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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

An Android smart application for an Arduino based local

meteorological data recording

Ihsan Jabbar Hasan1, Nahla Abdul Jalil Salih1, Nadhir Ibrahim Abdulkhaleq2
and Mohannad Jabbar Mnati2,3
1
Department of Electronic, Medical Technical Institute/Al Mansour, Middle Technical
University, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Department of Electronic Techniques, Institute of Technology, Middle Technical University-
Baghdad, Iraq
3
Department of Electrical Energy, Metals, Mechanical Constructions and Systems, Ghent
University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 913, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Gent, Belgium.
E-mail: [email protected] (Ihsan Jabbar Hasan)

Abstract. The Meteorological conditions could be with high importance for many applications.
Even this information is available in many media resources, but they are not measured for a
certain position. In this paper, authors present design for a private weather station that can be
established in any place. The design mainly based on a group of sensors used for supplying the
information of temperature, humidity, and air speed. An Arduino Uno microcontroller is
utilized to process the incoming sensing data and send them via wireless Bluetooth module to
mobile phones. The mobile phones are equipped with an Android smart application to display
this data. This low-cost design offers an online weather information for any local projects that
need such data.

1. Introduction
Weather conditions have been recorded using many simple devices. The well-known cup anemometer
for example is used to measure the wind speed, while the wind vane was utilized to indicates the
direction. These devices are still in use beside many others, like barometers to measure the air pressure
and thermometers for sensing the temperature or some other to measure the humidity and the rain
density [1], [2]. Based on these main devices many recent technologies have been used to give more
precise and sophisticated weather data sensing and recording. These new technologies offered the
benefits of mobility, remote access, precession and adaptation [3], [4]. After 2005, Arduino starts to be
one of most preferred projects tool for both beginners and professionals [5], [6]. Among many
projects, meteorological data recording has its share from Arduino applications. Plenty of related
works are presented in the literature, the authors in [7] offers a climate measuring system which can
deliver its system to pc using a wireless tool based on Zig Bee. H Saini et al [8] present the same idea
but with more measuring information and comparing their results with the official weather
information. The same purpose for the weather data measuring but for industrial application, is
presented in [9]. Many researches combine the Arduino microcontroller with smart applications [10],
[11] which makes such projects easier for the end users. In this paper, we try to establish our local
meteorological data recording to measure air temperature, humidity and the wind speed using DHT,
Anemometer sensors respectively. The data is fed to the Arduino Uno which plays the rule of the main
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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

processor to translate the sensing data to a measuring values that can be displayed. A Bluetooth
wireless connection is established between the weather local station and the smartphone using HC-05
Bluetooth module. The received data via the Bluetooth of the mobile phone is displayed using
AppBuilder smart application tool. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: section 2 is dedicated
for system model, in section 3 the implementation of the local weather station is presented, finally
section 4 is utilized to list our conclusion.

2. The system model

The main element in our system is the micro-controller Arduino Uno which has its input fed from the
DHT sensor and the anemometer sensor. The Arduino Uno, shown in Figure 1, is an open source
microcontroller that can hold the main job of the electronic circuit. All the sensors are connected to its
terminals (as will be explained in the next section) and also it deals with the data as a software inputs
which is processed using the programming script to get the required output.

Figure 1. Arduino Uno electronic board

The DHT sensor shown in Figure 2, is one of simple to connect sensor because no interface circuit is
required for its connection to the Arduino inputs. This sensor mainly constructed of two individual
elements. The first one is the resistive component which is utilized to sense the humidity, and the
second part is using the function of negative resistance rule to sense the temperature. The designers
used two types of this sensor, DHT-11 and DHT-22, the latter is more precise in its measuring. Figure
2, [12], shows both sensors.

(a) (b)
Figure 2. DHT sensor, (a) DHT 11 (b) DHT 22
Table 1, gives a specification comparison between them.

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

Table 1. DHT 11 and DHT 22 characteristics comparison

Specification title
DHT 11 DHT 22

0 − 50°C, ∓2°C −40 − 125°C , ∓0.5°C

Temperature scale
20% − 80%, ∓5% 0% − 100%, ∓2.5%
Humidity scale
One reading/second One reading/2 seconds
Reading rate
15mm × 12mm × 5.5 mm 15.1mm × 25mm × 7.7 mm
Sensor size
Applied voltage
3 − 5 volt 3 − 5 volt
Maximum current while
2.5 mA 2.5 mA
reading data
The wind speed measurement is driven from the anemometer sensor that illustrated in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Anemometer sensor

This sensor usually mounted outside to deliver the wind speed measurement to the Arduino board. The
main idea of this sensor that it has a DC motor inside it which is synchronize with the rotation of the
cups. The mechanical power that came from the rotary motion of the cups introduce an induced
voltage in the DC motor that fed an analog signal to the Arduino that indicates the wind speed.
The wireless communication element represented by the Bluetooth serial port protocol (SSP)
module HC-05 shown in Figure 4, is used to establish the link between the Arduino Uno board and the
mobile phone via Bluetooth technology.

Figure 4. HC-05 Bluetooth module

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

The overall system model is illustrated in Figure 5.

DHT-22
Arduino
Uno
Anemometer

Figure 5. Local meteorological data recording system model

3. Software Architecture
In this paper, two software programs were used to control and monitor the full system

3.1. Arduino program.

The Arduino IDE platform is an open source software to rewrite all types of programs. The flowchart
process in the Figure 6a present how the Arduino measure temperature, humidity and wind speed.
After measuring the Arduino UNO send the results to end user by Bluetooth HC-05 to Android
smartphone.

(a) (b)

Figure 6. (a) The flowchart of Arduino program , (b) the flowchart of AppBuilder program

3.2. AppBuilder program

Appybuilder software is an open-source program was used to design and implementation android
smartphone application. Figure 7, show the main window of the Appybuilder software and the
flowchart of the final application of the system is present in the Figure 6 (b). Figure 6 (b) is present
how the monitoring system application received the data from the hardware system.

4
2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

Figure 7. Main window of the Appybuilder platform [13]

4. Experimental results
The hardware circuit of the full meteorological system is shown in Figure 8. In this system the DHT
11 and wind speed sensors are connected to the Analog and digital input ports of the Arduino UNO
R3. After the Arduino UNO reads all measuring data from sensors, this data is sent using Bluetooth to
an Android smartphone.

Figure 8. Practical circuit of the meteorological system.

The main windows of the Android application of the meteorological system is shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9a. present the main application windows before Bluetooth HC-05 connection to the
smartphone device (end user) and Figure 9b shows main application windows with all measuring
results of the meteorological system after Bluetooth connection to smartphone.

5
2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

(a) (b)

Figure 9. Final smartphone application of the meteorological system. (a) main window before
Bluetooth connected, (b) main window after Bluetooth is connected

5. Conclusion
The meteorological station implemented in this project allows to integrate sensors and commercial
devices, in an open and low cost platform with respect to other alternatives in the market. The
advantage of using a platform such as Bluetooth is that it facilitates the integration of all types of
sensors and actuators, through their Analog and digital interfaces of the Arduino. the users are
provided with a new application design that can be installed on Android smartphones to monitor the
status of the system. The power consumption of the designed weather station in this paper is
considerably lower than other commercial applications, including that of other hardware development
platforms.

References
[1] Shuman F G 1989 History of numerical weather prediction at the National Meteorological Center
Weather and Forecasting 3 286-96.
[2] Lamb and Hubert H 2002 Climate, history and the modern world (Routledge).
[3] Foley A M, Leahy P G, Marvuglia A and McKeogh E J 2012 Renewable Energy 37 1-8.
[4] Pliske R, Crandall B and Klein G 2004 Competence in weather forecasting. Psychological
investigations of competence in decision making 40-68.
[5] Margolis M 2011 Ardiono coockbook. (O’ Reily Media.Inc)
[6] McRoberts M 2010 Beginning Aruino. (NewYork. Apress) 1-12.
[7] Gahlot N Gundkal V Kothimbire S Thite A Zigbee based weather monitoring system 2015 The
International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) 4 61-66.

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2nd International Conference on Sustainable Engineering Techniques (ICSET 2019) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (2019) 042014 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/518/4/042014

[8] Saini, H. Thakur A Ahuja S Sabharwal N and Kumar N 2016, February Arduino based automatic
wireless weather station with remote graphical application and alerts. In proc. of Signal
Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN) 3rd International Conference on 605-609 IEEE.
[9] da Gama L M, de Oliveira Gaia J B, de Padua Soares A and Kimura A 2015 Wireless sensor
network for monitoring environmental factors in industrial installations In Electrical,
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710.
[10] Mnati M J, Chisab R F and Van den Bossche A 2017 A smart distance power electronic
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[11] Mnati M J, Hasan A, Bozalakov D V and Bossche A V 2018 Smart monitoring and controlling
of three phase photovoltaic inverter system using lora technology 6th Eur. Conf. Ren. Energy
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[12] D-Robotics U K, DHT11 Humidity & Temperature Sensor datasheet. Available:
https://www.droboticsonline.com (30/Jul/2010).
[13] Availbel on the : http://appybuilder.com