Definition & Use:

-Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the
bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Sometimes the number of harmful
bacteria is excessive, and the immune system cannot clear them all. Antibiotics are useful in this
scenario.

Who or When it was discovered:

In 1928, at St. Mary's Hospital, London, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. This discovery led to the
introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection.

Aksidenteng nadiscover It was growing from a blob of mold on a petri dish.

Karamihan dati sa mga antibiotics ay galling sa bacteria na nakikita sa ground soil pero ngayon ay sa lab
na sya ginagawa

How to use:

-People usually take antibiotics by mouth. However, doctors can administer them by injection or apply
them directly to the part of the body with infection.

-Always follow the directions carefully. Finish your medicine even if you feel better. If you stop taking
them too soon, some bacteria may survive and re-infect you.

Contraindication:

-Hypersensitivity to prescribed antibiotics, others in its family, or components of the drug. Some
antibiotics are contraindicated in infants and children

-What to avoid while on antibiotics?

High acid foods like Citrus fruits and juices like orange and grapefruit, soda, chocolate and tomato
products have a high acid content, which could decrease how much medicine is absorbed into your
system for certain antibiotics.

-There's an increased risk of side effects if you take 2 doses closer together than recommended.
Accidentally taking 1 extra dose of your antibiotic is unlikely to cause you any serious harm. But it will
increase your chances of getting side effects, such as pain in your stomach, diarrhea, and feeling or
being sick.
How it work:

Antibiotics treat trusted source bacterial infections either by killing bacteria or slowing and suspending
its growth.

They do this by:

-attacking the wall or coating surrounding bacteria

-interfering with bacteria reproduction

-blocking protein production in bacteria

Some precautions:

-Take antibiotics ONLY if you need them.

-Antibiotics ONLY treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as:

-Strep throat

-Whooping cough

-Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Antibiotics DO NOT work on viruses, such as those that cause:

-Colds and runny noses, even if the mucus is thick, yellow, or green

-Most sore throats (except strep throat)

-Flu

-Most cases of chest colds (bronchitis)

Example ng drugs na available:

-amoxicillin

-doxycycline

-cephalexin

-ciprofloxacin
-clindamycin

-metronidazole

-azithromycin

-sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim

-amoxicillin and clavulanate

-levofloxacin

Other infos:

Possible side effects:

-Rash

-Nausea

-Diarrhea

-Yeast infections

-vomiting

-upset stomach

-sensitivity to sunlight, when taking tetracyclines

with certain antibiotics or prolonged use, fungal infections of the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina

Allergy:

Some people may develop an allergic reaction to antibiotics, especially penicillin. Side effects might
include:

-a raised rash, or hives

-swelling of the tongue and face

-coughing

-wheezing

-difficulty breathing
When to take antibiotics

either an infection being treated or prophylaxis(prevention) against an infection

taking antibiotics 8-12 hours

Fast facts on antibiotics

Antibiotics cannot fight viral infections.

Fleming predicted the rise of antibiotic resistance.

Antibiotics either kill or slow the growth of bacteria.

Side effects can include diarrhea, an upset stomach, and nausea.

Magttake ng antibiotic kapag ganto pag di na kaya ng immune system I clear ung excessive bacteria

sometimes the number of harmful bacteria is excessive, and the immune system cannot clear them all.
Antibiotics are useful in this scenario.

What DO antibiotics treat?

Antibiotics ONLY treat certain infections caused by bacteria, such as:

Strep throat

Whooping cough

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

What DON’T antibiotics treat?

Antibiotics DO NOT work on viruses, such as those that cause:

Colds and runny noses, even if the mucus is thick, yellow, or green

Most sore throats (except strep throat)

Flu

Most cases of chest colds (bronchitis)

Some ear infections

Possible side effects

Rash

Nausea

Diarrhea

Yeast infections

vomiting

upset stomach

sensitivity to sunlight, when taking tetracyclines

with certain antibiotics or prolonged use, fungal infections of the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina

Allergy

Some people may develop an allergic reaction to antibiotics, especially penicillin. Side effects might
include:

a raised rash, or hives

swelling of the tongue and face

coughing

wheezing

difficulty breathing

How to take antibiotics

Tablets capsule or hinahalo sa inumin

Cream lotion o drops para sa mata

Injections para sa mas serious na infections

Bactericidal it kills bacteria

Malawak range

Limited range

antibiotic resistance

Antibiotics are powerful medications that work very well for certain types of illnesses. However, some
antibiotics are now less useful than they once were due to an increase in antibiotic resistance.

Karamihan sa antibiotic ay di na masyadong effective gawa neto

Kasi pag nagttake tayo ng antibiotic may nag ssurvive na bacteria kasi may resistant sila sa antibiotic
kaya ganon kasi may unique characteristics ung bacteria

Kaya dapat tinetake lang den ang antibiotic kasi baka mag contribute pa sa antibiotic resistance

Types of antibiotics

Penicillins- amoxicillin (Amoxil)

Macrolides- azithromycin (Zithromax) and erythromycin (Ery-Tab)

Cephalosporins- cephalexin (Keflex) and cefdinir (Omnicef)

Fluoroquinolones- ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Beta-lactams with increased activity- amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)

Urinary anti-infectives- nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

Lincosamides- clindamycin (Cleocin)

Pag magttake ng antibiotic need muna doctors order o reseta

Nursing considerations

Nursing assessment

Assess kung may drug allergies CNS depression central nervous system at cardiovascular diseases

Physical assessment like sa skin o sa respiration tapos laboratory test tapos kung may tinetake syang
ibang medication
Nursing diagnosis

Acute pain sa gastrointestinal or cns drug effects

Disturbed sensory perception (auditory) related to CNS drug effects ccheck po ung 5 senses

Risk for injection na related sa bone marrow

Implementation with rationale

Monitor infection site and presenting signs and sympoms throughout course of drug therapy because
failure of these manifestations to resolve may indicate the need to reculture the site.

Provide safety measures to protect the patient if CNS effects

Educate client on drug therapy to promote understanding and compliance.

Monitor the infection site for symptoms

Evaluation

Monitor the patients response to the therapy kung nabawasan ba ung symptoms

Monitor adverse effects abnormal result

Evaluate on understanding the drug therapy