<deck name="ITN Module 7"><fields><rich-text name='Frente'

sides='11' ></rich-text><rich-text name='Verso' sides='01'

></rich-text></fields><cards><card><field name='Frente'><p>What
can you say about data encapsulation on the MAC
Sublayer?</p></field><field name='Verso'><ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Ethernet frame -
&nbsp;</strong>this is the internal structure of the Ethernet
frame</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Ethernet Addressing -
&nbsp;</strong>the Ethernet frame includes both a source and a
destination MAC address to deliver the Ethernet frame from
Ethernet NIC to Ethernet NIC on the same LAN</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Ethernet Error detection
-&nbsp;</strong>The Ethernet frame includes a frame check
sequence (FCS) trailer used for error detection</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What can you
say about Ethernet MAC address?</p>
<p>{{blob
a16a0103fdccf1d7eba450a3fe1337fe65844f1f596e3d97a3932529c1aace60}
}</p></field><field name='Verso'><ul>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">In an Ethernet LAN,
every network device is connected to the same, shared media. MAC
addressing provides a method for device identification at the
data link layer of the OSI model.</li>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">An Ethernet MAC
address is a 48-bit address expressed using 12 hexadecimal
digits. Because a byte equals 8 bits, we can also say that a MAC
address is 6 bytes in length.</li>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">All MAC addresses
must be unique to the Ethernet device or Ethernet interface. To
ensure&nbsp;<span class="s1">this, all vendors that sell Ethernet
devices must register with the IEEE to obtain a unique 6
</span>hexadecimal (i.e., 24-bit or 3-byte) code called the
organizationally unique identifier (OUI).</li>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">An Ethernet MAC
address consists of a 6 hexadecimal vendor OUI code followed by a
6 hexadecimal vendor-assigned value.</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What is
<strong>ND</strong>?</p></field><field name='Verso'><p
style="text-align: justify;">ND stands for Neighbor Discovery and
it's a process that a source host uses to determine the
destination MAC address associated with an IPv6
address.</p></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What
addresses will be on the MAC address table of a switch that just
got powered on?</p>
<p><em>(Considering it is connected to
PCs)</em></p></field><field name='Verso'><p style="text-align:
justify;">None. When a switch is powered on, it will have an
empty MAC address table as it has not yet learned the MAC
addresses for the PCs attached to
it.</p></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What can you
say about&nbsp;<strong>Frame
Processing?&nbsp;</strong></p></field><field name='Verso'><ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">When a device is fowarding a
message to an Ethernet network, the Ethernet header include a
Source MAC address and a Destination MAC address</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">When a NIC receives an Ethernet
frame, it examines the destination MAC address to see if it
matches the physical MAC address that is stored in RAM. If there
is no match, the device discards the frame. If there is a match,
it passes the frame up the OSI layers, where the de-encapsulation
process takes place&nbsp;
<ul>
<li>Ethernet NICs will also accept frames if the destination MAC
address is a broadcast or a multicast group of which the host is
a member</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Any device that is the source or
destination of an Ethernet frame, will have an Ethernet NIC and
therefore, a MAC address. This includes workstations, servers,
printers, mobile devices and routers</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What can you
say about&nbsp;<strong>Multicast MAC
address?</strong></p></field><field name='Verso'><p class="p1"
style="text-align: justify;">An Ethernet multicast frame is
received and processed by a group of devices that belong to the
same multicast group.</p>
<ul>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">There is a
destination MAC address of 01-00-5E when the encapsulated data is
an IPv4 multicast packet and a destination MAC address of 33-33
when the encapsulated data is an IPv6 multicast packet.</li>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">There are other
reserved multicast destination MAC addresses for when the
encapsulated data is not IP, such as Spanning Tree Protocol
(STP).&nbsp;</li>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">It is flooded out all
Ethernet switch ports except the incoming port, unless the switch
is configured for multicast snooping. It is not forwarded by a
router, unless the router is configured to route multicast
packets.</li>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">Because multicast
addresses represent a group of addresses (sometimes called a host
group), they can only be used as the destination of a packet. The
source will always be a unicast address.</li>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">As with the unicast
and broadcast addresses, the multicast IP address requires a
corresponding multicast MAC address.</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What is
a&nbsp;<strong>unicast MAC address?</strong></p></field><field
name='Verso'><p style="text-align: justify;">Is the unique
address that is used when a frame is sent from a single
transmitting device to a single destination
device</p></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What can
you say about the <strong>Media Acces</strong> in the MAC
Sublayer?</p></field><field name='Verso'><ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">The IEEE 802.3 MAC sublayer
includes the specifications for different Ethernet communications
standards over various types of media including copper and
fiber</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Legacy Ethernet using a bus
topology or hubs, is a shared, half-duplex medium uses a
conection-based access method, carrier sense multiple
access/collision detection (CSMA/CD)</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Ethernet LANs of today use
switches that operate in full-duplex. Full-duplex communications
with Ethernet switches do not require access control through
CSMA/CD</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What are the
Data Link Sub-layers?</p>
<p>{{blob
a8b74d8eb9ac3cc70cb747a4fc36fd830e1da823bbe99f47e0c3c0354e0dd90f}
}</p></field><field name='Verso'><p style="text-align:
justify;">The 802 LAN/MAN standards, including Ethernet, use two
separate sublayers of the data link layer to operate:</p>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">LLC Sublayer (IEEE 802.2) Places
information in the frame to identify which network layer protocol
is used for the frame</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">MAC Sublayer (IEEE 802.3,
802.11, or 802.15) Responsible for data encapsulation and media
access control, and provides data link layer addressing</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>How does the
Switch filter frames?</p></field><field name='Verso'><ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">As a switch receives frames from
different devices, it is able to populate its MAC address table
by examing the source MAC address of every frame</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">When the switch's MAC address
table contains the destination MAC address, it is able to filter
the frame and foward out a single port</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What can you
say about&nbsp;<strong>Broadcast MAC
address?</strong></p></field><field name='Verso'><p style="text-
align: justify;">An Ethernet broadcast frame is received and
processed by every device on the Ethernet LAN. The features of an
Ethernet broadcast are as follows:</p>
<ul>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">It has a destination
MAC address of FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF in hexadecimal (48 ones in
binary).</li>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">It is flooded out all
Ethernet switch ports except the incoming port. It is not
forwarded by a router.</li>
<li class="p1">
<p class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">If the encapsulated
data is an IPv4 broadcast <span class="s1">packet, this means the
packet contains a </span><span class="s1">destination IPv4
address that has all ones (1s) </span><span class="s1">in the
host portion. This numbering in the </span><span
class="s1">address means that all hosts on that local
</span><span class="s1">network (broadcast domain) will receive
and </span>process the packet.</p>
</li>
</ul></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What is
<strong>ARP</strong>?</p></field><field name='Verso'><p
style="text-align: justify;">ARP is a process that a source host
uses to determine the destination MAC address associated with an
IPv4 address. It means Address Resolution
Protocol</p></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>True or
False: A Layer 2 Ethernet switch makes its fowarding decisions
based only on the Layer 3 addresses</p></field><field
name='Verso'><p style="text-align: justify;">False: it makes its
fowarding decision based on the Layer 2 Ethernet MAC
addresses</p></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What
are the Switch Fundamentals?</p></field><field
name='Verso'><p>{{blob
fd1cd94ab58f8d9ffa04488c6675d07f9c68923e180aeb71a6e0377e9060bafc}
}</p></field></card><card><field name='Frente'><p>What can you
say about Ethernet Frame Fields?</p>
<p>{{blob
ccc56e0b632545d25c73f6c35c233c51c02361b5fdb24b3086f9fa823415e817}
}</p></field><field name='Verso'><ul>
<li class="p1" style="text-align: justify;">The minimum Ethernet
frame size is 64 bytes and the maximum is 1518 bytes.
The&nbsp;preamble field is not included when describing the size
of the frame.</li>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">Any frame less than
64 bytes in length is considered a or and is automatically
discarded. Frames with more than 1500 bytes of data are
considered or .</li>
<li class="p2" style="text-align: justify;">If the size of a
transmitted frame is less than the minimum, or greater than the
maximum, the receiving device drops the frame. Dropped frames are
likely to be the result of collisions or other unwanted signals.
They are considered invalid. Jumbo frames are usually supported
by most Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet switches and
NICs.</li>
</ul></field></card></cards></deck>