Expt No 4 Trial On Vapor Absorption System

EXPERIMENT NO.
4
Vapour Absorption system
Aim: 1. To study of Refrigeration effect.
2. To calculate coefficient of performance.
System Components:
 Electrolux refrigerator
 Bulb
 Voltmeter
 Ammeter
 Temp indicator with pt 100 sensors
 Wattmeter
 Dimmer
THEORY
Simple Electrolux System: This system was invented by two Swedish engineers Carl Munters
and Baltzer Von Platen developed
the domestic absorption type
refrigerator from an invention.
The main purpose of this system
is to eliminate the pump so that in
the absence of moving parts, the
machine becomes noise-less.
Ammonia is used as a refrigerant.
The operation of this system is
based on the concept of Dalton’s
Law. The ammonia vapor in the
condenser is condensed to liquid
and flows to evaporator by
gravity. The whole plant is
charged to a pressure of about 15
bars. In the evaporator the liquid ammonia meets an atmosphere of hydrogen at about 12 bars.
VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 1

Thus the partial pressure of ammonia falls to about 3 bar, keeping the same total pressure, and
the temperature falls to about - 100c. The vaporization of ammonia at this temperature produces
refrigeration. Water is used as a solvent for ammonia. It absorbs ammonia readily. If liquid
ammonia is introduced at the top of the system it passes on to the evaporator and vaporizes.
Hydrogen flows upwards in the evaporator counter - flows to liquid ammonia that falls from the
top. The ammonia vapor and hydrogen leave the top of the evaporator and flow through the gas
heat exchange getting warmed by the warmer hydrogen flowing through the evaporator. Both the
gases flow to the absorber. Weak aqua ammonia solution enters at the top of the absorber and
absorbs ammonia gas as it passes counter flow through the absorber. The hydrogen is not soluble
in weak aqua ammonia solution and gets separated and flows up to the evaporator through the
heat exchanger. Strong aqua ammonia solution leaves the bottom of the absorber and passes on
the generator.
Heat is supplied to the generator from external source by gas burner etc.,
expelling ammonia vapor out from the strong solution. Here the problem is to raise the elevation
of week solution of ammonia also so that it can pass to the separator and flow back to the
absorber. Principle of bubble pump is used here. The delivery tube from the generator is
immersed below the liquid level in the generator. Thus as ammonia vaporizes in the tube, they
carry slugs of week solution also into the separating vessel. From the separating vessel, weak
solution flows to the absorber and ammonia vapor passes on to the condenser.
Thus cycle is completed. The total pressure in the condenser is approximately the
same as in evaporator. Since, in the condenser there is pure ammonia, the vapor pressure there is
more or less same as the total pressure. In the evaporator, there exists a mixture of ammonia
vapor and hydrogen gas. Thus ammonia vapor pressure is much less, this being equal to total
pressure minus the partial pressure of hydrogen. Being at a pressure below saturation pressure,
the ammonia readily evaporates in the evaporator and refrigerates. Thus temperature equal to the
saturation temperature of ammonia at its partial pressure is theoretically obtained in the
evaporator.

RECTIFIER
ANALYSER
CONDENSER
HEATER
H2
EVAPO-
RATOR
HEAT
EXCHANGER
(H2 + NH3)VAPOUR
WEAK SOLUTION
ABSORBER
STRONG SOLUTION
Working:
1. The arrangement of the components of the system is as shown above figure.
2. This type of refrigerator is known as three fluid absorption system in which refrigerant is
ammonia, solution used is aqua ammonia and third fluid used in evaporator is hydrogen gas.
The solution circulation pump is taken out of the system and test-rig is made noiseless.
3. Circulation of system is achieved by providing high pressure in condenser and generator and
low pressure in evaporator and absorber.
4. The liquid ammonia flows under gravity into evaporator. As soon as ammonia liquid enters
the evaporator the partial pressure of ammonia decreases to 2 bars due to presence of
hydrogen and by absorbing latent heat ammonia converts into vapor.
5. The heavy mixture of ammonia vapor and hydrogen vapor coming out of evaporator is
passed to absorber. The weak solution of aqua ammonia is sprayed into the absorber where it
absorbs ammonia vapors and gets converted into strong solution of aqua ammonia. The
hydrogen left is recirculated into evaporator.

6. The strong solution of aqua ammonia from the absorber again enters into generator through
heat exchanger. The purpose of heat exchanger is to transfer the heat of weak aqua ammonia
solution to strong aqua ammonia solution to improve the overall performance of system.
7. The strong aqua ammonia solution is heated in generator by electric heater. Due to addition
of heat ammonia vapors are released and strong solution gets converted into weak solution,
which is passed to absorber. Analyzer and rectifier remove moisture in ammonia vapor and
dehydrated ammonia vapors are passed to condenser.
8. The chief advantage of Electrolux refrigerator is that it has no moving parts. As no
compressor or pump is required it is very quiet in operation.
Experimental Procedure:
1. Switch ON the supply to the trainer and switch ON the main switch to start the trainer.
2. Check all the temperatures (i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6)
3. Let the system run for some period (till the temperature in the evaporator tank starts
decreasing)
4. Now note down the readings as per the observation table.
5. When cabinet temperature (T6) reaches around 15˚C, switch on dimmer. Adjust the load
between 75 – 100 Volts. Ensure that the cabinet temperature does not increase when bulb
is switched on.
6. If T6 increases, reduce the power supplied to bulb.
7. Note down 5 – 6 readings at interval of 10 minutes.
8. Calculate the results as per the calculation procedure.
SPECIFICATION &OBSERVATION TABLE
SR. T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 V I POWER TIME
NO. (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (ºC) (V) (A) (watt) DURATION
Where,
T1: temperature before generator.
T2: temperature after generator
T3: evaporator temperature
T4: condenser temperature

T5: temperature before absorber
T6: cabinet temperature
CALCULATION & RESULT TABLE
1) COP (Theoretical) = T3 (T2 – T5) / T2 (T5 – T3)

Where
T2: temperature after generator
T3: evaporator temperature
T5: temperature before absorber
2) COP (actual) = load applied / Heat supplied to generator
RESULT TABLE:
Sr. No. C. O. P. (Th) C.O.P.(Actual)
Conclusion:
Comparison between Vapour Absorption and Vapour Compression

system.
Sr Vapour Absorption System Vapour Compression System.

No.
1 Cheaper form of energy is Relatively costlier form of energy
used to operate the cycle. like mechanical or electrical energy
is required.
2 The only moving part involved Compressor and motor are required
in the system is small pump and that too of higher capacity.
used to deliver the strong Because of vibrations of
mixture. compressor strong foundation is
also required.

3 The vapour temperature In vapour compression system the
leaving the generator is slightly degree of superheat is governed by
superheated and is controlled the suction state of vapour.
by the heat exchangers
provided after the generator.
4 Smaller condenser is required. Bigger condenser is required.
5 The capacity of the absorption Capacity of the compression system
system is controlled by decreases rapidly with the reduced
generator temperature even if evaporator pressure.
the evaporator pressure falls.
6 The COP of absorption system The COP of compression system is
is generally much lower. generally much higher.
7 The capacity of absorption For higher capacity the parameters
system may run into hundreds like inertial force of reciprocating
of tons and there is no bar on masses has to be considered and
the capacity. hence for higher capacity plants the
system becomes costly.
8 Requires very less Requires greater maintenance
maintenance as the only compared to vapour absorption
moving part is small capacity system.
pump.
Sr Vapour Absorption System Vapour Compression System.

No.
9 There is less wastage of Comparatively more amount of
refrigerant. refrigerant is wasted due to
leakage through shaft seal.
10 For small units the absorption For small units the compression
system is much bulkier as system is much compact as
compared to compression compared to absorption system.
system. But for high capacity But for high capacity plants the
plants the system becomes system becomes bulkier than
compact than compression absorption system.
system.

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EXPERIMENT NO.

VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 1

VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 2

VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 3

VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 4

CALCULATION & RESULT TABLE

1) COP (Theoretical) = T3 (T2 – T5) / T2 (T5 – T3)

Sr. No. C. O. P. (Th) C.O.P.(Actual)

Comparison between Vapour Absorption and Vapour Compression

Sr Vapour Absorption System Vapour Compression System.

VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 5

Sr Vapour Absorption System Vapour Compression System.

VIIT/ MED/ RAC/ 2017-18 pg. 6

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