[MAA 1.11-1.

12] COMPLEX NUMBERS (CARTESIAN FORM)

SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

CARTESIAN FORM
O. Practice questions
1. (a)   16
8  4i
(b) z   4  2i
2
(c ) ( z  4  2i)( z  4  2i) = ( z  4) 2  4i 2 = ( z  4) 2  4

2. (a)   144
8  12i 8 12 3
z   i  1 i
8 8 8 2
3 3 b 8
(b) (i) S= 1  i + 1  i  2 and    2
2 2 a 4
2
 3   3  2 3  9 13 c 13
(ii) S=  1  i  + 1  i   1   i   1   and 
 2   2   
2 4 4 a 4

3. (a) (i) z1  z2  13  9i ,

(ii) z2  z1  7  i

(iii) z1 z2  (3  4i)(10  5i)  30  15i  40i  20  10  55i

z2 10  5i 10  5i 3  4i 50  25i
(iv)      2i
z1 3  4i 3  4i 3  4i 25

(b) (i) z12  (3  4i) 2  9  24i  16  7  24i

(ii) z13  (3  4i)3  33  3  32  4i  3  3   4i    4i 

2 3

 27  108i  144  64i  117  44i

(OR (3  4i) 2 (3  4i)  ( 7  24i) (3  4i)  117  44i )

(c) (i) z1  5 ,

(ii) z2  125  5 5 ,
(iii) z2  z1  50  5 2

 3i 
2
4. (a) (1  i 3) 2  12  2 3i   2  2 3i

 
(b) (1  i 3)3  (1  i 3) 2 (1  i 3)  2  2i 3 (1  i 3)  2  6  2i 3  2i 3  8
5. (a) a  2  7  a  9
b 1  3  b  4
(b) c  2  0  c  2
d 1  0  d  1
6. The final result is 3+i

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A. Exam style questions (SHORT)
i(i  3 ) i(i  3 )  5  i 3 5 i 3
7. z=1+ =1+ = = 
(i – 3 )(i  3 ) –4 4 4 4
8.

OR

9. z=
2

1  i  + 1 –4i = 1 + i + 1 – 4i = 2 – 3i
1 – i  1  i 
z2= (2 – 3i)2 = –5 – 12i (or x = –5, y = –12)

10. 2(p + iq) = q – ip –2(1 – i)

2p = q – 2
2q = –p + 2
p = –0.4, q = 1.2
11. (a  i ) (2 – bi)  7 – i  2a – abi  2i – bi 2  7 – i
 2a – abi  2i  b  7 – i
Equating real and imaginary parts
2a + b = 7
2 – ab = –1  ab = 3
Substitution  2a 2 – 7 a  3  0  a = 3 or a = 1/2 (rejected).
Therefore,  a  3 and b  1
12. (a + bi)(2 – i) = (5 – i)
(5  i) 11 3 11 3
(a + bi) = =  i (using a GDC). Therefore a = ,b=
(2 – i) 5 5 5 5

(5  i) (2  i) 10  5i – 2i  1 11  3i 11 3
OR a + bi =  =  Therefore a = ,b=
(2 – i) (2  i) 4 1 5 5 5
OR (a + bi)(2 – i) = (5 – i)
(2a + b) + (2b – a)i = (5 – i)

2a + b = 5
11 3
–a + 2b = –1 Therefore a = ,b=
5 5

2
13. Let z = x + iy
(1 – i)(x + iy) = 1 – 3i
x + y – i(x – y) = 1 – 3i
x  y  1
  x = 2, y = –1
x  y  3
OR
1  3i 1  3i 1  i
(1 – i)z = 1 – 3i z = z =  z = 2 – i
1– i 1– i 1 i

14. i(z + 2) = 1 – 2z  (2 + i)z = 1 – 2i

1  2i 1  2i 2  i  5i
z= =  = = –i. (a = 0, b = –1)
2i 2i 2–i 5

15. METHOD 1
By rationalizing we obtain

16.

17. (a) 4+i (b) 3+i

18. Let z  a  bi , so z *  a  bi
2
z  a 2  b2  20

25 15 25(a  bi)  15(a  bi)

  1  8i   1  8i
a  bi a  bi a 2  b2

10a 40b
1 a  2 and   8  b  4
20 20
Therefore, z  2  4i

3
19.

20.

21. Let z = x + iy , x, y  .
Then, z + 162 = 16z + 12
  (x + 16)2 + y2 = 16{(x + 1)2 + y2}
 x2 + 32x + 256 + y2 = 16x2 + 32x + 16 + 16y2
 15x2 + 15y2 = 240
 x2 + y2 = 16
Therefore, z = 4.

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POLYNOMIALS

O. Practice questions

22. (a) f (1)  1  3  7  5  0

(b) z  1  2i , z  1  2i
(c)  z  1 ,  z  1  2i  ,  z  1  2i 
f ( z )   z  1  z  1  2i   z  1  2i    z  1  z  1  4   z  1  z 2  2 z  5 
2
(d)
 

23. (a) 1+2i, 1–2i, 1, 2

 z  1  2i   z  1  2i    z  1
2
(b)  4i 2  z 2  2 z  5

(c) f ( z )  2( z 2  3 z  2)( z 2  2 z  5)  2 z 4  10 z 3  26 z 2  38 z  20
b 10
(d) Sum = 1  2  1  2i  1  2i  5 , S    5
a 2
e 20
Product = 1 2  (1  2i)  (1  2i)  2  (1  4)  10 , P    10
a 2
24. (a) f (1)  0  2  a  26  b  20  0  a  b  48

f (2)  0  32  8a  104  2b  20  0  8a  2b  156  4a  b  78

we find a = –10 and b = –38

(b) Divide f ( z ) by ( z  1)( z  2)  z 2  3 z  2 and get 2 z 2  4 z  10  2( z 2  2 z  5)
with roots 1+2i, 1–2i

25. The two roots 1+2i, 1–2i give the factor z 2  2 z  5

Divide by z 2  2 z  5 and get z 2  3 z  2 with roots 1, 2

26. Factorization finally gives f ( z )  a ( z 4  5 z 3  13 z 2  19 z  10)

But f ( 1)  96  48a  96  a  2

Hence f ( z )  2 z 4  10 z 3  26 z 2  38 z  20

A. Exam style questions (SHORT)

27. If (z + 2i) is a factor then (z – 2i) is also a factor. (z + 2i)(z – 2i) = (z2 + 4)
The other factor is (2z3 – 3z2 + 8z – 12) ÷ (z2 + 4) = (2z – 3)
The other two factors are (z – 2i) and (2z–3).

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28. METHOD 1
If z  3  2i is a root, then z  3  2i is another.
P ( z )  ( z  2)  z  (3  2i)   z  (3  2i) 

 ( z  2)  z 2  (3  2i) z  (3  2i) z  13

 ( z  2)( z 2  6 z  13)  z 3  8 z 2  25 z  26
a  8 b  25 c  26

METHOD 2
0  8  4a  2b  c
0  9  46i  a (5  12i)  b (3  2i)  c
9  5a  3b  c and 46  12 a  2b
solving system of three equations a  8 b  25 c  26
29.

B. Exam style questions (LONG)

30. (a) (1 + i)2 = 1 + 2i + i2= 2i

(b) (1 + i)4n
Let P(n) be the proposition: (1 + i)4n = (–4)n
We must first show that P(1) is true.
(1 + i)4 = ((1 + i)2)2 = (2i)2= 4(i)2 = (–4)1
+
Next, assume that for some k e
P(k) is true, then show that P(k +1) is true.
P(k):(1 + i)4k = (–4)k
Now, (1 + i)4(k+1) = (1 + i)4k (1 + i)4
= (–4)k (–4) = (–4)k+1
+
Therefore, by mathematical induction P(n) is true for all n 
(c) (1 + i)32 = (1 + i)4(8) = (–4)8 = 65536

31. theoretical
32. theoretical