions ………………………………………………………………….. 31
Recommendations …………………………………………………………... 36

APPENDIX ………………………………………………………………………….. 38

REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………… 39

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………………………………. 41

II
 List of Tables

Conceptual Framework

Table 1: The Conceptual Paradigm of Phase 1 …………….…….…………. 6

Table 2: The Conceptual Paradigm of Phase 2 …………………...………… 7

Table 3: The Conceptual Paradigm of Phase 3 …………………………...… 8

Results and Findings

Table 4: Trial Results of Gumamela Efficacy ……………………...……….. 22

Table 5: The Plants’ Computed Speed of Growth, Sum, and Mean ……… 23

Table 6: Speed of Growth One-Way ANOVA Interpretation ……………... 24

Table 7: Trial Results of Garlic Efficacy ……………………………………. 27

Table 8: The Treatments’ Computed Sum and Mean of Pests Killed …….. 28

Table 9: Number of Pests Killed One-Way ANOVA Interpretation ….…… 28

Appendix

Table 4: Trial Results of Gumamela Efficacy ………………………………. 39

Table 7: Trial Results of Garlic Efficacy ……………………………………. 39

III
 List of Figures

Research Setup

Figure 1: Garlic and Gumamela Organic Pesticide Blueprint …..…….... 18

Results and Findings

Figure 2: Speed of Growth Post-Hoc Test ………………………….…….. 25

Figure 3: Comparative Analysis of the Speed

of Growth Between the Four Treatments ………………....……………… 26

Figure 4: Pests Killed Post-Hoc Test ………………………..…………….. 29

Figure 5: Comparative Analysis of the Number

of Pests Killed Between the Four Treatments ……………………………. 30

Figure 6: Plant 1 Overall Condition ……………………………………… 34

Figure 7: Plant 2 Overall Condition ……………………………………… 35

Figure 8: Plant 3 Overall Condition ……………………………………… 35

Figure 9: Plant 4 Overall Condition ……………………………………… 36

IV
 ABSTRACT

The increase of pests in crops affects our agriculture. Crops may be depleted due

to pests that spread and multiply in the country. While the pest is spreading, there is also

an increase in the use of chemical pesticides that have a great impact on the destruction of

the environment and have adverse effects on humans and animals. So the researchers

conducted research about the production of alternative and organic pesticides. Research

aims to develop pesticides that do not have adverse effects on humans, the environment,

or plant production. and its ingredients are garlic and gumamela. In doing so, the

ingredients are extracted using a mortar and pestle and filtered using a cloth. This is

quantitative and experimental research. This research has two tests: the garlic efficacy

test and the gumamela efficacy test. Researchers provide a checklist to record the testing

results and findings. In testing garlic's efficacy, the researchers prepared 20 containers

containing 10 pests (weaver ants), and they had three concentrations and a control group.

Concentration A contains a high concentration of garlic; Concentration B contains a high

concentration of gumamela; Concentration C contains the same concentration of garlic

and gumamela; and the control group contains chemical pesticide. While the gumamela

efficacy is tested using 4 testing plants, each concentration has 1 testing plant. The

concentrations are the same as for the efficacy of garlic, but the control group in this test

has not received treatment. After the test, the results and findings come out. On the garlic

efficacy test, as usual, the control group ranked first and the high concentration of garlic

ranked second. The findings of this test show that the high concentration of garlic is

efficient as an organic pesticide. While for the gumamela efficacy, the high concentration

V
 of gumamela became the first on the rank list of plant growth. The findings of this

test show that the high concentration of gumamela has the fastest speed of growth of each

concentration and control group.

VI
 CHAPTER 1

This research aims to minimize and promote non toxicity to humans by

employing organic or natural materials or substances because the agriculture issue is still

troubling and ongoing. The primary objective is to develop appropriate and efficient

pesticides to eradicate pests in crops using natural ingredients that are accessible,

affordable, and doable by everyone. If plant pest populations rise, more crops will be

damaged globally and dangerous and alarming diseases will have a greater chance of

spreading. These pesticides will not harm the environment or other living things and are

safer than conventional chemical pesticides, which have a negative impact on humans,

animals, and the environment.

Background of the Study

Different pest problems affecting crops are currently becoming

increasingly widespread, especially among our farmers. Pests that delay plant growth or

finally cause them to wither and die harm a lot of plants. Many farmers and gardeners are

complaining about the pest's negative impact. The continued spread that has not yet been

properly addressed means that this problem is not over.

Pest exist naturally in our planet. Each species interact with other living or

nonliving elements of the environment and serves as specific purpose within the

ecosystem. The way that organisms use resources is adapted to lessen competition with

other, closely related species. Spring season is known as mating season and this is the

season where the pests are more active. Pests this season seek for food and water. The

1
example of these pests are lady beetles, cluster flies, ticks, fleas, and wasps. The common

plant pest are aphids, wood pests such as termites, roaches and vector insects of many

infectious diseases. Pests destroy at least 30-40%. 50 years ago, Francisco J. Aguilar

invented The Pest Analysis. Pesticides are used to control various pest and disease. The

first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient suner about 4,500

years ago in ancient. Pesticides frequently have an impact on the nervous system, system

in our body that control your nerves and muscles. Pesticides can affect environment, it

can contaminate soil, water, turf, and other vegetation. If the pest in plant increases, the

percentage of destroyed crops globally will increase and the harmful diseases will have a

higher chance to get into you, it can also affect our economy because of loss or reduced

efficiency of agricultural production and reduces the production and quality of food.

Farming is the primary source of income of many of our countrymen.The

majority of them have had crops or plants infested with pests. To manage pests, they

employ conventional pesticides. The usage of conventional pesticides with chemical

components or ingredients is something we are accustomed to and comes naturally to us.

It aids in the reduction of pests in our plants, but it also has detrimental impacts on the

environment and human health. If used regularly, various diseases can be contracted.

Studies have shown that it can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, skin, problem in breathing or

asthma and many other parts of the body. For example, eating a plant that has been

sprayed with pesticides can cause diarrhea or, worse yet, food poisoning because of the

chemical ingredients that are mixed with it. It has an impact on the environment in a

similar way that it has on the soil. It can lead to a decline in the numbers of beneficial soil

2
microbes and can remain in the soil for years or decades after application, harming soil

health. Chemical pesticides also diminish the availability of clean water for drinkable

purposes and worsen the quality of the water. Another factor in atmospheric pollution is

air pollution, which is brought on by chemical pesticides. Pesticides are active substances

applied to plants to prevent a variety of pests. It is used to exterminate, control, and repel

pests in plants and animals.

According to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates, pests

cause up to 40% of the world's crop yield to be lost each year. Over $220 billion is lost

annually to plant diseases and at least $70 billion to invasive insects in the global

economy. There are approximately 70 000 pest species and diseases that damage

agricultural crops worldwide (Pimentel, 2009). Harm crops and reduce yields in a number

of ways. They may harm plants by removing enough sap to cause withering and death, as

well as by building to high population densities, which remove plant nutrients. According

to another study, organic pesticides have many advantages over synthetic ones and may

be more cost-effective as a whole, considering the environmental cost of chemical

alternatives. Organic pesticides are less likely to damage people or animals, are

biodegradable, and hardly ever leave residues in the soil (Kalia, 2011).

The main issue of this study is the increasing rate of pests in plants and

their toxic effects on plant production. The researchers will find out if the organic

pesticide can act as an alternative to harmful chemical pesticides. Researchers must

3
investigate. At first, researchers may investigate the effects of the alternative pesticides

on the growth of plants by adding different amounts of pesticides to certain plants. Then

researchers could perform plant studies by setting up another set of experiments to test

the effects of various concentrations of the pesticides on plants induced with pests. The

researchers could also investigate how these alternative pesticides might be used

effectively to kill pests on plants.

The goal of the study is to provide farmers and gardeners with organic

pesticide alternatives to the traditional pesticides they use, which are hazardous to both

human health and the environment. It is preferable to use organic pesticides because, in

addition to being cheaper or affordable, you can do it by yourself as well. In fact, this

organic pesticide has a pleasant scent because of its gumamela ingredients that give off a

good odor. It has organic ingredients, garlic and gumamela, it's perfect because our

country is rich in garlic especially during the summer season.

In this study, the researchers have two variables, which are garlic and

gumamela. Garlic is variable in this study because it is one of the ingredients that

contains sulfate and an antimicrobial that can kill pests. And gumamela is the second

variable because it has a substance that contains antifungal and antibiotic properties and

has a good smell.

4
Theoretical Framework

This study is all about the role of garlic in agriculture. They conduct

findings about the potential of garlic as a natural pesticide. And they said garlic is a better

option as an alternative pesticides for controlling pests than they currently use that can be

highly toxic to humans. They said garlic has varying effects on different life stages, e.g.,

delia radicum eggs and adults are more susceptible to toxicity than larvae and different

pests species. (Anwar et al., n.d)

According to Riyaz ad Riyat (n.d) Hibiscus rosa (gumamela) contained

anthraquinones, quinn’s phenols, essential oil, and steroids. They also stated that

gumamela can kill and repel pests like aphids and larvae. At last, gumamela ash oil can

be used to repel mosquitoes.

5
Conceptual Framework

Phase 1: Creation of Product

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Container (500 mL bottle

spray)

Ingredients: 1. Grind the ingredients

375mL garlic 2. Combine the
extract/gumamela ash oil ingredients Garlic and Gumamela
125mL gumamela ash 3. Transfer the created Organic Pesticide
oil/garlic extract mixture into the spray
OR bottle
250mL garlic extract and
gumamela ash oil
100 mL of hot water

Table 1: The Conceptual Paradigm of Phase 1

Table 1 shows the formula of creating the organic pesticide. Input presents the

ingredients and materials needed which are the 500mL spray bottle, 375mL garlic

extract/gumamela ash oil, 125mL gumamela ash oil/garlic extract or 250 mL garlic

extract and gumamela ash oil, and 100 mL of hot water (garlic and gumamela ratios may

vary depending on the concentration to be created). The process contains steps 1, 2, and

3. The first step is to grind the ingredients, following that is to combine the grinded

ingredients and finally, transfer the mixture to the spray bottle. The output will be the

garlic and gumamela organic pesticide.

6
Phase 2: Evaluation of the Product

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Spray the organic pesticide

Plants (eggplants) to the plants (three times) Outcome of the evaluation
Plant pests with: after spraying the organic
● Weaver ants ● 90 seconds of interval pesticide
between each sprays
● 2 days interval between
each trial

Table 2: The Conceptual Paradigm of Phase 2

Table 2 shows the second phase which is the evaluation of the product. The input

presents the plants that are going to be sprayed with the organic pesticide and the plant

pests which are the weaver ants. The process contains the application of the pesticide

which consists of three sprays with 90 seconds of interval between each sprays and 2

days interval between each trial. The output will be the outcome of the evaluation after

spraying the organic pesticide to the plants with pests.

7
Phase 3: Observation of the Product

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Place the plants in a

good environment.
(exposed to sunlight
and no Observe the plants with 2 Statistical results (appeal
contaminations) days of interval to see and effectiveness of the
2. Put a fence around the improvements product)
plants to ensure no
unnecessary
circumstances happen.

Table 3: The Conceptual Paradigm of Phase 3

Table 3 shows the observation process of the product. The input presents the

proper steps in achieving the desired outcome without unnecessary variables that may

change the outcome. First step is to place the plants in a good environment and second is

to put a fence around the plants to keep other variables to affect the outcome. The process

is to observe the plants with 2 days of interval to see improvements. The output will be

the statistical results which are the appeal and effectiveness of the product.

Statement of the Problem

This research seeks to answer the following questions:

1. Is there a significant difference between the various concentrations of Orgamela

pesticides in terms of:

a. Number of pests killed

8
 b. Speed of growth

2. How may the overall condition of the plants be described?

Hypothesis and Assumption

Null Hypothesis

1. There is no significant difference between the various concentrations of Orgamela

pesticides in terms of number of pests killed and increasing the growth rate of

plants.

Alternative Hypotheses

1. There is a significant difference between the garlic-concentrated solution and the

rest of concentrations in terms of killing pests.

2. There is a significant difference between the gumamela-concentrated solution and

the rest of concentrations in terms of increasing the growth rate of plants.

3. There is a significant difference between the balanced concentration and the rest

of concentrations in terms of killing pests and increasing the growth rate of plants.

Assumptions

1. The garlic and gumamela will create a strong pesticide because of what it

contains.

2. The pesticide will repel the insects as long as the main ingredient is mixed with

the pesticide.

3. The insects will not survive when sprayed with the pesticide because of the

components it contains.

9
Scope and Delimitations

This study was focused on the garlic and gumamela fusion as an

alternative pesticide usage among the farmers and gardeners. The researchers in this

study determine the importance of using pesticides and also demonstrate the use related

to the learning process. This study will not benefit those who are not farmers and

gardeners because they will not benefit from our study, and due to the lack of laboratory

facilities, researchers limit laboratory testing. Additionally, due to the short amount of

time available for research, researchers encountered certain challenges in locating

different plant pests. All pest types cannot be tested by researchers.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding and clarification on the terms used in this study, the

following terms are defined.

Expenses. This refers to the funds that the researchers used.

Fusion. This refers to the combination or output of two natural sources to become

one.

Garlic. This refers to a rounded bulb that produces a strong distinct smell.

Gumamela. This refers to a flower known for its different colors and being an

ornamental plant.

10
 Pesticide. This refers to the substance that is used to repel/kill pests.

Concentration A. This refers to the garlic-concentrated pesticide which consists

of 375mL of garlic extract and 125mL of gumamela ash oil mixed together.

Concentration B. This refers to the gumamela-concentrated pesticide which

consists of 375mL of gumamela ash oil and 125mL of garlic extract mixed together.

Concentration C. This refers to the balanced pesticide composition of garlic and

gumamela which consists of 250mL gumamela ash oil and 250mL garlic extract.

Control Group. This refers to the method of testing in which there is no

treatment applied.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study could benefit the following:

Future Researchers. The outcome of this study will be added to the existing

body of knowledge. Therefore, future researchers can get information from this study as

this paper serves as aid for future studies.

Farmers. As this study also covers agriculture, farmers can gain information on

this study about using alternative pesticides to the plants.

11
 Gardeners. This study will provide information to protect plants from pests using

organic pesticides.

Agriculturist. Such can gain information on this study to protect plants or plant

products against all harmful organisms and check or prevent undesired growth of plants.

Forestry. This study can provide information to the forest industry. Pesticides

may be used in forests to control weeds, insects, animals, or diseases that can damage

trees.

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the review of related literature that supports this research.

The authors of these studies gave enough background to the researchers for a better

understanding of their study. This includes information about organic pesticides, their

benefits, and the properties of garlic and gumamela.

Organic Pesticide

Organic pesticides are those that come from naturally occurring sources

like minerals, plants, or animals (McCoy, T., 2020). Biochemical, microbiological,

botanical, or mineral-based pesticides are all included in the extensive range of organic

pesticides. A large number of them are derived from plants, insects, or naturally

occurring minerals (Grant, B. 2021). Applicators frequently require more information

12
about the target pest if they wish to control it successfully because organic pesticides are

less lasting and can be more selective than synthetic ones. When utilizing organic

pesticide, precise pest identification and an understanding of the pest life cycle are

essential. For effective control, the timing of pesticide treatments can be crucial. For them

to be effective, organic pesticides could also need specific handling (McCoy, T., 2020).

Properties of Allium Sativum (Garlic)

Growing garlic in a field, garden, or backyard is simple and commonly

practiced. Due to its therapeutic qualities, it is valued as a seasoning or condiment for

cooking. Particularly in organic farming and growing in backyard gardens, its value as a

pesticide is valued. Commercial insecticides with garlic as an active component are

available, and homemade extracts are also extensively utilized. Garlic has antifeidant,

bacterial, fungicidal, insecticidal, nematicidal, and repellent properties that stop insects

from feeding. Garlic is powerful against a variety of disease-causing bacteria and insects

at various phases of their life cycles (egg, larva, adult). This includes termites, mice,

mites, moles, armyworms, aphids, pulse beetles, whiteflies, wireworms, diamondback

moths, and other caterpillars like the false codling moth. It also includes fungi, bacteria,

and nematodes. (Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 2000)

Garlic repels pests as much as it repels humans. As stated by Hardiansyah, et al.

(2020) the aroma of the garlic is a smell which ants find unpleasant. Not only ants but

other pests as well, ranging from mice, birds, worms and such. Garlic contains chemical

properties such as diallyl disulfide (DADS) which is a major bioactive component of

13
garlic and diallyl thiosulfonate (allicin) that is an organosulfur compound found in garlic.

Diallyl disulfide has several biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,

antimicrobial and so forth. And diallyl thiosulfonate is an oily, yellowish liquid obtained

in garlic which gives the garlic its strong distinctive odor. All of which are useful and

effective as a part of garlic’s defensive properties against several pests.

Properties of Hibiscus Rosa (Gumamela)

Hibiscus rosa contains anthraquinones, quinin's phenols, essential oil, and

steroid that can kill pests like aphids and larvae and gumamela ash oil is acceptable and

can be used for repelling mosquitoes. (Riyaz, T. and Riyat A.K. 2021)

Benefits of Organic Pesticide

Organic pesticides have no detrimental effects on the environment or other

living things and do not harm the health of the plant or soil (Only Organic 2019). Many

home gardeners want to use something to kill bugs and weeds while still having a

minimal impact on the environment and their own health. Many people are turning to

natural and organic pesticides as a safer alternative to synthetic ones. Organic pesticides

are made to kill, just like synthetic ones are. Despite coming from a natural source, the

active ingredients are present in much higher concentrations than they would ever be in

nature. (UNH Extension Infoline 2019). Selective organic pesticides may be preferred

because they are selective in their ability to lessen damage to non-target species. This can

encourage populations of helpful organisms and maybe lower the total pest pressure by

14
solely eliminating the target pest. However, if several insect species are present, selective

products might not be able to completely eliminate all of the pests. Researchers said that

organic pesticides are less "persistent" than certain synthetic alternatives. This indicates

that organic pesticides often degrade in the environment and cease to function after a

relatively brief period of time. As a result, more pesticides may be applied overall than if

you had used a more lasting product. (McCoy, T., et al. 2020)

Effect of Garlic Extract on Eggplant

A test was conducted to ascertain the impact of aqueous garlic bulb

extract, or AGE, on the eggplant plant, according to the study by Ali, M., et al. (2019).

The researchers' AGE was made at a 200 g/mL concentration and given to the eggplant at

various growth phases. Freshly produced extracts were used for each application to

prevent potential bioactivity deterioration. Spraying the plant inside a plastic tunnel

served as the treatment in the trial conducted by the researchers. In this study, the

researchers discovered that spraying an eggplant plant once with AGE promotes plant

growth and production while having no negative impacts on the plant.

15
 CHAPTER 3

This chapter provides a description of the study's research design and

methodology. The setting, setup, and instruments used for the research are also covered in

this chapter. Along with describing the different ethical considerations that will be

observed in this research, the methodology for gathering data is explained as well in this

chapter.

Research Design

The goal of this study is to ascertain whether alternative pesticides, such as a

combination of garlic and gumamela, can be utilized. This study will apply a quantitative

research approach since the study focuses on an experimental research design. With the

use of experimental design, the researchers will be able to justify the objectives of the

study through observation, experimentation, testing, and assessment to determine if the

mixture of garlic and gumamela can be used. A qualitative observation will be applied to

obtain the necessary information for the overall condition of the plants.

Research Methodology

To obtain the necessary data, the researchers will utilize an experimental design

through observation, experimentation, testing, and assessment. Three concentrations and

one control group are made and utilized to determine what concentration is going to be

effective in increasing the plant’s growth rate and capability of killing pests. Each

concentration contains different amounts of extract ingredients. Concentration A contains

16
75% garlic extract and 25% gumamela extract, while concentration B contains 75%

gumamela extract and 25% garlic extract, and concentration C contains 50% garlic

extract and 50% gumamela extract. Concentrations are different amounts of ingredients

used to determine what will be most effective in terms of killing pests and growing

plants. To know the gumamela efficacy in plants, researchers provide 4 testing plants in

each concentration, with the control group having 1 testing plant. The testing plants test

every another 2 days with 3 sprays and 5 trials. To determine the speed of growth of

testing plants, researchers record the height of the plants on a checklist provided. To

identify the efficacy of garlic on pests, 20 testing containers were provided, which

contained 10 pests (weaver ants) in each container. In this test, researchers provide three

concentrations and one control group. Concentration A contains 75% garlic extract and

25% gumamela extract, while concentration B contains 75% gumamela extract and 25%

garlic extract, and concentration C contains 50% garlic extract and 50% gumamela

extract, and the control group is a commercial pesticide. There are five testing containers

with pests. Five testing containers represent the trials for each concentration. The

researchers apply treatment through three sprays. After applying the treatment,

researchers record the results on a checklist after 1 hour to determine the efficacy of

every concentration. Furthermore, to ensure that there will be no contamination, a 1 meter

distance between groups of concentrations and the control group will be established.

Research Locale

17
 This study was conducted at 0237 Siling Bata, Pandi, Bulacan. The location was

considered as appropriate for the study in order to successfully conduct experimentations

and testing since the materials and environment that was necessary were provided.

Research Instrument

The checklist of observations is used as the main data-gathering instrument. The

instrument is focused on determining the efficacy of the organic pesticide to the pests and

plants. The checklist was divided into two parts—the first part is for the garlic efficacy

and the second part for the gumamela efficacy. The first and second part of the checklist

will include a control group and five trials for each of the concentrations. The data to be

inputted in the first part of the checklist will be collected using observations. This

checklist specifically designed for the study will efficiently and effectively capture all the

needed findings.

Research Setup

18
Figure 1: Garlic and Gumamela Organic Pesticide Blueprint

The first step is to prepare a specific amount of the main ingredients, which

include garlic and gumamela. Next, using a mortar and pestle, crush it until the extract

comes out. Two mortars and pestles are needed, one for the gumamela and the other for

the garlic. Hot water will work to extract more once the components have been crushed.

It will need fine cloth that will act as a strainer to filter the extract and get rid of any

intact amounts of those Ingredients. Following extraction and filtration, it will be

necessary to measure each extract in order to avoid errors in the required extract of

ingredients and to ensure that the organic pesticide has the proper amount of ingredients.

To create an organic garlic and gumamela pesticide, put and combine the garlic and

gumamela extract in a spray bottle as the final step.

19
Data Analysis

ANOVA analysis was the treatment chosen to appropriately integrate the

statistical data into the study. To know if there is a significant difference between and

within the groups. And as there were more than 2 concentrations including the control

group needed to compare results. Researchers may use line and bar graphs to demonstrate

the growth rate of plants on every trial after the treatments. Then qualitative observation

may be used as statistical treatment since observation allows the researchers to interact,

get the primary data, as well as to understand the process better. A comparative analysis

approach was applied to rank the results of the concentrations.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will gather the necessary data using the checklist provided in the

instrument. The data that will be inputted in the checklist will be collected through

different methods within the experimental research design. Specifically, the researchers

will observe the plants as they are sprayed with three different concentrations in which

the control group is an exception. Testing the plants with the concentrations as well as

implementing necessary experimentations and last, to assess the collected data.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers will ensure that the testing place is away from populated

residential areas to ensure that there will not be any potential harm to be done. The

researchers will also uphold confidentiality to those who reached their help to the study

but does not want to disclose their information. Integrity of information that will be

20
included in the paper will also be practiced to ensure that no misinformation will be

spread. Lastly, objectivity will be the highest priority second to potential harm to

guarantee that no biases from the researchers will be included in the paper.

21
 CHAPTER 4

Results and Findings

This chapter is divided into two sections. First, the overview of the chapter in

which the data analysis is reviewed. Second, the findings & results, the analysis, and the

data gathered using the checklist of observations. The analysis of the treatment of data in

which ANOVA is used will be shown in the following.

To help determine the progress made focusing on gumamela efficacy, a table is

made to visually interpret the speed of growth values along with its respective sum and

mean.

Gumamela Efficacy

Growth Initial Day 1-3 Day 3-5 Day 5-7 Day 7-9 Day 9-11
Path Height

Control 20 20.5 21 22 23 24
Group

A 19.3 19.8 21 21.5 23 24

B 19 19.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 26.5

C 19 19.5 20 20.5 22 23
Table 4: Trial Results of Gumamela Efficacy

Table 4 shows the results of each trial done on each treatment. Each plant has a

stable improvement in terms of height while progressing over the trials. The control

group is tested without any kind of treatment which means the natural growth of the

eggplant with sufficient supply of water and sunlight. The plants had an initial height

22
 with slight differences with each other but even so, Concentration C has noticeable

results as it has the lowest amount of growth starting on Day 3-5 to Day 9-11.

Concentration B also has noticeable results with a fast and steady growth starting on Day

3-5 to Day 9-11 even with an initial height of 19, being one of the lowest initial heights

along with Concentration C.

To accurately measure the speed of growth of the four treatments, a formula is

used.

Where:
S1 - First measurement
S2 - Second measurement
T - Number of day interval between each

Speed of Day 1-3 Day 3-5 Day 5-7 Day 7-9 Day Sum Mean
Growth 9-11

Control Group 0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5 2 0.4

Concentration 0.25 0.6 0.25 0.75 0.5 2.35 0.47

A

Concentration 0.25 1 0.25 0.5 1.5 3.5 0.7

B

Concentration 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.75 0.5 2 0.4

C
Table 5: The Plants’ Computed Speed of Growth, Sum, and Mean

23
 Table 2 shows the speed of growth of the four treatments within the span of 11

days. The computed mean results of the control group is 0.4, following the control group

is Concentration A which is 0.47, then Concentration B with 0.7 and finally,

Concentration C which is 0.4.

One-Way ANOVA

F df1 df2 p-value

Speed of Growth 0.985 3 16 0.425

Table 6: Speed of Growth One-Way ANOVA Interpretation

Where:
F - variation between sample means
df1 - number of treatments minus 1
df2 - total number of observations
p-value - probability

Table 6 shows the one-way ANOVA interpretation of speed of growth. The F

symbol can be interpreted as the variation between sample means. The df1 is the number

of treatments minus one. The df2 is the total number of observations which can be

computed using N - k where the N is interpreted as the number of scores in each treatment

and k as the number of treatment conditions. The p-value is the probability that describes

how probable it is to find a particular set of observations if the null hypothesis were true.

As F is higher than the p-value, if not all treatments, one treatment has a significant

difference.

24
 Figure 2: Speed of Growth Post-Hoc Test

Figure 3 shows the computed post-hoc test of speed of growth to determine where

the difference came from. Where CG is interpreted as the control group, A as the

Concentration A, B as the Concentration B, C as the Concentration C. The mean

difference presents the computed difference between each treatment. With control group

and Concentration A having a -0.0700 mean difference which means that Concentration

A is better than the control group. Control group and Concentration B having a -0.300

difference which means that Concentration B is better than the control group. Finally,

Concentration C being equal to the control group since no mean difference was

computed. Concentration A and Concentration B have a mean difference of -0.230 which

implies that Concentration B is better. Concentration A and Concentration C have a mean

difference of 0.0700 which implies that Concentration A is better than the latter. Finally,

Concentration B and Concentration C have a mean difference of 0.3000 which implies

that Concentration B is better than Concentration C.

To help visualize what treatment surpasses the others, a line graph is made.

25
Figure 3: Comparative Analysis of the Speed of Growth Between the Four Treatments

The line graph shows the differences in each treatment in terms of speed of

growth. Day 1-3 shows the four treatments having the same values proving to be the

plants’ initial height. Concentration B presented an exponential growth within 3 days. On

the other hand, the control group stayed the same height alongside Concentration C with

a value of 0.25. According to Table 2, Concentration A can be seen matched with

Concentration C with identical values of 0.25 on Day 5-7, 0.75 on Day 7-9, and 0.5 on

Day 9-11. The control group then produced a result on Day 5-7 which is 0.5 but then

became stagnant in the following days. However, Concentration B kept on improving

rapidly with significant growth values of 0.5 and 1.5 following Day 7-9 to Day 9-11.

To show the trial results with regards to garlic efficacy along with their

corresponding sum and mean, a table is made.

26
 Garlic Efficacy

Number Initial Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

of Pests Number
Killed

Control 10 10 10 10 10 10
Group

A 10 9 10 9 9 10

B 10 6 6 7 7 6

C 10 8 7 6 7 8
Table 7: Trial Results of Garlic Efficacy

Table 7 presents the number of pests each treatment killed. All treatments started

with an initial number of 10 pests. In this experiment, the control group is tested with a

commercially available pesticide to which the pests strongly reacted which can be seen in

the table where the control group successfully killed all the pests throughout the trials.

The Concentration A puts a visible result having a 94% success rate of killing pests with

only 3 pests that the treatment failed to kill. Concentration B failed to match the control

group with only 32 pests killed throughout the trials. Concentration C has a total number

of 36 pests killed with only 4 more pests when compared with Concentration B.

Number of Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Sum Mean

Pests Killed

Control Group 10 10 10 10 10 50 10

Concentration 9 10 9 9 10 47 9.4
A

Concentration 6 6 7 7 6 32 6.4
B

27
Concentration 8 7 6 7 8 36 7.2
C
Table 8: The Treatments’ Computed Sum and Mean of Pests Killed

Table 8 shows the treatments’ sum and mean of pests killed throughout the four

trials. The computed mean result of the control group is 10, following the control group,

Concentration A is 9.4, Concentration B is 6.4 and finally, Concentration C with a 7.2.

One-Way ANOVA

F df1 df2 p-value

Pests Killed 45.7 3 16 < .001

Table 9: Number of Pests Killed One-Way ANOVA Interpretation

Where:
F - variation between sample means
df1 - number of treatments minus 1
df2 - total number of observations
p-value - probability

Table 9 shows the One-Way ANOVA interpretation of the number of pests killed

where the variables’ interpretations are the same with Table 6. However, As F is less than

p-value and the p-value is less than 0.05, it implies that the tests done are statistically

significant.

28
Figure 4: Pests Killed Post-Hoc Test

Figure 4 presents the computed post-hoc test of the number of pests killed to

determine where the difference came from. The computed difference between each

treatment is shown by the mean difference. Control group and Concentration A have a

mean difference of 0.600 which implies that the control group is better. Control group

and Concentration B and C having a 3.60*** and 2.800*** mean difference which means

that the control group is significantly better than the two treatments. Similar with control

group, Concentration A far surpasses Concentration B and C with a mean difference of

3.00*** and 2.200*** which implies that Concentration A is significantly better than the

two treatments. Finally, Concentration B and Concentration C have a -0.800 mean

difference which implies that Concentration C is better than Concentration B.

29
Figure 5: Comparative Analysis of the Number of Pests Killed Between the Four Treatments

Figure 3 shows a bar graph that contains the comparative analysis of the number

of pests killed between the treatments. The control group serves as an ideal threshold to

determine what concentration is better in terms of killing pests. Concentration A

presented an almost identical result with the control group where Concentration A killed

47 out 50 pests in five trials. On the other hand, Concentration B kills an average amount

of pests throughout the trials. Lastly, Concentration C kills a fair amount of pests in each

trial.

30
 CHAPTER 5

This chapter presents the summary and conclusions of the study as well as the

recommendations found from the study.

Summary of the Study

Different pest problems are still widespread among the crops affecting dozens of

farmers and gardeners. With modern methods such as chemical pesticides and other

methods used to eliminate pests, others feel a sense of comfort and relief. However, such

methods also come with an underlying harm to the people using it. The objective of this

study is to develop an effective, harmless, and organic pesticide as an alternative to the

commercially available pesticides which have harmful chemicals. Not only do the

pesticide eradicate pests but also boost its growth. This objective will be achieved

through the two research questions listed as follows:

Research Question 1:

Is there a significant difference between the various concentrations of

Orgamela pesticides in terms of:

a. Number of pests killed

b. Speed of growth

Research Question 2:

How may the overall condition of the plants be described?

Research Question 1 identifies if there is a significant difference between the

Orgamela concentrations in terms of the pests killed and growth of plant. Whether or not

31
Concentration A is preferred over the rest of concentrations with regards to pests killed

and speed of growth of plants and so on. In Subquestion A, the effectiveness of garlic is

tested, whereas in Subquestion B, the effectiveness of gumamela is tested. Research

Question 2 inquires how much of an effect the plants took after it is sprayed with their

respective treatment applied.

Conclusions

The findings for Research Question 1 are listed as follows:

a. Number of pests killed

With regards to the garlic ingredient, it is also found that the garlic extract is

effective as the main ingredient in terms of killing pests. Table 7 presents Concentration

A which consists of 75% garlic and 25% gumamela as the highest number of pests killed

close to the values of control group which the treatment applied is a commercial chemical

pesticide. Table 8 also supports the claim where the Concentration A has an average of

9.4 close to the control group. Table 9 also rejects the null hypothesis of the study and

establishes that there is a significant difference in each concentration depending on the

outcome of each trial when the p-value is lower than < 0.05 to which the p-value is at <

0.01 as shown in Table 9. Figure 4 presents the post-hoc test to determine the mean

difference where Concentration A showed a consistent p-value of less than 0.01 and a

mean difference of 3.00*** and 2.200*** taking into account that an asterisk (*) implies

that there is a huge difference between the two treatments being compared. A bar graph is

shown in Figure 5 to comparatively show the number of pests killed and their ranking

between each treatment visually. Concentration C is balanced as it can kill a fair amount

32
of pests and produce a decent amount with regards to increased growth rate. Two-day

intervals between trials also played a big role in the results gathered. It allowed the

researchers to accurately collect the data compared to a one-day interval which showed

few changes within the plants.

b. Speed of growth

Based on the findings & results and data analysis specifically in Table 5,

gumamela ash oil is effective as an ingredient for increasing the growth rate of a plant.

Table 5 shows that the Concentration B or the gumamela-concentrated solution is much

more effective than the rest of the concentrations with a computed average of 0.7 higher

than the control group and other concentrations. With a concentration that consists of

75% gumamela and 25% garlic, Concentration B can still kill pests with a computed

average of 6.4 pests killed in all trials as shown in Table 8. Table 6 shows the ANOVA

interpretation of the speed of growth where the p-value is at 0.425 while taking into

account that the ideal p-value is < 0.05 to successfully reject the null hypothesis. Still

however, F is higher than the p-value at 0.985 where if not all treatments, one treatment

shows a significant difference to the other treatments which the Concentration B

successfully did so as shown in the Table 4 and 5, and Figure 2 of the speed of growth

post-hoc test. A line graph is displayed in Figure 3 to comparatively show the speed of

growth and their ranking between each treatment visually.

The findings for Research Question 2 are listed as follows:

The 1 meter distance between the plants proved to be effective as it helped the

testing process to ensure that the plants will not be contaminated with the other

33
concentrations and not influence the results. Table 1 proved that the overall condition of

the plants tested had a steady improvement by providing sufficient care in sunlight and

water. Figures 2-5 supports the claim by providing a visual presentation using line graphs

which shows how good of results the plants produced. All the considered precautionary

measures and applied treatments of the three concentrations proved to be effective for the

plant with regards to its condition after the testing.

The following figures are the overall conditions of the plants used for testing and

experiments.

Figure 6: Plant 1 Overall Condition

34
Figure 7: Plant 2 Overall Condition

Figure 8: Plant 3 Overall Condition

35
 Figure 9: Plant 4 Overall Condition

In summary, by testing the efficacy of garlic and gumamela, this study established

a product that can be an alternative to using chemical pesticides and prevent

environmental and human harm. The efficacy of garlic helps users find an efficient way

to minimize the pest. Users may use a high concentration of garlic to minimize the pest.

And the test of gumamela efficacy helps to indicate that garlic and gumamela have no

adverse effects on plants. And based on the qualitative observations, the testing plants

were in good condition. The testing plant that received the treatment does not have pests

present, while the control group that did not receive the treatment has pests on the soil

and trunk of the plant. Finally, the product can be used by farmers and gardeners, and the

test results can be used as existing data by future researchers and botanists.

36
Recommendations

Several areas appeared as potential future study areas as the research progressed.

The recommendations are listed as follows:

1. It is recommended for future researchers wanting to undertake a research

similar to this study to test the organic pesticides with a variety of pests to

find out whether it is also effective to other pests aside from weaver ants.

2. It is also recommended that the future researchers experiment with the

ratios of the ingredients to determine what ratio is perfect for producing

both excellent results at killing pests and boosting growth rate.

3. It is recommended to future researchers who wish to conduct study

regarding this particular field to test the organic pesticides with a variety

of plants to find out whether the organic pesticides are far more effective

on plants other than the eggplant.

4. It is also recommended to the Department of Agriculture to promote

alternative ways of farming such as using organic fertilizers and organic

pesticides which are less likely to cause harm to humans, animals, plants,

and the environment. Instead it benefits the soil, plants, and animals.

5. It is recommended for conventional farmers to find out more about organic

farming since it is far better than conventional farming as organic farming

has a lower carbon footprint, preserves and promotes the health of soil,

restores natural ecosystems all without harmful, toxic conventional

pesticides residue. Contrarily, conventional farming increases greenhouse

37
gas emissions which contributes to climate change, soil erosion, water

pollution and above all, endangers human health.

38
APPENDIX

The study used different checklists for the purpose of data gathering listed as

follows:

Gumamela Efficacy

Growth Initial Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

Path Height

Control
Group

C
Table 4: Trial Results of Gumamela Efficacy

Garlic Efficacy

Number Initial Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

of Pests Number
Killed

Control
Group

C
Table 7: Trial Results of Garlic Efficacy

39
References

Aktar, M. W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009, March). Impact of pesticides use in

agriculture: Their benefits and Hazards. Interdisciplinary toxicology. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984095/

Larramendy, M. L., & Soloneski, S. (2014). Pesticides: Environmental Impacts and

Management Strategies. In Pesticides: Toxic aspects. essay, InTech.

Syafrudin, M., Kristanti, R. A., Yuniarto, A., Hadibarata, T., Rhee, J., Al-Onazi, W. A.,

Algarni, T. S., Almarri, A. H., & Al-Mohaimeed, A. M. (2021, January 8). Pesticides

in drinking water-a review. International journal of environmental research and public

health. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826868/

Giménez-Moolhuyzen, M., Blom, J. van der, Lorenzo-Mínguez, P., Cabello, T., &

Crisol-Martínez, E. (2020, January 21). Photosynthesis inhibiting effects of pesticides

on sweet pepper leaves. Insects. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074388

Seif, A. A. (n.d.). Plant extract: Garlic. Plant extract: Garlic | Infonet Biovision Home.

Retrieved from https://infonet-biovision.org/PlantHealth/Plant-extract-Garlic

Riyaz, T., & Riat, A. K. (n.d.). Effects of hibiscus rosa sinensis and Cymbopogon citratus

against ... ResearchGate. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352256543_EFFECTS_OF_HIBISCUS_R

OSA_SINENSIS_AND_CYMBOPOGON_CITRATUS_AGAINST_APHIDS_A_RE

VIEW

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Kalia. (n.d.). Plant extracts as natural insecticides: AMNH. American Museum of

Natural History. Retrieved from

https://www.amnh.org/learn-teach/curriculum-collections/young-naturalist-awards/wi

nning-essays/2011/plant-extracts-as-natural-insecticides

41
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Justine J. Nase
Address: 006 Daungan St. Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan.
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no:+ 639266963329

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: 09/17/2005
Place of Birth: Bocaue, Bulacan
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5"5
Weight: 60kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Manatal Elementary School Manatal, Pandi, Bulacan 2010 - 2017
Secondary:
Bunsuran National Highschool Bunsuran 1st, Pandi, Bulacan 2017- 2021
College of Mary Immaculate Poblacion Pandi, Bulacan 2021 – Present

42
Princess Rossini Estrella
Address: 4200 Parang st. Real de Cacarong, Pandi, Bulacan
Mobile: +639608464322
Email: [email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: January 14, 2006
Place of birth: Sta. Maria Bulacan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5 feet 7 inches
Weight: 47kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Cacarong Matanda Elementary School
2010- 2017
Secondary:
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School
2017-2021
College of Mary immaculate Poblacion Pandi Bulacan
2021- Present

43
John Rasheed Dg. Gonzales
Address: 075 De Guzman st. Cacarong Matanda, Pandi, Bulacan
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no: +639554001842

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: 09/27/2005
Place of Birth: Sta. Maria
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5"7
Weight: 63kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Cacarong Matanda Elementary School 2010 - 2017
Secondary:
Holy Angels' College Poblacion Pandi, Bulacan 2017 - 2020
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School 2020 – 2021
College of Mary Immaculate Poblacion Pandi, Bulacan 2021 – Present

44
Prince Justin D. Estrella
Address: Real De Cacarong, Pandi, Bulacan.
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no: 09266256981

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: July 22, 2005
Place of Birth: Sta maria General Hospital
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 178 cm
Weight: 69

EDUCATION
Primary:
Real De Cacarong Elementary School 2010-2017
Secondary:
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School 2017-2021
College of Mary Immaculate Poblacion Pandi, Bulacan 2021-Present

45
Jay Mark Dg. Mauricio
Address: 076 Cacarong Matanda, Pandi, Bulacan
Mobile: +639069352854
Email: [email protected]

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: January 31, 2002
Place of birth: Cacarong Matanda,Pandi, Bulacan
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5 feet 7 inches
Weight: 45kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Cacarong Matanda Elementary School 2009- 2017
Secondary:
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School Siling Bata, Pandi, Bulacan 2017-2021
College of Mary Immaculate Poblacion, Pandi, Bulacan 2021- Present

46
Shane Ashley J. Fabre
Address: 360 Bunsuran 1st Pandi Bulacan
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no: N/A

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: January 21, 2005
Place of Birth: Bunsuran 1st Pandi Bulacan
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5'4
Weight: 49kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Bunsuran Elementary School 2010-2017
Secondary:
Bunsuran National High School 2017-2021
College of Mary Immaculate of Pandi Bulacan Inc. 2021-Present

47
Lorenzo G. Martin Jr.
Address: 0237 Siling Bata Pandi, Bulacan
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no: 09187756074

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: December 16, 2004
Place of Birth: Siling Bata Pandi Bulacan
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Baptist
Height: 5'10
Weight: 70kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Matias B. Salvador Memorial Elementary School 2010-2017
Secondary:
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School 2017-2021
College of Mary Immaculate of Pandi Bulacan Inc. 2021-Present

48
Melissa A. Decastro
Address: 080 Cacarong Matanda Pandi, Bulacan
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no: +639935150429

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: November 24, 2005
Place of Birth: Cacarong Matanda Pandi, Bulacan
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5"6
Weight: 43kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
Cacarong Matanda Elementary School 2010-2017
Secondary:
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School 2017-2021
College of Mary Immaculate Poblacion Pandi, Bulacan 2021-Present

49
Selwyn R. Natavio
Address: Ph 1 Blk 6 Lot 38, Pandi Residences 3, Mapulang Lupa, Pandi, Bulacan
Email: [email protected]
Mobile no: 09491764208

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: October 14, 2005
Place of Birth: Quezon City
Civil status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height: 5’6
Weight: 55kg

EDUCATION
Primary:
FSS Patulo Elementary School
2010-2016
Mapulang Lupa Elementary School 2016-2017
Secondary:
Virginia Ramirez Cruz National High School 2017-2021
College of Mary Immaculate Poblacion Pandi, Bulacan 2021-Present

50