CLASS TEST S.No.

: 01JP_ECEE_16102023

Delhi | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata

Web: www.madeeasy.in | E-mail: [email protected] | Ph: 011-45124612

EC | EE
Control Systems

Duration : 1:00 hr. Maximum Marks : 50

Read the following instructions carefully

1. This question paper contains 30 objective questions. Q.1-10 carry one mark each and
Q.11-30 carry two marks each.

2. Answer all the questions.

3. Questions must be answered on Objective Response Sheet (ORS) by darkening the appropriate
bubble (marked A, B, C, D) using HB pencil against the question number. Each question has
only one correct answer. In case you wish to change an answer, erase the old answer completely
using a good soft eraser.

4. There will be NEGATIVE marking. For each wrong answer 1/3rd of the full marks of the question
will be deducted. More than one answer marked against a question will be deemed as an
incorrect response and will be negatively marked.

5. Write your name & Roll No. at the specified locations on the right half of the ORS.

6. No charts or tables will be provided in the examination hall.

7. Choose the Closest numerical answer among the choices given.

8. If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one
of the given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that
questions.

9. If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for
that question.

DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLE T UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

 2 EC + EE

Q.No. 1 to Q.No. 10 carry 1 mark each Q.4 The forward transfer function of a unity

Q.1 For the system shown in below figure, what K (s 2 + 1)

feedback system is G(s) = . The
V0 (s ) ( s + 1)( s + 2)
is the transfer function ?
Vi ( s) system is stable for:
(Given R1 = R2 = C1 = C2 = 1 unit) (a) K < –1 (b) K > –1
(c) K < –2 (d) K > –2
R1 C1
Q.5 The phase margin of a system with the open
loop transfer function,
Vi R2 C2 V0
(1 − s)
G(s)H(s) = is
(1 + s )(3 + s )

V0 (s ) (a) ∞ (b) 90°

s
(a) V ( s) = 2 (c) 68.3° (d) 0
i s + 3s + 1
Q.6 For the Bode plot shown in figure, the
V0 (s ) 1 transfer function is,
(b) V ( s) = 2
i s + 3s + 1
0 dB

V0 (s ) s2
(c) = 2 0°
Vi ( s) s + 2s + 1

–180°
V0 (s ) s+1
(d) V ( s) = 2 ω=1
i s + 2s + 1
1−s 1
Q.2 The damping ratio ξ, natural frequency ωn (a) (b) (1 + s )2
1+s
and damping frequency ωd of a system with
1 1
transfer function, (c) (d) s( s + 1)
2
s
Y (s ) 64
R(s ) = 2 Q.7 The OLTF of a feedback control system is
s + 8s + 64
(a) ξ = 0.5; ωn = 8; ωd = 6.93 −1
(b) ξ = 1, ωn = 8; ωd = 0 G(s)H(s) = , the Nyquist plot of
2 s(1 − 20s)
(c) ξ = 0.5; ωn = 64; ωd = 55.42
(d) ξ = 0.8; ωn = 8; ωd = 6.93 the system is
Im ω=0
Q.3 What is the impulse response y(t) of a
system with transfer function
ω=∞
Y (s ) 1 Re
= . (a)
R(s ) (s + 1)(s + 10)

1 − t 1 −10t
(a) y(t ) = e + e ω=0 Im
9 9

1 − t 1 −10t
(b) y(t ) = e − e ω=∞
Re
9 9
(b)
(c) y(t) = e–t – e–10t
(d) y(t) = e–t + e–10t

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 • Control System 3

Im Q.10 A system shown below has multiple poles

and a zero as shown below.

jω
(c) ω = ∞ Re
jb

ω=0
σ
–a
Im

–jb
ω=∞
Re
(d)
The impulse response of the system is

ω=0 h(t )

Q.8 A stable closed loop control system with PI

controller is shown below,
KI 1 (a) t
R(s) + KP + C(s )
– s (s + 1)(s + 2)

The suitable values of controller parameters

are
h (t )
(a) KP > 0 and K I > K P − 3
3
K 
(b) KI > 0 and K P >  I − 2 t
 3 
(b)
KP
(c) K I > − 2 (or) KP > 0
3
(d) KI > 0, KP > 0
h (t )
Q.9 The state model of a system is given as,
 x
1   1 0   x2 
 x
 = 1 1  x 
 2   1 (c) t

xT(0) = 1 0 
The solution of homogenous equation is
given by,
 et   et  h(t )
(a) x(t) =   (b) x(t ) =  
 1  tet 

0  et 
(c) x(t ) =   (d) x(t ) =  
t  et  (d) t
 e 

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 4 EC + EE

Q. No. 11 to Q. No. 30 carry 2 marks each Q.12 A control system is represented by the given
below differential equation,
Q.11 The equivalent transfer function of the
system shown in block diagrams is: d2 y dy
2
+5 + 4 y = x( t )
1 1 s+2 dt dt
G1 = , G2 = and G3 =
s+1 s+4 s+5 has all initial conditions zero. If an input
x(t) = 8 u(t), then output y(t) is
X(s) G1 Y(s )
– +  1 −4t 1 −t 
(a) 1 − e + e  u(t )
G2
 4 2 
 1 −4 t 1 − t 
(b) 1 + e + e  u(t )
G3  4 3 

 1 1 
(c) 1 + e −4t − e −t  u(t )
s 3 + 4s 2 + 18s + 20  8 3 
(a)
s 3 + 5s 2 + 10s + 14  1 −4t 4 −t 
(d) 2 1 + e − e  u(t )
 3 3 
s 3 + 8s 2 + 24s + 30
(b) Q.13 The system shown in the figure remains
s 3 + 10s 2 + 30s + 25
stable when
–1
1 K s 1
s 3 + 4s 2 + 18s + 20 R(s) Y(s )
(c) 3 2
s + 10s + 30s + 25
3
3 2
s + 8s + 24s + 30
(d) 1
s 2 + 5s + 10s + 14 (a) K < –1 (b) –1 < K < 1
(c) 1 < K < 3 (d) K < –3

Y (s )
Q.14 Find the transfer function for the system with following block diagram:
R(s )
1

H2

– +
R G1 G2 G3 G4 Y
– –

H1

H3

Y (s ) G1G2G3G4
(a) R(s ) = 1 + G H − G G H + G G G H + G G G G
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 4
Y (s ) G1G2G3G4
(b) R(s ) = 1 − G H + G G H + G G G H
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3
Y (s ) G1G2G3G4
(c) R(s ) = 1 + G H + G G H + G G G H
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3
Y (s ) G1G2G3G4
(d) R(s ) = 1 − G H − G G H + G G G H + G G G G
1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 4

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 • Control System 5

Q.15 The closed loop transfer function of a system

100
is, (c) ( s + 4)(s + 10)

s 3 + 4s 2 + 8s + 16
T(s) = 100
s 5 + 3s 4 + 5s 2 + 4s + 3 (d) s 2 (s + 4)(s + 10)
The number of poles in the right half plane
and in left half plane are Q.18 The block diagram of a control system is
(a) 3, 2 (b) 1, 4 shown below,
(c) 2, 3 (d) 4, 1
1
Q.16 Consider a unity feedback system with R(s) + KP + sKD C(s )
– s(s + 1)
forward path transfer function G(s) =

K( s + 3)( s + 5)
( s − 2)( s − 4) . The range of K to ensure The control specification are such that the
stability is damping ratio of the closed loop system is
0.6 and damped frequency, ωd is 10 rad/
3
(a) K > sec. The parameters of PD controller Kp and
4
KD are
3 (a) 156.25, 14
(b) K < −1 (or)K >
4 (b) 277.78, 19
(c) K < –1 (c) 2, 4
(d) 11, 100
3
(d) −1 < K < Q.19 The asymptotic log-magnitude curve for
4
open loop transfer function is sketched
Q.17 For the Bode plot shown below the transfer below,
function is,
T(jω)
a
–40 dB/dec
dB
b –20 dB/dec
16 dB
0 dB/dec
c –20 dB/dec
4 10 d
ω e
ω(rad/sec)
0 dB 0 dB ω1 4 8 16
+20dB −40dB
dec dec Open loop transfer function is

10(s + 8)(s + 4)
(a) T(s) = s 2 (s + 1.268)
100s
(a) (s + 4)(s + 10)2 16( s + 1.268)(s + 4)
(b) T(s) = s 2 (s + 8)
100(s + 4)
(b) s( s + 10)2 10(s + 1.268)(s + 8)
(c) T(s) = s 2 ( s + 4)

8( s + 1.268)(s + 8)
(d) T(s) = s 2 (s + 4)

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 6 EC + EE

Q.20 Consider a control system having open-loop If two such systems are connected in parallel
transfer function of, then overall transfer function of the
1 combined system is
G( s) H ( s) = 2
s ( s − a) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) 4s + 21 4s + 36
(a) (b)
If a, b, c are positive, then the polar plot of (s + 4)(s + 5) (s + 4)(s + 5)
the system will be 2( s + 9) 2(4s + 21)
(c) (d)
Im (s + 4)(s + 5) (s + 4)(s + 5)

Q.22 If the transfer function of a control system

ω=0 is given as below:
(a) ω= ∞ Re
Y (s) 1
U(s) = 3 2
s + 4s + 5s + 3
The matrix [A] and [B] in state variable
representation of the system will be
Im
0 1 0  1
 1
(a) [ A] = 0
 0 1  ; [ B] =  
ω=∞
(b) Re  −4 −5 −3 1
ω=0
0 1 0 0

(b) [ A] = 0 0 1  ; [ B] =  0
  
 −3 −5 −4   1
Im

0 1 0 0
ω=0  1  ; [ B] =  0
(c) [ A] =  0 0  
(c) Re
 −8 −10 −6   1
ω= ∞
0 1 0   1
 1  ; [ B] = 1
(d) [ A] =  0 0  
 −6 −10 −18 1
Im

Q.23 A control system with damping ratio

(d) Re ξ= 3 is represented by the block diagram

ω= ∞
which employs proportional plus error rate
control. The value of error rate constant K
ω= 0 when unit step is given as input to system
will be
Q.21 A control system is represented by + 1 + sK 3
θR θC
following state space representation s+4 s
–

 x
1   −5 1   x1  0
 x
 =  0 −4   x  +  1 u(t ) 1 1
 2   2   (a) (b)
3 2
 x1  1 2
y = 1 4    (c) (d)
 x2  4 3

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 • Control System 7

Q.24 The pole zero map and the Nyquist plot of the open-loop transfer function G(s) H(s) of a feed
back system are shown below, for this,
G(s )H(s ) plane
jω –270°
s-plane

σ –180° 0°

(–1 + j0)

–90°
Plot-1 Plot-2

(a) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are stable.

(b) Open-loop system is stable but closed-loop system is unstable.
(c) Open-loop system is unstable but closed-loop system is stable.
(d) Both open-loop and closed-loop systems are unstable.

Q.25 The root locus diagram of a control system is shown below,

jω

–4 –2 0 σ

The polar plot of the same system is

–270°
–270°

ω= ∞ ω= ∞
(a) 0° (b)
–360°

ω= 0
–90°
ω= 0

–270°

ω= 0

(c) ω= ∞ (d) 0°
ω= ∞

–90°

ω= 0
–90°

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 8 EC + EE

Q.26 The open-loop transfer function of the system is,

M(dB)

30 dB –20 dB
0
–20 dB

–40 dB

1 2 5 10 ω rad/sec.

s
s 30  + 1 
30  + 1  2 
(a) 5  (b) 2s   s
 s s s  + 1  + 1 
s + 1   + 1 
  5   10 
 10 2 

1.65(0.2 s + 1) 31.62(0.5s + 1)
(c) (d) s (0.2 s + 1) (0.1s + 1)
s (0.5s + 1) (0.1s + 1)

10
Q.27 If G(s )H (s ) = then the gain margin and phase margin of the system are respectively.
(s + 1) (s + 20)

1
(a) ,∞ (b) 0, 180°
2
(c) ∞, ∞ (d) ∞, 180°

Q.28 The state space equation of the system is given by

 −4 0
x
=  x
0 −3

and the initial state value is x(0) = [4 –4]T. The zero input response of the system will be

 4 e −4 t   −4 e −4t 
(a)   (b)  
 −4 e −3t   −4 e −3t 

 4 e −4t   −4 e −4t 
(c)   (d)  
−3 t −3 t
 4 e   4 e 

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 • Control Systems 9

Q.29 The open-loop transfer function of a system is

K ( s + 3)
G( s)H ( s) =
s( s + 2)
The root locus of the system consists of a circle as shown in the figure below. The equation of
circle is
jω

(a) (σ + 4)2 + ω2 = 4 (b) (σ – 3)2 + ω2 = 9

(c) (σ + 3)2 + ω2 = 3 (d) ( σ − 4)2 + ω2 = 4

Q.30 Consider a unity gain closed-loop transfer function with forward path gain,
K( s + 1)
G( s) =
s + 0.5s 2 + 3s + 1
3

If the system is producing undamped oscillations, then value of K and corresponding frequency
of oscillations are respectively
(a) 2.5 and 1 rad/s (b) 1 and 2 rad/s
(c) 1 and 2.5 rad/s (d) 2 and 1 rad/s

„„„„

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 CLASS TEST S.No.: 01JP_ECEE_16102023

Delhi | Bhopal | Hyderabad | Jaipur | Pune | Bhubaneswar | Kolkata

Web: www.madeeasy.in | E-mail: [email protected] | Ph: 011-45124612

CONTROL SYSTEMS
EC | EE
Date of Test : 16/10/2023

ANSWER KEY h

1. (a) 7. (b) 13. (d) 19. (b) 25. (b)

2. (a) 8. (b) 14. (a) 20. (a) 26. (d)

3. (b) 9. (b) 15. (c) 21. (d) 27. (c)

4. (b) 10. (c) 16. (b) 22. (b) 28. (a)

5. (a) 11. (b) 17. (a) 23. (d) 29. (c)

6. (a) 12. (d) 18. (a) 24. (b) 30. (b)

 • Control Systems 11

D E TA I L E D E X P L A N AT I O N S

1. (a)
After taking Laplace transform, the series combination of R1 and C1 gives: R + 1 .
1
sC1
R2
sC 2
Similarly, the parallel combination of R2 and C2 gives: 1
R2 +
sC 2

1
1
Substituting, R1 = R2 = C1 = C2 = 1 makes the above combinations 1 + and s
s 1
1+
s
On applying the voltage divider rule, we get
1
s
1
1+
s Vi ( s)
V0(s) = 1
1 s
1+ +
s 1+ 1
s
1
V0 (s )
s + 1
Vi (s ) = s( s + 1) + ( s + 1) + s
s(s + 1)
V0 (s ) s
Vi (s ) = s 2 + 3s + 1

2. (a)
The general form of transfer function of a 2nd order system is given by,
Y (s ) ωn2
R(s ) = s 2 + 2ξω s + ω 2
n n
On comparing:

ωn2 = 64
Natural frequency, ωn = 8 rad/sec
2 ξωn = 8
8
Damping ratio, ξ = = 0.5
16

ωd = ω n 1 − ξ 2 = 8 1 − 0.5 2

ωd = 6.93 rad/sec

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 12 EC + EE

3. (b)
For impulse response, R(s) = 1
The impulse response is given by,
 1 
y(t) = L−1  
 (s + 1)(s + 10) 
−1  1 1 
y(t) = L  − 
 9( s + 1) 9(s + 10) 
1 −t 1 −10t
y(t) = e − e
9 9
4. (b)
Close loop transfer function of the system is

G(s ) K (s 2 + 1)
T(s) = 1 + G(s ) =
( K + 1)s 2 + 3s + K + 2
∴ the characteristic equation is given by
(K + 1)s2 + 3s + K + 2 = 0
For the system to be stable all the coefficient should be of same sign
∴ K+1>0 = K>–1
and K+2>0 = K>–2
∴ The system is stable for K > – 1.

5. (a)
(1 − s)
G(s)H(s) = (1 + s )(3 + s )

1 + ω2 1
So, G( jω )H ( jω ) = =
2 2
1+ω 9+ω 9 + ω2
Phase angle is,
ω
φ = −2 tan −1 ω − tan −1
3
1
At ω = 0; G( jω )H ( jω ) = ; φ = 0°
3
1
At ω = 4; G( jω )H ( jω ) = ; φ = –205°
5

At ω = ∞; G( jω )H ( jω ) = 0; φ = –270°

Im

ω=∞ ω=0
Re
(–1, 0)

Unit circle

Polar plot does not cross unit circle, for all values of ω (0 to ∞), magnitude will be less than unity.
In this case, gain crossover frequency does not exist and phase margin becomes ∞.

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 • Control Systems 13

6. (a)
The gain of function is 1, given system is all pass system, Hence option (a) is correct answer.
We can cross check:
1−s
GH(s) =
1+s
1 − jω
GH(jω) = 1 + jω

∠GH(jω) = –tan–1 (ω) – tan–1(ω) = –2 tan–1(ω)

By varying ω: 0 → ∞
The phase varies from 0° to –180° as shown in the plot.

7. (b)
−1
OLTF is G(s)H(s) =
2 s(1 − 20s)
−1
(or) G(jω)H(jω) = 2 jω(1 − 20 jω )

1
M = G( jω )H ( jω ) =
2 ω 1 + 400ω 2

−20ω 
φ = 180° − 90° − tan −1 
 1 
= 90° + tan–1 (20 ω)
At ω = 0; M = ∞; φ = 90°
At ω = 0.1; M = 2.24; φ = 153.43°
At ω = ∞; M = 0; φ = 180°
We get the Nyquist plot as,
Im
ω=0
+90°

(–1 + j0) ω =∞
+180° Re

8. (b)
The characteristic equation is,
1 + G(s)H(s) = 0

 K  1 
1 +  KP + I  
 s   (s + 1)(s + 2)  = 0

(or) s3 + 3s2 + (2 + KP)s + KI = 0

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 14 EC + EE

Forming Routh Array:

s3 1 2 + KP
s2 3 KI
6 + 3K P − K I
s1
3
s0 KI
For stable system, KI > 0
KI
and KP > −2
3

9. (b)
x(t) = φ(t) x(0)
Where, φ(t) = state transition matrix
1 0
Given, A =  
1 1
 s 0 1 0 s − 1 0 
[sI – A] =   −  = 
0 s  1 1  −1 s − 1
1 s − 1 0 
[sI – A]–1 = ( s − 1)( s − 1)  1 s − 1

 1 
 s−1 0 
 
=  1 1 
 ( s − 1)2 (s − 1) 

 et 0
L–1[sI – A]–1 = φ( t ) =  
tet et 

 et 0   1
∴ x(t) =  t  
te et  0

 et 
x(t) =  t 
te 

10. (c)
The transfer function of the system is,
(s + a )
H(s) =
[( s − ( − a − jb)) ( s − ( − a + jb))]2

s+a 1 2(s + a )
= 2 2 2
= ⋅
[(s + a) + b ] 2 [(s + a)2 + b 2 ]2

1  dF (s ) 
H(s) = −
2  ds 

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 • Control Systems 15

1 1 − at
where, F(s) = 
  f (t ) = e sin(bt )
2 2 b
( s + a) + b I.L.T.

d
− F( s) ←
→ t f (t )
ds
t t − at
h(t) = f (t ) = e sin ( bt )
2 2b
h(t) = K te–at sin(bt)
h(t)

0 t

11. (b)
For given block diagram.
In inner loop feedback we can write,
R( s) G1 (s )
=
X(s) 1 + G1 (s ) G2 ( s)

R(s )
X(s) G1 Y(s )
– +

G2

G3

∴ Overall transfer function,

Y(s) = X(s) R(s) + G3(s) X(s)
Y (s)
= R(s) + G3(s)
X(s)

1
s+1 (s + 4) s+4
= = = 2
1 1 ( s + 1) ( s + 4) + 1 s + 5s + 4 + 1
1+
(s + 1) (s + 4)

s+4 s+2 ( s + 4) ( s + 5) + ( s + 2) ( s 2 + 5s + 5)
+ ⇒
s 2 + 5s + 5 s+5 ( s 2 + 5s + 5) (s + 5)

s 2 + 9s + 20 + s 3 + 5s 2 + 5s + 2s 2 + 10s + 10
= =
s 3 + 5s 2 + 5s 2 + 25s + 5s + 25

s 3 + 8s 2 + 24s + 30
s 3 + 10s 2 + 30s + 25

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12. (d)

d2 y dy
2
+5 + 4 y = x(t)
dt dt
s2Y(s) + 5sY(s) + 4Y(s) = X(s)
8
x(t) = 8 u(t ) or X (s ) =
s
8
(s2 + 5s + 4) Y(s) =
s
8 A B C
Y(s) = 2
= + +
s ( s + 5s + 4) s s+4 s+1

2 8 2
Y(s) = s − 3( s + 1) + 3( s + 4)

 1 4 
y(t) = 2 1 + e −4t − e −t  u(t )
 3 3 

13. (d)
Y (s ) K /s K
= =
R(s ) 3 K s − (3 + K )
1 −  + 
s s 
For system to be stable,
3+K < 0
K < –3

14. (a)
G1 and H1 form a negative feedback loop and that loop is in cascade with G2. The block diagram
can be simplified as:

H2

– + G1G2
R G3 G4 Y
– 1 + G1 H1

H3

G1G2
Now forms a positive feedback loop with H2 and that loop is in cascade with G3. The
1 + G1 H 1
block diagram can be further simplified as:
1

– G1G2 G3
R G4 Y
– 1 + G1 H 1 − G1G2 H 2

H3

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Now there is another negative feedback loop with H3 and cascade with G4. Block diagram becomes
1

– G1G2 G3G4
R Y
– 1 + G1 H 1 − G1G2 H 2 + G1G2 G3 H 3

Y (s ) G1G2G3G4
R(s ) =
1 + G1 H 1 − G1G2 H 2 + G1G2 G3 H 3 + G1G2 G3G4

15. (c)
The Routh table for the characteristic equation corresponding to the given transfer function is:

s5 1 0 4
4
s 3 5 3
3
s −1.67 3
s2 10.4 3
1
s 3.48
s0 3
There are two sign changes in the fist column of Routh table. So there are 2 poles in RHP. Order
of the characteristic equation is 5 = number of poles
∴ No. of poles in LHP = 5 – 2 = 3

16. (b)
Closed loop transfer function is,
G(s ) K (s + 3)(s + 5)
T(s) = 1 + G(s ) = (K + 1)s 2 + (8K − 6)s + (15K + 8)

For stability all coefficients should be positive or all negative

Case-I: All coefficient are positive,
K + 1 > 0 ⇒ K > –1
8 K – 6 > 0 ⇒ K > 0.75
−8
15 K + 8 > 0 ⇒ K >
15
∴ K > 0.75
Case-II : All coefficients are negative:
K + 1 < 0 ⇒ K < –1
8 K – 6 < 0 ⇒ K < 0.75
−8
15 K + 8 < 0 ⇒ K <
15
∴ K < –1
So, for stability either K > 0.75 or K < –1

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17. (a)
Transfer function is,
Ks 400Ks
G(s)H(s) =
2
=
s  s  ( s + 4)( s + 10)2
 + 1  + 1

4 10
Magnitude of initial plot is given by,
M = 20 log ω + 20 log K
and M = 0 dB at ω = 4
0 = 20 log10 4 + 20 log K
1
(or) 20 log = 20 log4
K
1
(or) = 4
K
1
(or) K =
4
100s
Hence, G(s)H(s) =
(s + 4)(s + 10)2

18. (a)

Damped frequency, ωd = ω n 1 − ξ 2

ωd 10
⇒ ωn = =
1 − ξ2 1 − (0.6)2
The desired second order C.E. is,
s2 + 2ξωns + ωn2 = 0
s + 2(0.6)(12.5)s + (12.5)2 = 0
2

s2 + 15s + 156.25 = 0
The C.E. of given system is,
 1 
1 + (K p + sK D )  = 0
 s(s + 1) 
(or) s2 + (1 + KD)s + KP = 0
Hence, KP = 156.25
and 1 + KP = 15
⇒ KD = 14

19. (b)
From the above Bode plot,
For section de, slope is –20 dB/dec
y−0
∴ –20 = log 8 − log 16

y = 6.02 dB
Now, for section bc, slope is –20 dB/dec

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16 − 6.02
∴ –20 = log ω − log 4
1

ω1 = 1.268 rad/sec
To find value of gain K
y = mx + c
16 = –40 log 1.268 + 20 log K
K = 10.14
From all the result, transfer function is,
 s s 
10.14  + 1  + 1
 1.268 4 
T(s) =
 s 
s 2  + 1
8 
16( s + 1.268)(s + 4)
T(s) = s 2 (s + 8)

20. (a)
1
Given, G( s) H( s) = 2
s (s − a) (s − b ) (s − c )

1
Put s = jω, G(jω) H(jω) = 2
( jω) ( jω − a) ( jω − b ) ( jω − c )

1
G( jω) H ( jω) = 2
ω ω + a ⋅ ω2 + b 2 ⋅ ω2 + c 2
2 2

when, ω=0 Magnitude = ∞; Phase = 0°

ω=∞ Magnitude = 0; Phase = 270°
  −1  ω    −1  ω    −1  ω   
∠G(jω) H(jω) = − 180° +  180° − tan    +  180° − tan    +  180° − tan    
   a    b    c  

−1  ω  −1  ω  −1  ω 
φ = tan   + tan   + tan  
 
a  
b c
Note: Since a, b and c are positive values, for ω = 1, phase of G(jω) H(jω) will be a positive quantity.
So, the polar plot will start into the first quadrant.
90°

ω= 0
180° 0°
ω= ∞

270°

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21. (d)
The transfer function from steady state model can be written as
T(s) = C[sI – A]–1 B
adj[ sI − A]
[sI – A]–1 = sI − A

 s + 5 −1 
[sI – A] = 
 0 s + 4 

1 s + 4 1 
[sI – A]–1 = 
(s + 5)(s + 4)  0 s + 5

1 s + 4 1  0
T(s) = 1 4 
( s + 5)( s + 4)  0 s + 5  1
 

1  1 
T(s) = 1 4  
(s + 5)(s + 4) s + 5

1 + 4(s + 5) 4s + 21
T(s) = = (s + 4)(s + 5)
(s + 4)(s + 5)
If two systems are connected in parallel
Overall transfer function,
2(4s + 21)
T′(s) = T(s) + T(s) = (s + 4)(s + 5)

22. (b)
For the given system we can write,
Y(s) [s3 + 4s2 + 5s + 3] = U(s)[1] ...(i)
Let, x1 = y
So, x2 = x
1 = y
...(ii)
x3 = x
2 = y

...(iii)
The equation (i) can be written as
x
3 + 4 x 3 + 5x 2 + 3x1 = u

i.e. x
3 = –3x1 – 5x2 – 4x3 + u ...(iv)

Using equation (ii), (iii) and (iv) we can write in state variable form as below,
 x
1  0 1 0  x1  0 
 x
   x  +   u
0 0 1  2  0
 2 = 
 x
3   −3 −5 −4  x3   1

0 1 0
 
So, [A] =  0 0 1
 −3 −5 −4 

0
 
and [B] = 0 
 1
Hence option (b) is correct.

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23. (d)
The closed-loop transfer function for given system,
3(1 + sK )
G( s) s( s + 4) 3(1 + sK )
1 + G(s ) = =
3(1 + sK ) s(s + 4) + 3(1 + sK )
1+
s(s + 4)
3(1 + sK ) 3 + 3sK
= 2
= 2
s + 4s + 3(1 + sK ) s + (4 + 3K )s + 3
Comparing the transfer function with standard second order transfer function.

ωn2 = 3

⇒ ωn = 3 rad/sec
2ξωn = 4 + 3K
2 3ξ = 3K + 4
2 3ξ − 4
= K
3
6−4 2
Given, ξ = 3, K = =
3 3

24. (b)
From plot –1
Number of poles on the right side of s-plane = 0
P = 0
Open-loop system is stable.
From plot –2
Number of encirclement about (–1, 0) is = 2 in clockwise
N = –2
N = P–Z
–2 = 0 – Z
Z = 2
Two closed loop poles on the right side of s-plane. Close-loop system is unstable.

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25. (b)
From the figure, the transfer function of the system is,
K
G(s) H(s) =
s( s + 2)2 ( s + 4)
ω M φ
K
G( jω) H ( jω) = 0 ∞ −90°
ω (4 + ω2 ) 16 + ω2   
−1  ω  −1  ω  ∞ 0 −360°
∠G(jω) H(jω) = −90° − 2 tan   − tan  
2 4
–270°

0°
–180° ω= ∞

ω= 0
–90°

26. (d)
s
K  + 1 
T.F. = 2 
 s   s
s + 1  + 1 
5   10 
To obtain the value of K,
30 dB = 20 log K – 20 r log(1) [∵ r = 1]
1.5 = log K
K = 101.5 = 31.62
31.62(0.5s + 1)
T.F. =
s (0.2 s + 1) (0.1 s + 1)

27. (c)
10
∠G(jω) H(jω) = ∠ = −180°
( jω + 1) ( jω + 20)

−1 −1  ω 
= − tan (ω) − tan   = −180°
 20 
 ω
 ω+ 
− tan −1  20
2
 1 − ω  = –180°
 20 
ω
ω+
20
= 0
ω2
1−
20

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ω2
The above expression to become zero 1 − = ∞.
20
∴ ωpc = ∞
10
G( jω) H ( jω) =
1 + ω2 (20)2 + ω2

G( jω) H ( jω) ω = 0
pc = ∞

1
Gain margin = =∞
G( jω) H ( jω) ω
pc

∴ Gain crossover frequency does not exist.

∴ Phase margin is = ∞

28. (a)
For given state model,
 −4 0 
A =  0 −3
 

 s 0   −4 0  s + 4 0 
[sI − A] = 0 s  −  0 −3 =  0
     s + 3

1 1 s + 3 0 
[sI – A]–1 = sI − A Adj [ sI − A] = (s + 3)( s + 4)  0 s + 4 


 1 
s + 4 0 
=  
 0 1 
 s + 3 

 e −4t 0 
eAt =  
 0 e −3t 

So zero input response of the given system will be

x(t) = eAt ⋅ x(0)

 e −4t 0  4   4 e −4 t 
=    =  
 0 e −3t   −4   −4 e −3t 

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29. (c)
Method-I
For root locus point,
∠G(s) H(s) = 180º
∴ Substituting, s = (σ + jω) we get,
K (σ + 3 + jω)
G(σ + jω) H(σ + jω) =
(σ + jω) (σ + 2 + jω)

 ω  −1  ω  −1  ω 
tan −1   − tan   = 180° + tan  
σ + 3 σ σ+2
ω ω
−
σ+3 σ ω
=
 ω  ω σ+2
1+  
σ + 3σ
∴ (σ + 3)2 + ω2 = 3
Method-II:
jω

σ
p q
–3 –2

dK
p and q are breakaway and breakin points, to obtain them we have to perform, = 0.
ds
s( s + 2)
K = −
s+3
dK d  s( s + 2) 
= − =0
ds ds  s + 3 
s2 + 6s + 6 = 0
q = –1.268 to p = –4.732
As we know two points on the diameter, center of the circle is (–3, 0) and radius is 1.732.
Equation of the circle is ( σ + 3)2 + ω2 = ( 3)2 .

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30. (b)
The characteristic equation is,
q(s) = s3 + 0.5s2 + (K + 3) s + (K + 1) = 0

s3 1 K+3
s2 0.5 K+1
1
s (3 + K ) − 2( K + 1) 0
0
s ( K + 1)

For a system to oscillate a row should become zero.

∴ K + 3 – 2K – 2 = 0
K = 1
Given system is third order system (s + a) (s2 + bs + c) = 0
For a marginally stable system, ξ = 0
s 2 + 2ξ ωn s + ωn2 = 0

s 2 + ωn2 = 0
Take the coefficients of s2 row.
0.5s2 + (K + 1) = 0
0.5s2 + 2 = 0
s = ±j2
ω = 2 rad/s

„„„„

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