VECHILE PARKING SYSTEM

A project report submitted for the fulfilment of

ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
Submitted by
P.VISHNU

Under the guidance of

MRS. CH. SARANYA
PGT COMPUTER SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

JNV WARANGAL
WARANGAL
TELANGANA
MARCH-2024
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
JNV WARANGAL
WARANGAL
TELANGANA
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “PROJECT NAME” is a bonafied record of work carried out
by ..........................submitted in partial fulfillment of All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination
2023-2024

INTERNAL EXAMINER PRINCIPAL

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of me, the success of any project depends largely on
the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express
my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion
of this project.
I express deep sense of gratitude to almighty God for giving me strength for
the successful completion of the project.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to my parents for constant encouragement
while carrying out this project.
 I gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the individuals who contributed in
bringing this project up to this level, who continues to look after me despite my flaws,
I express my deep sense of gratitude to the luminary The Principal I/C, who has
been continuously motivating and extending their helping hand to us.
I am overwhelmed to express my thanks to The Administrative Officer for
providing me an infrastructure and moral support while carrying out this project in the
school.
My sincere thanks to Mrs. Chattumala Saranya, Master In-charge, A guide,
Mentor all the above a friend, who critically reviewed my project and helped in
solving each and every problem, occurred during implementation of the project
The guidance and support received from all the members who contributed
and who are contributing to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am
grateful for their constant support and help.

Sincerely,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SI.NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION

2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

 3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

4 REQUIREMENTS
5 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
CYCLE

6 PHASES OF SDLC

7 TESTING
8 SOURCE CODE
9 OUTPUT
10 REFERENCES

• INTRODUCTION

This is a project based on Parking Management. The programhelps us to enter,

display or alter the details of vehicles in parkingrecords.Moreover & most
importantly the program helps us The programalso helps us to know the present
status of a parking detail,vehicle detail etc.It includes various function programs to
do the above mentionedtasks.Data file handling has been effectively used in the
program.The database is a collection of interrelated data to serve
multipleapplications. That is database programs create files ofinformation. So we
see that files are worked with most, inside theprogram.DBMSThe software
required for the management of data is called asDBMS. It has 3 models
• Relation model
• Hierarchical model
• Network model
RELATIONAL MODEL It’s based on the concept on relation.
Relation is the table that consists of rows and columns. The rows
of the table are called tuple and the columns of the table arecalled attribute.
Numbers of rows in the table is called ascardinality. Number of columns in the
table is called as degree.HIERARCHICAL MODEL: In this type of model, we have
multiplerecords for each record. A particular record has one parentrecord. No
chide record can exist without parent record. In this,the records are organized in
tree (like structureNETWORK MODEL:- In this, the data is represented by
collectionof records and relationship is represented by (ink or
association.CHARACTERISTICS OF DB MS: -
• It reduces the redundancy
• Reduction of data in inconsistency
• Data sharing
• Data standardization
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FILES: -BASED ON ACCESS:-
• Sequential file
• Serial file
• Random (direct access) file BASED ON STORAGE:
-
• Text file
• Binary File

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to let the students apply the programming

knowledge into a real- world situation/problem and exposed the students how

programming skills helps in developing a good software.

 • Write programs utilizing modern software tools.

• Apply object oriented programming principles effectively when developing small

to medium sized projects.

• Write effective procedural code to solve small to medium sized problems.

• Students will demonstrate a breadth of knowledge in computer science, as

exemplified in the areas of systems, theory and software development.

• Students will demonstrate ability to conduct a research or applied Computer

Science project, requiring writing and presentation skills which exemplify

scholarly style in computer science.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Today one cannot afford to rely on the fallible human beings of be really wants to

stand against today’s merciless competition where not to wise saying “to err is

human” no longer valid, it’s outdated to rationalize your mistake. So, to keep pace with
time, to bring about the best result without malfunctioning and greater efficiency so to

replace the unending heaps of flies with a much sophisticated hard disk of the

computer.

One has to use the data management software. Software has been an ascent in

atomization various organisations. Many software products working are now in markets,

which have helped in making the organizations work easier and efficiently. Data

management initially had to maintain a lot of ledgers and a lot of paper work has to be
done but now software product on this organization has made their work faster and

easier. Now only this software has to be loaded on the computer and work can be done.

This prevents a lot of time and money. The work becomes fully automated and

any information regarding the organization can be obtained by clicking the button.

Moreover, now it’s an age of computers of and automating such an organization gives

the better look.

4. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

I.OPERATING SYSTEM : WINDOWS 10 AND ABOVE

II. PROCESSOR : PENTIUM(ANY) OR AMD

ATHALON(3800+- 4200+ DUAL CORE)

III. MOTHERBOARD : 1.845 OR 915,995 FOR PENTIUM 0R MSI

K9MM-V VIA K8M800+8237R PLUS CHIPSET

FOR AMD ATHALON

IV. RAM : 4GB

V. Hard disk : SATA 40 GB OR ABOVE

VI. CD/DVD r/w multi drive combo: (If back up required)

VIII. MONITOR 14.1 or 15 -17 inch

IX. Key board and mouse

X. Printer : (if print is required – [Hard copy])

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

• Windows OS
• Python
• mysql

5. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

The systems development life cycle is a project management technique that

divides complex projects into smaller, more easily managed segments or phases.
Segmenting projects allows managers to verify the successful completion of project
phases before allocating resources to subsequent phases.
Software development projects typically include initiation, planning, design,
development, testing, implementation, and maintenance phases. However, the phases
may be divided differently depending on the organization involved.
For example, initial project activities might be designated as request,
requirements-definition, and planning phases, or initiation, concept-development, and
planning phases. End users of the system under development should be involved in
reviewing the output of each phase to ensure the system is being built to deliver the
needed functionality.

6. PHASES OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

INITIATION PHASE

The Initiation Phase begins when a business sponsor identifies a need or an

opportunity.

The purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:

• Identify and validate an opportunity to improve business accomplishments of the

organization or a deficiency related to a business need.
• Identify significant assumptions and constraints on solutions to that need.
• Recommend the exploration of alternative concepts and methods to satisfy the
need including questioning the need for technology, i.e., will a change in the
business process offer a solution?
• Assure executive business and executive technical sponsorship. The Sponsor
designates a Project Manager and the business need is documented in a
Concept Proposal. The Concept Proposal includes information about the
business process andthe relationship to the Agency/Organization.
 • Infrastructure and the Strategic Plan. A successful Concept Proposal results in a
Project Management Charter which outlines the authority of the project manager
to begin
the project.

Careful oversight is required to ensure projects support strategic business

objectives and resources are effectively implemented into an organization's enterprise
architecture. The initiation phase begins when an opportunity to add, improve, or correct
a system is identified and formally requested through the presentation of a business
case. The business case should, at a minimum, describe a proposal’s purpose, identify
expected benefits, and explain how the proposed system supports one of the
organization’s business strategies. The business case should also identify alternative
solutions and detail as many informational, functional, and network requirements as
possible.

SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT PHASE

The System Concept Development Phase begins after a business need or opportunity
is validated by the Agency/Organization Program Leadership and the
Agency/Organization CIO.

The purpose of the System Concept Development Phase is to:

• Determine the feasibility and appropriateness of the alternatives.

• Identify system interfaces.
• Identify basic functional and data requirements to satisfy the business need.
• Establish system boundaries; identify goals, objectives, critical success factors,
and performance measures.
• Evaluate costs and benefits of alternative approaches to satisfy the basic
functional requirements
• Assess project risks
• Identify and initiate risk mitigation actions, andDevelop high-level technical
architecture, process models, data models, and a concept of operations. This
phase explores potential technical solutions within the context of the business
 need.
• It may include several trade-off decisions such as the decision to use COTS
software products as opposed to developing custom software or reusing software
components, or the decision to use an incremental delivery versus a complete,
onetime deployment.
• Construction of executable prototypes is encouraged to evaluate technology to
support the business process. The System Boundary Document serves as an
important reference document to support the Information Technology Project
Request (ITPR) process.
• The ITPR must be approved by the State CIO before the project can move
forward.

PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF SDLC:

PLANNING PHASE

The planning phase is the most critical step in completing development,

acquisition, and maintenance projects. Careful planning, particularly in the early stages
of a project, is necessary to coordinate activities and manage project risks effectively.
The depth and formality of project plans should be commensurate with the
characteristics and risks of a given project. Project plans refine the information gathered
during the initiation phase by further identifying the specific activities and resources
required to complete a project.
A critical part of a project manager’ sjob is to coordinate discussions between
user, audit, security, design, development, and network personnel to identify and
document as many functional, security, and network requirements as possible. During
this phase, a plan is developed that documents the approach to be used and includes a
discussion of methods, tools, tasks, resources, project schedules, and user input.
Personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, and target dates are established.
A Project Management Plan is created with components related to acquisition
planning, configuration management planning, quality assurance planning, concept of
operations, system security, verification and validation, and systems engineering
management planning.

REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS PHASE

This phase formally defines the detailed functional user requirements using high-
level requirements identified in the Initiation, System Concept, and Planning phases. It
also delineates the requirements in terms of data, system performance, security, and
maintainability requirements for the system. The requirements are defined in this phase
to alevel of detail sufficient for systems design to proceed. They need to be measurable,
testable, and relate to the business need or opportunity identified in the Initiation Phase.
The requirements that will be used to determine acceptance of the system are captured
in the Test and Evaluation MasterPlan.

The purposes of this phase are to:

• Further define and refine the functional and data requirements and document
them in the Requirements Document,
• Complete business process reengineering of the functions to be supported (i.e.,
verify what information drives the business process, what information is
generated, who generates it, where does the information go, and who processes
it),
• Develop detailed data and process models (system inputs, outputs, and the
 process.
• Develop the test and evaluation requirements that will be used to determine
acceptable system performance.

DESIGN PHASE

The design phase involves converting the informational, functional, and network
requirements identified during the initiation and planning phases into unified design
specifications that developers use to scriptprograms during the development phase.
Program designs are c onstructed in various ways. Using a top-down approach,
designers first identify and link majorprogram components and interfaces, then expand
design layouts as they identify and link smaller subsystems and connections. Using a
bottom-up approach, designers first identify and link minor program components and
interfaces, then expand design layouts as they identify and link larger systems and
connections. Contemporary design techniques often use prototyping tools that build
mock-up designs of items such as application screens, database layouts, and system
architectures. End users, designers, developers, database managers, and network
administrators should review and refine the prototyped designs in an iterative process
until they agree on an acceptable design. Audit, security, and quality assurance
personnel should be involved in the review and approval process. During this phase, the
system is designed to satisfy the functional requirements identified in the previous
phase. Since problems in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later
stage of the software development, a variety of elements are considered in the design
to mitigate risk. These include:

• Identifying potential risks and defining mitigating design features.

• Performing a security risk assessment.
• Developing a conversion plan to migrate current data to the new system.
• Determining the operating environment.
• Defining major subsystems and their inputs and outputs.
• Allocating processes to resources.
• Preparing detailed logic specifications for each software module. The result is a
draft System Design Document which captures the preliminary design for the
system.
• Everything requiring user input or approval is documented and reviewed by the
user. Once these documents have been approved by the Agency CIO and
 Business Sponsor, the final System Design Document is created to serve as the
Critical/Detailed Design for the system.
• This document receives a rigorous review byAgency technical and functional
representatives to ensure that it satisfies the business requirements. Concurrent
with the development of the system design, the Agency Project Manager begins
development of the Implementation Plan, Operations and Maintenance Manual,
and the Training Plan.
DEVELOPMENT PHASE

The development phase involves converting design specifications into

executable programs. Effective development standards include requirements that
programmers and other project participants discuss design specifications before
programming begins. The procedures help ensure programmers clearly understand
program designs and functional requirements. Programmers use various techniques
to develop computer programs. The large transaction oriented programs associated
with financial institutions have traditionally been developed using procedural
programming techniques. Procedural programming involves the line-by-line scripting
of logical instructions that are combined to form a program.Effective completion of
the previous stages is a key factor in the success of the Development phase. The
Development phase consists of:

• Translating the detailed requirements and design into system components.

• Testing individual elements (units) for usability.
• Preparing for integration and testing of the IT system.

INTEGRATION AND TEST PHASE

• Subsystem integration, system, security, and user acceptance testing is

conducted during the integration and test phase. The user, with those
responsible for quality assurance, validates that the functional requirements, as
defined in the functional requirements document, are satisfied by the developed
or modified system. OIT Security staff assess the system security and issue a
security certification and accreditation prior to installation/implementation.

Multiple levels of testing are performed, including :

 • Testing at the development facility by the contractor and possibly supported by
end users

• Testing as a deployed system with end users working together with contract
personnel

• Operational testing by the end user alone performing all functions. Requirements
are traced throughout testing,a final Independent Verification & Validation
evaluation is performed and all documentation is reviewedand accepted prior to
acceptance of the system.

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

This phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the
user. In this phase, the system is installed to support the intended business functions.
System performance is compared to performance objectives established during the
planning phase. Implementation includes user notification, user training, installation of
hardware, installation of software onto production computers, and integration of the
system into daily work processes. This phase continues until the system is operating in
production in accordance with the defined userrequirements.

OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PHASE

The system operation is ongoing. The system is monitored for continued

performance in accordance with user requirements and needed system modifications
are incorporated. Operations continue as long as the system can be effectively adapted
to respond to the organization’s needs. When modifications or changes are identified,
the system may reenter the planning phase.

The purpose of this phase is to:

• Operate, maintain, and enhance the system.

• Certify that the system can process sensitive information.
• Conduct periodic assessments of the system to ensure the functional
 requirements continue to be satisfied.
• Determine when the system needs to be modernized, replaced, or retired.

7. Testing

Software Testing is an empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders

with information about the quality of the product or service under test[1] , with respect to
the context in which it is intended to operate. Software Testing also provides an
objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and
understand the risks at implementation of the software. Test techniques include, but are
not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding
software bugs.
It can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product meets the business and technical requirements that guided
its design and development, so that it works as expected and can be implemented with
the same characteristics. Software Testing, depending on the testing method employed,
can be implemented at any time in the development process, however the most test
effort is employed after the requirements have been defined and coding process has
been completed.

TESTING METHODS
Software testing methods are traditionally divided into black box testing and white
box testing. These two approaches are used to describe the point of view that a test
engineer takes when designing test cases.
BLACK BOX TESTING
Black box testing treats the software as a "black box," without any knowledge of
internal implementation. Black box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning,
boundary value analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, traceability
matrix, exploratory testing and specification-based testing.

SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING

Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to

the applicable requirements.[16] Thus, the tester inputs data into, and only sees the
output from, the test object. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to
be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output
value (or behaviour), either "is" or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in
the test case. Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard
against certain risks

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

The black box tester has no "bonds" with the code, and a tester's perception is
very simple: a code must have bugs. Using the principle, "Ask and you shall receive,"
black box testers find bugs where programmers don't. But, on the other hand, black box
testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight," because
the tester doesn't know how the software being tested was actually constructed.
That's why there are situations when (1) a black box tester writes many test
cases to check something that can be tested by only one test case, and/or (2) some
parts of the back end are not tested at all. Therefore, black box testing has the
advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion," on the one hand, and the disadvantage of "blind
exploring," on the other.

WHITE BOX TESTING

White box testing, by contrast to black box testing, is when the tester has access
to the internal data structures and algorithms (and the code that implement these)

Types of white box testing:-

 The following types of white box testing exist:
• api testing - Testing of the application using Public and Private APIs.
• Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage.
For example, the test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the
program to be executed at least once.
• fault injection methods.
• mutation testing methods.
• static testing - White box testing includes all static testing.

CODE COMPLETENESS EVALUATION

White box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of a
test suite that was created with black box testing methods. This allows the software
team to examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most
important function points have been tested.

Two common forms of code coverage are:

• Function Coverage: Which reports on functions executed and
Statement Coverage: Which reports on the number of lines executed to complete the
test.

SOURCE CODE

import os

import platform
import mysql.connector
mydb=mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost",user="root",password="root",database
='parking')
mycursor=mydb.cursor()
defAdd_Record():
L=[]
id1=int(input("Enter the parking number : "))
L.append(id1)
pname1=input("Enter the Parking Name: ")
L.append(pname1)
level1=input("Enter level of parking : ")
L.append(level1)
freespace1=input("Is there any freespace or not :YES/NO ")L.append(freespace1)
vehicleno1=input("Enter the Vehicle Number : ")
L.append(vehicleno1)
nod1=int(input("Enter total number of days for parking: "))

L.append(nod1)
if nod1==1:
Payment1=20
elif nod1==2:
Payment1=40
elif nod1==3:
Payment1=60
elif nod1==4:
Payment1=80
elif nod1==5:
Payment1=100
elif nod1==6:
Payment1=120

L.append(Payment1)
stud=(L)
sql='insert into
parkmaster12(pid,pnm,level,freespace,vehicleno,nod,payment)values(%s,%s,%s,%s,
%s,%s,%s)'

mycursor.execute(sql,stud)
mydb.commit()
defRec_View():
print("Select the search criteria : ")

print("1. Parking Number")

print("2. Parking Name")
print("3. Level No")
print("4. All")
ch=int(input("Enter the choice : "))
if ch==1:
s=int(input("Enter Parking no : "))
rl=(s,)
sql="select * from parkmaster12 where pid=%s"
mycursor.execute(sql,rl)
res=mycursor.fetchall()
elifch==2:
s=input("Enter Parking Name : ")
rl=(s,)
sql="select * from parkmaster12 where pnm=%s"
mycursor.execute(sql,rl)
res=mycursor.fetchall()
elifch==3:
s=int(input("Enter Level of Parking : "))
rl=(s,)
sql="select * from parkmaster12 where level=%s"
mycursor.execute(sql,rl)
res=mycursor.fetchall()
elifch==4:
sql="select * from parkmaster12"
mycursor.execute(sql)
res=mycursor.fetchall()
print("Details about Parking are as follows : ")
print("(Parking Id,ParkingName,Level,FreeSpace(Y/N),Vehicle No,No of days for
parking,Payment)")
for x in res:
print(x)
print('Task comple ted')
defVehicle_Detail():
L=[]
vid1=int(input("Enter Vehicle No : "))
L.append(vid1)
vnm1=input("Enter Vehicle Name/Model Name : ")
L.append(vnm1)
dateofpur1=input("Enter Year-Month-date of purchase : ")L.append(dateofpur1)
vdt=(L)
sql="insert into vehicle(pid,vnm,dateofpur) values(%s,%s,%s)"
mycursor.execute(sql,vdt)
mydb.commit()
defVehicle_View():

vid1=int(input("Enter the vehicle number of the vehicle whose details isto be viewed :
"))
sql='select
parkmaster12.pid,parkmaster12.pnm,parkmaster12.vehicleno,vehicle.pid,vehicle.vnm
from parkmaster12 INNER JOIN vehicle ONparkmaster12.pid=vehicle.pid and
vehicle.pid=%s'
rl=(vid1,)
print('The following are the detailes you wanted:')
mycursor.execute(sql,rl)
res=mycursor.fetchall()
for x in res:
print(x)
print('Task compelted')
defremove():
vid1=int(input("Enter the vehicle number of the vehicle to be deleted : "))rl=(vid1,)
sql="Delete from vehicle where pid=%s"
mycursor.execute(sql,rl)
mydb.commit()
print('Removed as per the command')
defMenu():
print("Enter 1 : To Add Parking Detail")
print("Enter 2 : To View Parking Detail ")
print("Enter 3 : To Add Vehicle Detail ")
print("Enter 4 : To Remove Vehicle Record")

print("Enter 5 : To see the details of Vehicle")

input_dt = int(input("Please Select An Above Option: "))
if(input_dt== 1):
Add_Record()
elif (input_dt==2):
Rec_View()
elif (input_dt==3):
Vehicle_Detail()
elif (input_dt==4):
remove()
elif (input_dt==5):
Vehicle_View()
else:
print("Enter correct choice....")
Menu()
defrunAgain():
runAgn=input('\nwant to run Again Y/n:')
while(runAgn.lower()=='y'):
if(platform.system()=='Windows'):
print(os.system('cls'))
else:
print(os.system('clear'))
Menu()

runAgn=input('\nwant to run Again Y/n:') runAgain()

runAgn=input('\nwant to run Again Y/n:') runAgain()