20BEE0359

SIMRAN GOEL

Experiment-1

Aim:
To test the ACB with different current setting and to plot IDMT Characteristics

Apparatus required

1. ACB Test kit

2. Wires

Precautions

1. Keep the MCB is in off condition

2. Keep the Power ON/OFF Switch is in off condition
3. Keep the Autotransformer is in Minimum Position
4. Check the ACB SPRING CHARGE STATUS in ACB front panel, the correct status is ACB is
fully charged & ‘ON’ Condition (Refer procedure in page number 25 ), in this condition the
breaker input & output indicator is in “ON” condition. If not manually ON the ACB using
procedure in page number 25

Procedure

1. Set the pick-up value of the current marked 2.5 A by inserting the plug in the groove.

2. Set the Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) initially at 1.0.

3. Switch ON the MCB
4. Switch ON the Power using Power ON/OFF Switch (IRS SWITCH)
5. Press the START Button
6. Apply current of 5A (Indicate the front panel ammeter) by Adjusting the Front panel
Autotransformer – (Now the disc in over current relay is rotate and relay may trip – but don’t
consider this function)
1. Now the fault current of 5A is set
2. Press Manual STOP Button
 3. Now the set up is ready for applying Fault current of 5A
4. Wait for some time to settle the DISC in over current relay in initial /
home position
7. After the disc settling in home position in relay then Press the START Button
8. Now the DISC in RELAY is start to rotate and relay is tripped after some time
9. Once the RELAY is tripped the following operation is automatically done
a. ACB is tripped
b. ACB Output indicator is Switched “OFF’
c. STOP CLOCK is automatically stopped and indicate the ACB / relay trip time , note
down this trip time in table
10. Manually switch ‘ON’ the ACB using procedure page number -----
11. Repeat the above procedure ( Procedure 1 to 9 ) with different PLUG Setting and Time setting
Multiplier

TABLE

S.N Applied Fault Calculated Measured TMS-Time PSM-Plug

Current in Amp tripping Time Tripping Time setting setting
in ms in ms multiplier multiplier
01
02
03 5A

06
07
08
 12. Draw graph Applied fault current Vs Measured tripping time- It gives IDMT Characteristics

Result :
As we increase the fault current by increasing the load, the
time taken for ACB to trip reduces.
This relation shows us the characteristics of the IDMT relay.
Here the time setting of the relay is kept constant.
Description

1. O/C RELAY: Used to Trip the ACB through this relay when Over current occurs

2. Relay current Input: O/C Relay manual current input

3. Stop Clock: used to measure relay/breaker tripping time measurement

4. Breaker input Indicator : used to indicate breaker input supply

5. ACB : 400A/3 POLE ACB

6. Current output terminals: 0-30A AC Current output

7. ACB Auxiliary contact : ‘NO’ & ‘NC” Contact of ACB

8. Autotransformer: Used to adjust the variable ac current of 0-30A AC (+/-5% Variation)

9. OFF Button – ACB Manual OFF switch

10. ON Button – ACB Manual ON switch

11. Breaker Output Indicator : used to indicate breaker output supply

12. SPRING CHARGE HANDLE – Used IN ACB – Refer notes-1 in page number ----

13. RESET SWITCH – Used to reset the stop clock

14. START Button – Used to “ON” / start the ATTM Circuit

15. STOP Button – Used to “OFF” / STOP the ATTM Circuit - manual

16. INDICATOR – Used to indicate the trip coil ON status

17. START BUTTON – Used for MANUAL ENERGIZING of trip coil (230VAC)

18. MCB – Used to ON/OFF the control circuit supply

19. Banana Connector – O/C Relay Auxiliary contacts ( not in used)

20. POWER ON switch - Used to ON/OFF the control circuit supply – same function in

MCB

21. AMMETER – Used to indicate the Relay input current

Over current Relay

Principle of the Construction and Operation of the Electromechanical IDMT Relay

As the name implies, it is a relay monitoring the current, and has inverse characteristics with respect to
the currents being monitored. This (electromechanical) relay is without doubt one of the most popular
relays used on medium- and low-voltage systems for many years, and modern digital relays'
characteristics are still mainly based on the torque characteristic of this type of relay. Hence, it is
worthwhile studying the operation of this relay in detail to understand its characteristics
The current I 1 from the line CTs, sets up a magnetic flux A and also induces a current I 2 in the
secondary winding which in turn sets up a flux in B. Fluxes A and B are out of phase thus
producing a torque in the disk causing it to rotate. Now, speed is proportional to braking torque,
and is proportional to driving torque. Therefore, speed is proportional to I 2.

But, Hence,
This therefore gives an inverse characteristic (see Figure). It can be seen that the operating time
of an IDMTL relay is inversely proportional to a function of current, i.e. it has a long operating
time at low multiples of setting current and a relatively short operating...

The torque of these relays is proportional to f1f2 Sina, where f1 and f2 are the two fluxes and a is

the angle between them. Where both the fluxes are produced by the same quantity (single

quantity relays) as in the case of current or voltage operated, the torque T is proportional to I2, or

T = K I2, for coil current below

saturation. If the core is made to saturate at very early stages such that with increase of I, K

decreases so that the time of operation remains the same over the working range. The time -

current characteristic obtained is known as definite –time characteristic.

If the core is made to saturate at a later stage, the characteristic obtained is known as IDMT. The

time-current characteristic is inverse over some range and then after saturation assumes the

definite time form. In order to ensure selectivity, it is essential that the time of operation of the

relays should be dependent on the severity of the fault in such a way that more severe the fault,

the less is the time to operate,this being called the inverse-time characteristic. This will also
ensure that a relay shall not operate under normal overload conditions of short duration. It is

essential also that there shall be a definite minimum time of operation, which can be adjusted to

suit the requirements of the particular installation. At low values of operating current the shape

of the curve is determined by the effect of the restraining force of the control spring, while at

high values the effect of saturation predominates. Different time settings can be obtained by

moving a knurled clamping screw along a calibrated scale graduated from 0.1 to 1.0 in steps of

0.05. This arrangement is called Time Multiplier Setting and will vary the travel of the disc

required to close the contacts. This will shift the time-current characteristic of the relay parallel

to itself. By delaying the saturation to a further point, the Very Inverse and Extremely Very

Inverse time current characteristics can be obtained

IDMT Over current relay

Make ALSTOM

Current setting 2.5A to 10A

Contacts “NO” & “NC” Contacts

 EARTH FAULT PROTECTION FOR A 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
USING AIR CICRCUIT BREAKER
Ex.No : 6 Date: 24/10/23

20BEE0359
SIMRAN GOEL

Aim:
To perform the Earth fault protection for a three phase induction motor using Air
Circuit Breaker.
Apparatus:
S.N Name Quantity
1 3 Phase Induction Motor 1
2 Air circuit breaker with Earth fault relay Kit 1

3 Resistive load (0 – 10)A 1

4 patch chords As req

Theory
CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect

an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic

function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately

discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be

replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume

normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that

protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect

high voltage circuits feeding an entire city

OPERATION

All circuit breakers have common features in their operation, although details vary

substantially depending on the voltage class, current rating and type of the circuit

breaker. The circuit breaker must detect a fault condition; Circuit breakers for large

currents or high voltages are usually arranged with pilot devices to sense a fault

current and to operate the trip opening mechanism. The trip solenoid that releases

the latch is usually energized by a separate AC/DC Source, although some high-

voltage circuit breakers are self-contained with current transformers, protection

relays, and an internal control power source.

Once a fault is detected, contacts within the circuit breaker must open to

interrupt the circuit; some mechanically-stored energy (using something such as

springs or compressed air) contained within the breaker is used to separate the

contacts, although some of the energy required may be obtained from the fault

current itself. Small circuit breakers may be manually operated, larger units have

solenoids to trip the mechanism, and electric motors to restore energy to the springs.

The circuit breaker contacts must carry the load current without excessive

heating, and must also withstand the heat of the arc produced when interrupting

(opening) the circuit. Contacts are made of copper or copper alloys, silver alloys,

and other highly conductive materials. Service life of the contacts is limited by the

erosion of contact material due to arcing while interrupting the current. Miniature
and molded case circuit breakers are usually discarded when the contacts have worn,

but power circuit breakers and high-voltage circuit breakers have replaceable

contacts.

When a current is interrupted, an arc is generated. This arc must be contained,

cooled, and extinguished in a controlled way, so that the gap between the contacts

can again withstand the voltage in the circuit. Different circuit breakers use vacuum,

air, insulating gas, or oil as the medium the arc forms in. Different techniques are

used to extinguish the arc including:

Tabulation:
SL.NO SET CURRENT APPLIED FAULT TRIPPING STATUS
CURRENT
Result: