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Interaction Styles

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28 views

Interaction Styles

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subhashm.dasari
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ExS}interaction Styles * Interaction jis a dialog between the computer and the user. Types of common interface styles are as follows : 1, Command line interface ‘ 2. Menus 3. Natural language 4. Question/answer and query dialog 5. Form-fills and spreadsheets __ 6. WIMP - 7. Point and click iv 8. Three-dimensional interfaces 4. Command line interface : . It provides a means of expresing instructions to the computer directly, using fanccn keys, single characters, abbreviations or whole - - word commands. In some systems it is the only way of communicating with the system, e.g. remote access using telnet. Interaction between user and computer where user input series of command. lines into program. L 2. Menus : . SNR a ell topped a en, wd wnat wang tne numeric or alphabetic keys. These visible options rely on recognition rather than recall, but still need to be meaningful and ‘logically grouped:-Menus may be nested hierarchically, with the grouping and naming of menu options the only cue for finding the required F . ' Sie ai, 3. Natural language : . Reena ieasetata Vso yery fcuk fora caachine, fonder: Tt is ambiguous, syntactically and semantically. It is difficult to provide the machine with context. _ 4, Question/answer, query dialogue : is ° Question/asiswer dialogue isa simple mechanism for providing input to an application spectic domakn, The user is asked a series of questions and is led through the inteacioe usc) came caeaeumuoammmcmant aac Human’ Interaction 3 5. Form-fills and spreadsheets : emnbles @ - «ed prot foc dt ry but alo ook at ele Th =D ls paper form with sts ol i,t may be based on an aca fm which Or familiar. gid . Sprendaees area sopissted vraton of fori iting, The wpreadehn COMPS! S ‘of calls, each of which can contain a value or a formula. ‘6. WIMP . WIMP stands for Windows, cos, Menus and Pointers and isthe default interface style for the majoity of interactive computer systems in use today, especially inthe PC and desop workstation arena. Examples of WIMP interfaces include Microsoft Windows for IBM FC compatibles, MacOS for Apple Macintosh compatibles and various X Windows-based systems for UNIX 7. Point and click ; . . The pointand- An analysis of "Catry Me" airlines conversational data, a fictitious name for an airline, based on real data, showed that questions about baggage are one of the more frequen, “topics, however, when we drill down, it's possible to see that customers use “baggage” arq © ‘Luggage is’ much more likely to refer to carry-on bags. This type of information is tremendously useful when building an NLI app that is sensitive to the expectations of Customers. «This is where analysis on unstructured data using NLI comes into its own because human {intuitions about conversational data are often wrong. Businesses need the facts that NLI provides to guide them, otherwise enterprises risk misunderstanding the voice of the ‘Customer. © It allows enterprises to create advanced dialogue systems that utilize memory, personal preferences, and contextual understanding to deliver a proactive natural language interface. Natural language interaction removes the need for your customers to know and ‘understand your terminology. * The deep understanding that Natural language interaction delivers gives enterprises the {information they need to deliver a superior customer experience and have'a positive impact ‘on their bottom line. . {In interface design, natural-language interfaces are sought after for their speed and ease of use utmost suter the challenges to understanding wide varieties of ambiguous input. Ss Natural «language interfaces are an active area of study in the field of atial-langiiagé ‘processing and computational linguistics. An intuitive general natural-language interface is ‘one ofthe active goals ofthe Semantic Web. : * An important problem in -Natural "Language Generation {NLG) is obtaining and . Teptesenting in the system the knowledge required producing texts. This inchudes thé Knowledge from which texts are generated. and linguistic lnowledge required to produce the texts , * In some cae, information produced by HCI researchers or practitioners can be exploited {in this way for NLG systems. For example, task models can be exploited to: generate documentation and on-line help: They can provide both the information to'be incided in ‘the tes and guide the structure ofthe texts o be generated, % ee nc Numan | Interaction, 1M Fenmdtions of WOE of WIMP + WIMP stands for windows, icons, menus and pointers and is the default interface style for the majority of interactive compute’ systems in tse today, espedally in the PC and deskiop workstation arena . Examphes of WIMP interfaces include Microsoft Windows for IBM PC compatibles, MacOS for Apple Macintosh compatibles anc! various X Windows-based systems for UND. 7 Biements of the WIMP interfaces are called widgets, and they comprise the toolldt for interaction between user and system. 4. Windows *+ (Windows are areas of the screen that act like individual terminals for an application, Betuurof windows determined bythe system's window manage. + Fig 19.1 shows parts of windows. Fig. 1.9.1 Parts of windows - 7” Windows can contain text, graphics, menus, toolbars, etc. t can be moved, resized, closed, - 7 layout. Policy : Multiple windows may exist sintuHaneously. Physical arrangement ‘etermined by the window manager's layout policy. 7 Fees a fet sewer Possible layouts include : 1. Overlapping - ee ay cence entthe: 2 Tiled -Adjoin but don’t overlap 3 Cascading - ~ A sequence with each window offset from the preceding according to arule Minimize button Mazimize button Application icon Title bar | , button 43] About Windows _=/5] x} Bile Edit View Menu bar Vertical scroll bar Sizing border Client area Honzontal scrol| bar “Hyman Comper Fotersction 1-35 _Fowndations of WO Zleon 77h saat picture is used to represent a closed window, and this representation is known as amicon + Qrona are signs and representa significant degree of cognitive complexity. & good design ficons is important. «Fig. 1.9.2 shows various icon. * Diskdrives + Folders Fig. 1.9.2 leone, +A welldesigned icon improves the user experience, Ain ie unertn age pe ce DD eae ‘but results in frustrating user experiences. © Theact of reduc Be crrib eis eaied Borkiyag Oe muvtaicing: “Awindow may De restored by clicking onts icon © Advantages of icons : ° > Serve as a reminder of available dialogs, applications, or commands that maj be restored or invoked » 3. Menu ee + Armen presents a choice of opérations or services that cam be performed by the system at 0 grentime: + Menus afford access to sytem functionality Mera option toe cancer of wr. 78 ot _ data such a8 images or symbols. ~ “= rea greiner non ote 380 Goel wed es _ ple ot te tof Tse ts can be ordered ot : ee ee functions ¢an be simultaneously displayed. = ae: _-

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