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1. This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the air-gap flux density distribution of a PM vernier motor by using Fourier series expressions of the air gap permeance and rotor magnet magnetomotive force (MMF). 2. The analytical expressions are derived for the air gap permeance function and rotor MMF, which are then used along with the geometry of the machine to calculate the air gap flux density. 3. The analytical results are validated by finite element analysis and close agreement is shown between the two methods, demonstrating the accuracy of the derived analytical expressions for calculating the air gap flux density distribution of the PM vernier motor.

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Muhammad Humza
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15 views2 pages

Sumitted Paper1

1. This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the air-gap flux density distribution of a PM vernier motor by using Fourier series expressions of the air gap permeance and rotor magnet magnetomotive force (MMF). 2. The analytical expressions are derived for the air gap permeance function and rotor MMF, which are then used along with the geometry of the machine to calculate the air gap flux density. 3. The analytical results are validated by finite element analysis and close agreement is shown between the two methods, demonstrating the accuracy of the derived analytical expressions for calculating the air gap flux density distribution of the PM vernier motor.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Humza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Analytical Investigation of Air Gap Flux Density Distribution of

a PM Vernier Motor
Muhammad AZEEM, Muhammad HUMZA and Byungtaek KIM
Electrical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do, 573-701, South Korea

Abstract. This paper presents the analytical method to calculate the air-gap magnetic flux density
distribution of a PM vernier motor. For this purpose, air gap permeance and magnetomotive
force (MMF) of rotor magnets are expressed in the form of Fourier series. The permeance
function whose values of the harmonics are given in terms of geometries is utilized with the
MMF of PMs to analyze the air gap flux density of the vernier machine. Furthermore, the
effectiveness and accuracy of the derived expressions are checked with the help of FE analysis.

1 Introduction

The accurate prediction of magnetic field distribution is prerequisite in the investigation of


torque, back-emf, stator and rotor losses, demagnetization and winding inductances etc. of the
PM vernier motors. As is well-known, the PM vernier motor produces the modulation flux as
well as the common flux of PM conventional motor [1]-[3]. The common flux of PM motor
can be estimated easily but the modulation flux due to the stator slot permeance makes the
flux density wave complicated [4]-[5]. Most of the previous studies for the PM vernier
machines provide the numerical methods instead of analytical method to calculate the air gap
flux density. These numerical methods such as FEM give accurate calculation results, which
inevitably cause time-consuming trial-error in initial design stage of an electrical machine.
Therefore, this paper presents the analytical method to calculate the air gap flux density by
using the air gap permeance function and rotor magnet MMF in the form of fourier series.
The analytical calculation results of the air gap flux density are compared with the FE
simulation results to check the accuracy and the effectiveness of the derived expressions.

2 Calculation of Air Gap Flux Density of a PM Vernier Motor

The special features in the structure of vernier motor are the uniformly pitched teeth on its
surface facing towards its air gap and the large number of magnet rotor poles than stator
windings poles. The relation for a PM motor to get the vernier effect is given in (1).
Zr  Z s  p (1)
where Zs , Zr and p are the number of stator slots, rotor magnet poles and winding poles pairs
respectively. As the rotor rotates, it produces a rotor MMF in the air gap with the help of Zr
magnet pole pairs and is given by (2).

 n cos  nZ   m  
1
Fg .m  , m   FPM 1 r (2)
n odd
4 gm
where FPM 1  Br , Br andμm are the residual flux density and permeability of the magnet
 m
respectively. Here the reference axis for (2) and (3) is selected as the center of a slot as shown
in fig.1 (a), where θm and θ are defined as the rotor position and mechanical angle in the air
gap respectively. The specific air gap permeance function of the motor is expressed by (3).

    P0  P
m 1
m cos  mZ s  (3)
where P0 is the average value of the permeance and Pm is coefficient of the mth harmonics.
These coefficients can be determined with the geometries of machine such as slot shape and
gap length and its detailed expressions will be provided in the full paper. The air gap MMF
and permenace function waveforms are shown in Fig.1(a).The air gap flux density is the
product of MMF Fm.g   and permeanace function    and given by (4).
Bg    Fg .m     
(4)
 FPM 1 cos  Z r    m   P0  P1 cos  Z s   Bhar
The conceptual air gap flux density waveforms with their harmonics are shown in Fig. 1(b).
The air gap flux density contains the modulation as well as the common flux wave of a
conventional PM motor which moves in the opposite direction.

(a) MMF and permeance function relation (b) Operation principle of vernier motor
Fig. 1 Operation principle of vernier motor
In order to check the effectiveness and accuracy of the equations, the analytical and FE
analyses are performed for the surface PM vernier motor with 12 slots and 11 magnet pole
pairs, as shown in Fig. 2(a).The air gap flux density and the magnitudes of its harmonics
comparsion are given in Fig. 2.(b) and (c) respectively.

(a) Structure of verneir motor (b) Flux denisty vs rotor position (c) Flux density harmoincs
Fig. 2 Structure and the air gap flux density comparsion of vernier motor

From these results it is clear that the analytical and FE analysis results are quite similar
showing the good accuracy of these equations. The detailed contributions of each harmonic
component of the flux density in the production of the back emf and torque will be
investigated in the full paper.

References
[1] B. Kim and T. A. Lipo, “Operation and Design Principles of a PM Vernier Motor”, IEEE Trans. On
Industry Applications, Vol. 46, No. 6, 2014, pp. 3656-3663.
[2] B. Kim and T. A. Lipo, “Analysis of a PM vernier motor with spoke structure”, in Proc. IEEE Energy
Conversion Congress & Exposition 2014, (ECCE), pp. 2358-2365, Sept. 2014.
[3] H. Kakihata, Y. Katoka, and M. Takayma, “Design of Surface Permanent Magnet-type Vernier Motor”,
Electrical Machines and Systems, 2012, International Conference on.
[4] Z.Q. Zhu, D. Howe and C.C Chan, “Improved Analytical Model for Predicting the Magnetic Field
Distribution in the Brushless Permanent-Magnet Machines”, IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, Vol. 38, No. 1,
Jan.2002.
[5] B. Heller and V. Hamata, “Harmonic Field Effects in Induction Machines”, Elsevier Scientific Publishing
Co, Amsterdam, 1977.

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