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Experiment No. 5 Determination of Chlorides Ion (CL) in Drinking Water. Theory

This document describes an experiment to determine the concentration of chloride ions in drinking water. The experiment involves titrating a water sample with mercuric nitrate solution until the solution turns purple. The volume of titrant used is then used to calculate the chloride ion concentration in mg/L. The results found a chloride concentration of 2.99 mg/L in the tap water sample, which is below the standard value of 250 mg/L for drinking water. Therefore, the summary concludes the tap water was determined to be drinkable.

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Usman Subhani
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38 views3 pages

Experiment No. 5 Determination of Chlorides Ion (CL) in Drinking Water. Theory

This document describes an experiment to determine the concentration of chloride ions in drinking water. The experiment involves titrating a water sample with mercuric nitrate solution until the solution turns purple. The volume of titrant used is then used to calculate the chloride ion concentration in mg/L. The results found a chloride concentration of 2.99 mg/L in the tap water sample, which is below the standard value of 250 mg/L for drinking water. Therefore, the summary concludes the tap water was determined to be drinkable.

Uploaded by

Usman Subhani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M Usman Subhani (20-CE-92)

Experiment No. 5

DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDES ION (CL-1) IN DRINKING WATER.

Theory

Chloride is a naturally occurring chemical element that is abundant in most natural bodies of water,
usually existing as a constituent of salt such as sodium chloride or combined with other elements like
potassium or calcium. Groundwater can contain chloride from various sources, such as the breakdown of
soil, geological formations with salt, salt spray deposition, road de-icing salt, wastewater, and in coastal
regions, the intrusion of saltwater into fresh groundwater reserves.

For human health, chloride is an essential nutrient that is mainly obtained from food, with drinking
water contributing only a small fraction to the normal dietary intake. The presence of chloride ions is
ubiquitous in water, including mineral water, which contains varying concentrations of chloride.
Contrary to popular belief, the taste of water cannot be used to determine the concentration of chloride
ions. Instead, the concentration of cations bound to the chloride ion should be assessed to determine its
overall effect on water quality.

Sources

 Domestic waste entering water bodies can lead to an elevation in salt concentration and
subsequently an increase in chloride ion levels.
 The infiltration of seawater can cause an upsurge in salt concentration and a subsequent rise in
chloride ion concentration.
 Industries involved in salt production, salt-based product manufacturing, material treatment
with salt, and lather formation can cause an elevation in salt concentration and a subsequent
increase in chloride ion concentration when their waste enters water bodies.
 Chloride, a chemical element present in sodium chloride (table salt/sea salt), is also found in
various vegetables such as seaweed, rye, tomatoes, lettuce, celery, and olives. These foods
possess relatively high levels of chloride.

Significance of Chloride Ion

Chloride ions play a crucial role in several important bodily functions, which include:

 Maintaining suitable pH levels by promoting the production of stomach acid that aids in
digestion.
 Facilitating the proper functioning of nerve and muscle cells.
 Assisting in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide within cells.
 Regulating the balance of fluids and the movement of various nutrients into and out of cells.

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M Usman Subhani (20-CE-92)

Methods

1. Mohr’s method
2. Mercuric nitrate method

Reagents

1. Diphenyl carbazone (mixed indicator)


2. Nitric acid (Buffer Sol.)
3. Xylene cyanol (mixed indicator)
4. Mercuric nitrate (titrant)

Apparatus

1. Buret
2. Cylindrical flask.
3. Beaker
4. Conical/ titration flask

Procedure

1. You took a 50 ml sample of tap water and placed it into a conical flask.
2. You added 1-2 ml of nitric acid and mixed indicator to the sample. The colour of the indicator
showed that the pH was greater than 3.8, appearing as blue.
 If pH < 2.3, color will be green.
 If 2.3< pH<3.8, color will be bluish green.
 If pH>3.8, color will be blue.
3. Using a titration process, you added 0.0141 N mercuric nitrate until the solution turned purple.
4. After completing the titration, you stopped and recorded the amount of titrant used.

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M Usman Subhani (20-CE-92)

Formula

Cl- (mg/l) = [ (A-B) * N * equivalent of Cl-1 ] * 1000 / ml of sample

Where,

A = volume of titrant used for sample, B = volume of titrant used for blank or distilled water.

Observations

Distilled water

T1 = 39.3, T2 = 39.6

Tap water.

T1 = 39.6, T2 = 40.2

Calculations

A= 40.2-39.6 = 0.6

B= 39.6- 39.3 = 0.3

Cl- = [ (0.6-0.3) * 0.0141 * 35.4] * 1000 / 50

Cl- = 2.99 mg/l

Results & Recommendations

Cl- = 2.99 mg/l < 250 mg/l

According to the PUNJAB GAZETTE, standard value of chloride ion should be less than 250mg/l for
drinking water.

It is less than 250mg/l, so the tap water is drinkable.

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