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Fundamentals of Probability

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
35 views

Fundamentals of Probability

Uploaded by

leezhan2005
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gosyle at od —O bok ac e lve! xen aw web 1 aA WHE: =) % € ANB | => x eCane) | 2. aboot & Gna)’ @ ©2@5 @nv)'= av ye. Pueve thet A (uc) = @-8)aa-2) Reoef? we 5 A- (Bue) & @-8) 1@-9) yok 2EA GO x CAZXRB, ack x CARTES (i) XeAgm-B ond EAS Sxe @—Oa (a-) Ast eue) S @-2)N ca-¢) —@ Neo, we PT- (A-Onca-c) & A- (BEC) det ce BBA CA-O aud XE AHS ek SEC =) XE A-® =) oc CA and BAB > => x EA oad 1K BOE | | =r ne A-COVO wb G-D ata-0 = A-Gvo) 5 v sy — fp26> =) A=tooe) = @-B)ACA-c) ~~; Keclieg Croton: aetsste # Sdn pecseoy hwo woe Venn diagtam be Bebve: Counting ers noposnenhs — & Rele ag om : a *h a cikcle , Opsten hoo ON mors Cdchos arg ty jenclord who de clangle vohore deckongle apena sek. WA veo cbooageeny | ‘ Ale Unversal VIA suwwey of lee people & Cabrponca, *uddteals, ty q, Brave Vinlitd “Slonatand , 1S Rese vindgy Heralds Berg Loren, ond b Rove Viet hed belt Mew mang people Reve Vestled notte plare 2 | dst A de sekm raposseabtg dhe people whe Weald Dinagy Lean « | 0 [rok B a he | Knolls Peary . 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Noo arch Ex 30 | Raaagle 69, Tsebsee et Seer we ye exadiatullaisd om asthe ot Srlusea ond Px oP nein Be abled “hy gett the mak 4, clamanls va Bae Unter Ah, Kos 5 loansiter boo £ rk sels A and B. we Can work thy ru Sy, adluson aud cxdlusuin Yormalo as Rader - nCAvB) = ACA) F-n(ed- NCANB) fy we Rene 3 sels p\Band C, Shas Me fg, Jrccomen 1 (Auauc) =n C4) +N Len (co) —RCanB) =n CAC) ~ 9 Leng -n(anenc). In general » DCA,WA WAU AN) = Zt) — zn avon) += ang mee EVA ainast- “Dray, Binks uel Sngintke ads: 1 Icke ed ara chs Pecks 8 pol camber 23, members , Boke AEB are also Lamon 05 Cormbote seh a Pe Loatay | RELA a spon anlage 1X ad 10h 2 d ics : Peat op Bok ey eee | A Bobsck Oo Pat ab Ride, Sr Rar os ae, DAA Four Ak op a Bulle act de bd Dene: Sa, a sek Dy net pins i tone apne v 4 Orbenbable Ket. See sails aclk © Leeks - | Azfouese> f A= due sek af all toliers Sas ause A=W Sel st, aN pols on a dane Raspalico op Yysrle ab: oa D Unison ef boo Gayle ele? 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NeAD= b [Pe cay) = abe RKAXAXQAKARY sabe by cet 1 A get thal Ras n elomankk orth thane aw Power Set auc obs Grdinal li a) 2, a. A power set Roo an empty Bek as aon chook I>. She power Sek eines empl Bek has only ove element wbicl & fle emypli Zeb. A: Sis Power set ey a sacle a B Reger Apslin Ss pewnutalicn aud Combinallcsa Ltn = aL WAS Relations - eye Srvere. vs op Rolabens — Pahal excl 9 awl Comper Fanckisns + | lente axed coubsially “8 a [Osrreafond Fan mobkplecation gules. [Ratalicas ¢ nn dyppikeo: A aclaliss R from a on ey Sek A inls a Sek B Sh a ubsek Of Bho ‘cartesian product AX. dat Az £%9,34 B= Lay, 65 Re F exad, C8999 \Si> z Caw), Caw), wf one the delokions | Bereta Se a Zeb og fi clawed of the erdosedl pas SO aradaltton Reoge: dp sso sel gp Heard ctevenk of, He erdocd jor SO oralaie Gamat: Gdomada eR a rclaticn “R Are a seb A tly a tet B in Bre ebcle set B. uk Ae F283 Ba Ly, 3% Re For, uy), we 4 S = f@5,6, OB /ON),4.39 | Aemdan AD. BRP — Rego c0* Lessa s | Bowar (92 GASP — Range > Pay, 3} tedlamein CRD = Be Frys? te ISD B= LSS, Gee ag ele. ene oetabin: yal R de a cubation, «acter edem. un Minka te ary ether lant of A, ea RM calod eoply rahalios . ham Sa sthan aa loo ma geo de tha pull: beokek | pek R dea Adalish » gelling on op” Tho, Hee Jo no yoabitil of, qetig Bee | Foor dhe. Rasa : RR ve Ran empty Wesversat Aglolicn: A saolien “R ah o RR ODA 7 urivewal delelan 3 cade eloneuk Of A le every chomenk 2, A- | Cid) RE AMA- - IRinc Wed quavenal ashalisn + Gdeutty Aoletiin A astelion Ro 4 Ya aac te fol Jdodily nodelisn = ead chomouk Of, Aa» I ne tament og Bee UE | sclabon- ab Ao nohalool cae | | : S $ aa ts » A 42) por oll ac | Ge) Re ta,a),' te 2 Sevens. aalalo,: uo Rote te et) from [gee A & @ Ack Pe Bie adele Toaise, acbellacn Sp R pom @ A Kuda Vole | wie $O,0 | ramer® Kin R Astensed mm ater A, a te tae Sopleuine ap fee AY shonenk eg laRa. CO (aaeR Naed- gyometie achalisn: adaliso : A bacony ~habio R R daguecl ou a dek A Aoscl bb bo agomelse IS ehomorte Ob CA faxd aRb => bRa. Ged wher AR, bRa CRN , [Peden sche "oe Aapind me a aA ented We be Tanda , ia) ER 2 Che ER DCAD ER, abceAr Qe aR, bRe =) ARe. Exgtclone aatatisn, A sclalion dadsied) ov o # epivalerca Jats youd ool ap ak ts [Aatleube, Speedie ad SRenaitine ak A ds said te ba an Artinmmaly slebia; oma ak A in dad te be A oataliios ankiarnmabne ah aRb aud bRa’ “he azb (ie) Far all Acber, Sf labJER & Chad ER, hea QAz=b. bot Rand S be too selatcns over the Kel A oud B fates ceelcon oh relations : ee Sie takewrctinn Of, the Salalion Ras o> Asfyuodl My Rng = F lob) Jake ana aSh5 uhae a@A, BER. Sh the palotons “R avd S$ ase dlaparect dy malian Mas Cag) & Ms * Chg]. We mata Og, Weds lnalanacctastinl 22> gees bey Mang 7 e% Ms Cag by] . whe ¢ dn pepgrmecl 5 clement wie mulliplicabes Lugo of, celebext : : She unten Oy, the salebens RUS Ve deposed ty RUS = flab) Jor. oo ales chad aaatbe®. “ = MgtMe = Cag tal. shoo ae 3, Abe elements un Caloulelac org Heo Aude ox 20, otal, AE \, tate. Dee Stra Aygeronce a ac notalane & Sop \ R\s = = {@db) [aR\o ord nok ash). gay =f tar) [St od aR} whee aen,bee ne Dyee a vein Ae 4 vegmmabout dys os “ad palahew Rand S fens Sina abs | Baputaod as Fr | 2 | RAS = ee (rns) | ae = ANS) v (s\R). ew ment Oh S. But relaliso | aneose. thar RK be Anmony) rolabice drabiree Nag eles A ond Be The Compliment 8) R | eves A and ln Me Benoyy alate deed a ae Sun] a inact rolotact bb LD | Qe not aRL | Iheae 2eA, be. Renton: oh, & See BeBe yele R Lew oo, (adhe as okt el Conran dessa Spree A, Rite A Fark RB dn R= Felons, ushus AGA, bER. zngyy Weed = Selly ee TA sutabiso R Melia 42 A ack B be collecl on empty Actehin 3H R= & Bra Vrivercl redalso Dalven seta A onde dancltd Quy U, ie the carorlac pieduct of, the Bele. U2 AX: VA geholin Rdepiucd on aiack A dr called Arg wa) tacay, — > |ybted A’ Fae AY, | patholo 2A 1 ag B= £177 B), a } 1oa dhe aclelicrs RRS ae dapend a R= ‘feo, co ite, Bay) pec fend rte, Cet; a9 © | f Mea, Rus = f (and, oe) (22, (519.603.1407 | *Ras = Ltn, ing ef 7 NE Mss Bh Ne" | AR = Po, CaP 3 meh sea al 1RAS & il tee lebba ieee Dat wb dF ps ta), (0,2), Ce), 6 i Bond raase e Pad, tag os asp R= $ ba), (29 L212, Wed} py sae 0) 2 Aaeabra wate? Iitc® rasropulpin. hep my ask fy fare yo, SSE, 8 vondy 2 be a gwlnbby. Quem BG, dpc sake. 2 Fim He grmpatia Randa, 48a oabion ‘conninting, Fh, SM atain (arg), where a en» cec St ushich Rene odhewd — gosnaks! bes atone RW (be) €8. We wend Re ee | leit omens Lok R be ww owlobion yuan {i a5.3y do 1, sand wbven bay Re {Crs1) «Clad sCesayca, nig Hak S be wo onabsilion Gon {hoa oasuy y, {e>ba} ond Qhwen tory 8= LUM Gry, Whod ub dro Companite of R ond 3- Sptubion: SoR=L OIG No N22)L338) (519 font gud guts ia binary oulsbion Ss a Sat P ud calited pirating eden swlation, vy, RD 4 onl ~ symmebiic ond GKronsibne - op 2" oy xpwiiok erdaning oh P, thon he ordered on (P>£) ue called porilindoy eudsed Sok pra \psoak ° / ev Teatty qudowd Sct (oi) stingy gulowd sete! uf LA CP, 2) be queer gen one ton! 'y ef) (wie? va’ atten of 2/y en Ye ARIE UN toltel Po. Sipe’ edeitng ‘or’, ondl!(P, 2) bead ‘0 Uptidty” wubaiod “atk O” Shnipiby®” Grlewd set Dee ol chitnivne. budnar’e at saluy £0) OT Ha. qrentan ‘Ron. 0 shpat, 30", owlation (2) sb 0. spoatiat., pBraening | Op IRR’ gab % Sinise yeaa aso or Se Sige we S. log OSB, bSo an a= bi Sse cankidsyynondlrue! 07 di) Ma sb, Ba Fan ode i Lenore S S "vo, sponse en ial hysak D soi 2 Asus. oP ee 2h hte ni Ae, inetunipn; oatahiby, ob, 0 spartan spanbal erdoning 9m , Ha power sok BB Op 8k Lok PCs) Ihe Re power shack of. . | Wed sok 8 aM Subs 8, tof} slour G) since BCA > vdbeowien Ger old Ae obtarb A Bs: => SS" db gratin’ a. , Ga BER 8 BER! yrony do'sahaly eo RE BSS el gy “amiinnrndsie + , Cc narkssued OVINE Boe Shee whore A> B5¢ oma ony ot, albads he: se" bo _suartiog Euan en e(s) onsk (ets? 2S) & o Example — 3! Ly Bsyenany ON Gitapie autoaatd dati SP ala Heros aaki eRe hye vinhegoss Gti ey | (2% > Uinidend, ub a qwrsk np, ne U) Since a Aivides a gor MM oO ex! Oriani 2 G | hab GO Boa Coids bonds divides ¢ 9 ® giutd Shiva Gi Lo disides ban” Bdisides 0 hye, Hot "dD ant Gayrembuc . | Lok xe Tondy Be ony’ chute ats; RB olah® BER Sy LB coled O Ganetley 3} dn sien eles Ama dh a unas “Wey such ARak Coyy eg: De > 5) thy Mia “con ossilba” Sk ons G2 FS. Hone x ub collind Re demos, ¢ ii ~ Senden. (93-8 Y. is -catiad: tha th ate [Sree Re pace CQ « _Fandhin ona obser Caled om gnapring” (er) ww $2: 8S Aged by Fos | x7 ub nen —Vve or alt wat amber - ; ! eee ; fee. BES kek ‘op ylang J TRa Umage SSL cena eg" eacactty | JRere halaman’s wu Yo usth & We mage e& adlleont ene HBaridny (ae BE Reages RID = UD="fEBey fx exh. RC) CY- isk a x—yopla ‘pinchibn!- Xs {eabsad Fe dench & % ond danced by. (+ sd tach @. fe dyer aon oe aie or ey | de > net of Qunchonens Det hop Jae amagen in 6. ‘cid, & Gunton,» aneh,, hs Aha, domain. on be a) alan Oy, Seippsin By, ss an\¥ 22 Ch)9 fot Fink ROP) 2 “examples 7 % fe gaan ub tira hy fod en Ha Sk” oa “bossa - Find te Rai ig” . 2 ° ; OST IALD, i : c $2) = C241 / £0) = GD*41=2 fo) = o+1=1 hesmees FO) = (41 52 FOYV=PEB, bon ter a - ia @s {rash Enon Sauna Rabie . LiF:R SR |is-¢¢ee) =oax4l 1 aoc sa!” 2x = 3 sd AG OES Aa ‘$5 Fizz bat « ene Mh fle) = etl, fond pol. ysilisnud, atne bv ! fCxys xt | Meoeez wm I+! and onlis Pe fds bypetoe and Rollie 6 Jy | Fle} = etl yrxtt wi ox =y-t $7'a) = y-t f7-' (ec) = oc~t iS once B® onapping $1 cc > yds cated onl (sumjpciie) Sg Re RCP) Y= offisaubs ab wn coded ante: : Eg: ik £:R-5R be darank bay $(s0) =a DF) =P ond R(F)cR S.f d> unte Qunction For ide 2 fasb sod} >. fra53} bo Aafirod bay 00) 21") eeey as ets) f(d) =3- pa aA RA a oars ents dunk Ne im con Romopping opi x => YB eathed Ga dbo one - {Oinjasting enace), db dithinct! wterahbs & One: umappasiil ante ° ‘ @iostingk “Womans QN- a AG Bleed vee, = 22 > ih. f: fast boo -d} ide RoByo?} Aha “iF = Me > GBD =oBsmnPle) =, 4(4) =3 pale go AT) Skhets ¢dahes'oudltemert ema * dp igdensat a SEQ of yz! So) be ‘Affine fad p wistrye og ali OQ) =) bak \ ie -1 spree Fe) : HFeo eT > =oca Ceipctine er ei y-) V1 cevtshonain) Basmayeings fi 4 cated 1-1 and Aq Ordie- Ge) BEY bel” a and ery, + auch, Ovarnagigting ub" ‘ain | coded ee comwanendan 7 hoduwer. he and y: ch £9: Te Qunalion Fences ee ye (witha Fos Ys FOB) = 2's EGey st ts VUE BY = FHL “dhde Bly - AM Me alemant GR Yond que —dindigt “ak ox Seno + “on “a =a. AM AAo alernas oon oy Hove meds Gn x—> ers: Qinback atin a - son, CO a Fay. i: RRIRIL bel afd BRS "SS 6 ee Bi cs f: Zz fhe sdiQinad. SEFC nar, ~ eMony de * Ena FO= FC“ = ~ “Head = Fay = =y ond So.en+ | Honea ff wintry op (oa, onan, Adartity caminggting 1 se gadis} ict) & ut ft cay pkg bak) Re Bia NBLIGA fix x ba jGafiineck bay (of (0) oui! Norex fa fb calted. _Saertiby Qumshion, « a Satie | merit oi toi cestunen te . inwrlly S e oweoe attin ATM Naha. olae 9, Punchinn- Ze | Fen £7" Ge, colted Ha Graeme ef. Ee ee W fiis investible WP Be yey ank nko: Gly oF fou: Bjedlion’ “Gast ase, Pan a Qunehion ey, gy 4! Se genain Fon BA: jEQ: The. endian. | fa for 3 “stead a Mok Flad=a,, F(by=9 ‘ond Ee =1 Angie and Ae. dnwerve Guna vb ghuan by §-' (a) =a; fs) = b ond “er Cyc. |EB lak Fr z— >z.bs such 4Rok flecd= oct] Bf Gniestbe and dak ub, | co what we, Bh dhyemres : : Getsdhens fipsaat A sy pc u FORDE EH SF wes B11 GRA onto ia > Unvebble - V tot - oF Vie 41 AY ; cagoan Smee azole ub Soa ee FI G)= K-15 He ez: | a | lt pia—se ond 9: Bsc be hi, - |sgenation. The, coins Blinchlon: Gop dared, By, Coot, oe ig = eu Poets : : -|oer. fi: RAB dans’ sag ah 2 BNP sce RE Mb idiot i “, 3 : Buh: Fe OU : el A LUe oe ; } Ci-e-) x = => x= ott = 3 och seat Ve a ae us ye Fer Le R tedemain’ 3; wc il Qik 9 ruimane un R demath ay peduse lee +. F ub anst ene: fie tex n) Since Zs» YoveRuy. Bf FOI= 75 oF Va) ee te Ya x Wh Vo +1 FEI-F Ud but 2b y. fb ata a Raskin s flak R bo ta Sok e& aM. man® wmumbeus anh FER —SR ba aoined by fcc) = 4x tS: for wry oc eR. 9-T 6 ub nnenkobte ond find ot) Setution : F() = yee 5 , Moke Wee R 5 we can Bind: x6 ub R aD wsimoge ToR . a ee. “Ok ud eb: - ~ Fle) = £ Ceca) Ye it5 = Yoo +S Wyory = tote, XL, =a foo} st =Sf is \-Vez 2) st) £7) esonls > Cea Coe) = ETS | Yo meeR- * |f(ad = eta , Qi) = E> an hice) = 32. Find gof> fog , fof, fohs hog , hot > fohog. Sebulion + gf = 9 (FE) = g(x+a) =xt+a-aax | \ | foo = F [9c] , . op cailay : i 14 Foy. ahel Begg bn? 9 vt ‘for =F (xt+a) =S¥ Feces) hate Se+atra=aty ‘if : peep fe) OO =se+a ° AST opaseiiony hep epee = h (eta) fers . = 8(x+a) _, . 2H = 30 +b cop = pty Fohog = FT (ocey}] - =F (htx-a3)/ =f (Sl-a)) =3}= (509! Ff Geet) 3, = Boe- b+Q = Beep

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