1. a. What is Resistance?

Derive the equivalent resistance for (i) resistors connected in

series; (ii) resistors connected in parallel.
b. State Ohm’s law. What are the limitations of Ohm’s law?
2. With the help of suitable examples, explain the concepts of Kirchhoff’s current and
voltage laws.
3. Explain the steps involved in applying mesh analysis method. With an example for an
electric circuit explain the procedure for solving it using mesh analysis.
4. Explain the steps involved in applying nodal analysis method. With an example explain
the procedure for solving an electric circuit using nodal analysis.
5. State and explain the Superposition theorem for DC circuits with independent sources.
6. State and explain the procedure for solving network using Thevenin’s Theorem.
7. State and explain the maximum power transfer theorem. Derive the expression for the
maximum power delivered to the load. Give an example.
8. Define and explain maximum value, average value, rms value, form factor and peak
factor of an alternating wave.
9. Determine the average and effective values of saw- tooth waveform, square wave form
and sinusoidal wave.
10. Explain the ac analysis on elements R, L (pure inductor), & C (pure capacitor) with
help of its phasor diagram. And prove that the average power taking by a pure
inductor and capacitor fed with a sinusoidal supply in a circuit is zero.
11.
a. Explain the analysis of series R-L circuit when it is applied by single phase AC
supply with help of its phasor diagram.
b. A coil consists of a resistance of 100Ω and an inductance of 200 mH. If an
alternating voltage, v, given by v=200 sin 500t volts is applied across the coil,
calculate (a) the circuit impedance, (b) the current flowing, (c) the phase angle
between voltage and current, (d)power factor, (e) real power, (f) reactive power and
(g) apparent power.
12.
a. Explain the analysis of series R-C circuit when it is applied by single phase AC
supply with help of its phasor diagram.
b. A resistor of 25Ω is connected in series with a capacitor of 45μF. Calculate (a) the
impedance, and (b) the current taken from a 240V, 50 Hz supply. Also find the
 phase angle between the supply voltage and the current, power factor, real power,
reactive power, and apparent power.
13.
a. Explain the analysis of series R-L-C circuit when it is applied by single phase
AC supply with help of its phasor diagram.
b. A coil of resistance 5Ω and inductance 120mH in series with a 100μF capacitor,
is connected to a 300V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate (a) impedance of the circuit,
(b) the current flowing, (c) the phase difference between the supply voltage and
current (d) the power factor, (e) real power, (f) reactive power and (g) apparent
power.

14. Explain the power triangle. Define real power, reactive power, and apparent power.
15. Derive the relationship between line voltage & phase voltage and line current & phase
current of a 3-phase delta connected system and draw phasor diagram.
16. Derive the relationship between line voltage & phase voltage and line current & phase
current of a 3-phase star connected system and draw phasor diagram.
17. Explain measurement of three-phase power using two-wattmeter method and explain
the effect of load on meter readings.
18. Explain measurement of three-phase power using three-wattmeter method with a neat
sketch.
19. Explain the Constructional details of D.C machine with neat sketch.
20. Explain the operation of (single loop) DC generator. And explain commutator action in
DC machine.
21. Explain the working principle and operation of DC motor. List out applications of all
types of DC generators and motors.
22. Explain the construction details and working of single-phase transformer and list the
applications of transformer.
23. Explain the construction details of three phase induction motor. Explain different
types of three-phase induction motors and its applications.
24. Explain the working principle of three phase induction motor.
25. Explain the construction details and working of a single-phase induction motor. And
explain double field revolving theory.
26. What are the different types of single-phase induction motors? And explain them with
neat circuit diagrams.
27. Explain construction, operation, and applications of stepper, Servo, and Stepper motors.
28. Define conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Distinguish between conductors,
semiconductors, and insulators.
29. Explain the operation of PN junction under unbiased and bias conditions with the help
of neat diagrams and draw V-I characteristics curve.
30. What is PN junction diode? With the help of circuit diagram, explain the V-I
characteristics of a diode.
31. What is rectifier? Explain rectifier circuit and explain the classification of the rectifier.
32.
a. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a half-wave rectifier along
with relevant waveforms.
b. What is the need of a capacitive filter? Explain the operation of half-wave
rectifier with capacitor filter with neat circuit diagram and waveforms.
c. Derive the expressions for Idc (or Iavg), Vdc (or Vavg), Irms, Vrms,
efficiency η, ripple factor γ and PIV of a half-wave rectifier.
33.
a. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a two diode (centre-tapped)
full-wave rectifier along with relevant waveforms.
b. Explain the operation of full-wave rectifier with capacitor filter with neat circuit
diagram and waveforms.
c. Derive the expressions for Idc (or Iavg), Vdc (or Vavg), Irms, Vrms, efficiency
η, ripple factor γ and PIV of a full-wave rectifier.
34.
a. With a neat circuit diagram, explain the working of a bridge rectifier along with
relevant waveforms.
b. Explain the operation of bridge rectifier with capacitor filter with neat circuit
diagram and waveforms.
c. Derive the expressions for Idc (or Iavg), Vdc (or Vavg), Irms, Vrms, efficiency
η, ripple factor γ and PIV of a bridge (or full-wave) rectifier.
35.
d. What is Zener diode? Explain the operation of Zener diode and draw V-I
characteristics
e. Distinguish between Zener and Avalanche breakdown.
36. What is Zener diode? With a neat diagram, explain how Zener diode can be used as
voltage regulator.
37. Explain the construction and working of N-channel enhancement type MOSFET. Draw
transfer and drain characteristics and explain it.
38. Explain construction and operation of N-channel depletion MOSFET. Draw transfer
and drain characteristics and explain it.
39. Explain the construction and working of P-channel enhancement type MOSFET. Draw
transfer and drain characteristics and explain it.
40. Explain construction and operation of P-channel depletion MOSFET. Draw transfer
and drain characteristics and explain it.
41. Explain how MOSFET works as an amplifier and switch with neat diagrams.
42.
a. What is an op-amp? Mention the applications of op-amp.
b. List and explain the ideal and practical characteristics of op-amp.
43.
a. Explain the internal block diagram of an operational amplifier.
b. With neat circuit diagrams, explain the different input modes of an op-amp.

44. Explain the differential and common mode signals of operational amplifier.
45. Explain the concept of virtual short and virtual ground in operational amplifiers.
46.
a. Explain the operation of an op-amp as an inverting amplifier. Derive an
expression for the output voltage and voltage gain.
b. Explain the effect of finite open loop gain on output of inverting amplifier.
47.
a. Explain the operation of an op-amp as a non-inverting amplifier. Derive an
expression for the output voltage and voltage gain.
b. Explain the effect of finite open loop gain on output of non-inverting amplifier.
48. With neat circuit and necessary equations, explain the voltage follower circuit using
op-amp. Mention its important properties.
49. Explain the operation of differential amplifier. Derive an expression for the output
voltage.
50. With neat circuit, explain the operation of three input adder circuit. Derive an
expression for output voltage V0.
51. With a circuit diagram, how an op-amp can be used as a subtractor. Derive an
expression for the output voltage.
52. With neat circuit diagrams, how an op-amp can be used as an integrator and
differentiator. Derive the expression for output voltage.
53. With neat circuit diagrams, how an op-amp can be used as low pass filter and high pass
filter and explain its operation.
54. Explain the following terms related to op-amp:
(i) Open loop voltage gain
(ii) Common mode gain
(iii) CMRR
(iv) Input Offset Voltage
(v) Input Offset Current
(vi) Input impedance
(vii) Output impedance
(viii) Slew rate
(ix) Virtual ground
(x) Virtual short
(xi) Bandwidth