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Unit 4 - Form Control and Its Applications

The document discusses various form tolerances including flatness, straightness applied to surface elements and axes, circularity, and cylindricity. It defines each tolerance, how Rule #1 impacts them, legal specification tests, and how to inspect for compliance. Indirect controls for each tolerance are also addressed.

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rahulreddy.babureddy
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22 views

Unit 4 - Form Control and Its Applications

The document discusses various form tolerances including flatness, straightness applied to surface elements and axes, circularity, and cylindricity. It defines each tolerance, how Rule #1 impacts them, legal specification tests, and how to inspect for compliance. Indirect controls for each tolerance are also addressed.

Uploaded by

rahulreddy.babureddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING

Unit 4 : Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Class - 1

Sateesh Mudalagi
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications
Introduction
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications
FLATNESS CONTROL
Definition
• Flatness is the condition of a surface having all of its elements in one plane
• A flatness control is a geometric tolerance that limits the amount of flatness error a surface is allowed
• The tolerance zone for a flatness control is three-dimensional
• It consists of two parallel planes within which all the surface elements must lie
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Flatness Tolerance Zone

• A flatness control tolerance zone is two parallel


planes spaced apart by the flatness tolerance
value
• The first plane of the tolerance zone is
established by contacting the three high points
of the tolerance surface
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Rule #1’s Effects on Flatness

• It is an automatic indirect flatness


control
• When the feature of size is at MMC,
both surfaces must be perfect flat
• Flatness error equal to the amount
of departure (depart from MMC) is
allowed
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Flatness Control Application

Flatness control on a drawing


are to provide a flat surface
Example:
• For a gasket or seal
• To attach a mating part
• For better contact with a
datum plane
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Flatness Control Application


Three separate part requirements
must be verified
1. The size tolerance
2. The Rule#1 boundary
3. Flatness requirements
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Indirect Flatness Controls

• Rule #1
• Perpendicular
• Parallelism
• Angularity
• Total runout
• Profile
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Legal Specification Test for


a Flatness Control
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Inspecting Flatness
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Straightness as a Surface Element Control


Definition

• Straightness of a line element is the


condition where each line element
(or axis or centerplane)
• A straightness control directed to a
surface is a geometric tolerance that
limits the amount of straightness
error allowed in each surface line
element
• The tolerance zone for a straightness
control applied to surface elements is
two parallel lines spaced apart a
distance equal to the straightness
tolerance value
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Straightness as a Surface Element Control


Conditions

• The tolerance zone applied


• The tolerance zone is two parallel
lines
• Rule#1 applies
• Outer/inner boundaries are not
effected
• No modifiers
• Tolerance value specified must be
less than the size tolerance
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Rule#1’s Effects on Surface Straightness

Whenever Rule#1 applies to a FOS


▪ It provides an automatic indirect straightness
control for its surface elements
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Legal Specification Test for a


Straightness Control Applied
to Surface Element
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Verifying Straightness Applied to Surface Elements


ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Straightness as an Axis or Centerplane Control


How to determine when a straightness control applies to a FOS

• The tolerance zone applies to the axis or


centerplane of the FOS
• Rule#1 is Overrriden
• The VC or IB/OB of the FOS is affected
• The MMC & LMC modifiers may be used
• The tolerance value specified may be
greater than the size tolerance
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Straightness as an Axis or Centerplane Control


Definitions

• Straightness as an Axis is the condition where an axis is a


straight line
• Straightness as a Centerplane is the condition where each line
element is a straight line
• A straightness control applied to a FOS is a geometric tolerance
that limits the amount of straightness error allowed in the axis
or centerplane
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Rule #1’s Effects on a Straightness of a FOS


Whenever Rule #1 applies to a FOS…
• It provides an automatic straightness
control for the axis or centerplane
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Straightness at MMC Application


Conditions

• The FOS must also be within its size tolerance


• The straightness control specifies a tolerance
zone within which the axis or centerplane
must lie
• Rule #1 is overridden
• A bonus tolerance is permissible
• The VC of the FOS is affected
• A fixed gage may be used to verify the
straighness
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Indirect Straightness Controls

• Cylindricity
• Total runout
• Profile
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Legal Specification Test for a


Straightness Control Applied
to FOS
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Inspecting a Straightness Control


(Applied to a FOS at MMC)
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Circularity Control
Definition
• Circularity is a condition where all points of a
surface of revolution, at any section
perpendicular to a common axis, are equidistant
from that axis
• It can applied to any part feature with a
diametrical cross section
• A circularity control is a geometric tolerance that
limits the amount of circularity on a part surface
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Rule #1’s Effects on Circularity


Whenever Rule #1 applies to a FOS with a
diametrical cross section, its circularity is
automatically restricted to be equal to its
size tolerance
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Circularity Application

• The diameter must be within its


size tolerance
• Does not override Rule #1
• Tolerance must be less than the
size tolerance
• Does not affect the outer
boundary of the FOS
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Indirect Circularity Controls

• Rule #1
• Cylindricity
• Profile
• Runout
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications
Legal Specification
Test for a Circularity
Control
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Inspecting Circularity
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Cylindricity Control
Definition

• Cylindricity is a condition of a surface of


revolution in which all points of surface are
equidistant from a common axis
• A cylindricity control is a geometric tolerance
that limits the amount of cylindricity error
permitted on a part surface
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Rule #1’s Effects on Cylindricity


Whenever Rule #1 applies to a
cylindrical FOS, its cylindricity is
automatically restricted to be equal to
its size tolerance
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Cylindricity Applications

• The diameter must also be within


its size tolerance
• It does not override Rule #1
• Tolerance must be less than the
total size tolerance
• Does not affect the OB of FOS
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Indirect Cylindricity Controls

• Rule #1
• Circularity
• Profile
• Total Runout
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Legal Specification Test for a


Cylindricity Control
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Inspecting Cylindricity
Similar to the inspection of circularity
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

Summary
ADVANCED GEOMETRIC DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING
Form Tolerance and Its Applications

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