Secondary Source

Teodoro Agoncillo’s “Revolt of the Masses”

The Revolt of the Masses: The Story of Bonifacio and the

Katipunan.
“Seeds of Discontent”
by Teodoro Andal Agoncillo
Author’s  Teodoro Andal Agoncillo, born on November 9, 1912, is
Background considered as one of the most important and known historian
in the country. Aside from that, he is also a poet, a writer, an
editor, a linguistic assistant and a graduate of Philosophy
and Arts

In the year 1985, he was included in the roster of the Order

of National Scientists for his contributions in Philippine
History. His notable works include The History of the Filipino
People; Revolt of the Masses; and The Writings and Trials of
Bonifacio

Today his works are considered essential to the study of

Philippine History.
When was the  This account, entitled: “Revolt of the Masses”, was written
account written? from October 1947 to January 1948, and was published in
1956
Mention of date(s)  Middle of December 1896: Andres Bonifacio, together with
his wife and two brothers left the mountains of Montalban
and Mariquina to visit the Katipunan in Cavite.
 January 2, 1897: Bonifacio wrote a letter to his uncle-in-law,
Mariano Alvarez after his encounter with the Magdalo in
Imus.
 January 1897: Gunshots interrupted the fiesta of San
Francisco de Malabon. The rebels were shot by Captain
Mariano San Gabriel which sparked a conflict between him
and Santiago Alvarez.
 March 22, 1897: Emilio Aguinaldo’ s birthday, and yet the
battle with the Spanish soldiers in Salitran raged and the
assemble convened the Tejeros.
 April 1897: Spaniards captured the town of Malabon
Mention of place(s)  Noveleta – capital of the organization of Magdiwang since
it’s an organization; It is first moved to Francisco de
Malabon, and then later on in Naic.
 Mountains of Montalban and Mariquina – a delegate was
sent to look here for Supremo. This is his staying place.
 Zapote – this is where the Supremo and his family met
Emilio Aguinaldo, Candido Tirona, and Edilberto
 House of Juan Castañeda – this is where Bonifacio was
brought by the rebel leaders of Magdalo.
 Estate house of Friars in Tejeros, San Francisco de
Malabon – is a Magdiwang territory; this is where the other
convention will be held.
 Towns of Kawit, Bakood and Imus – this was under the
governance of the Magdalo and at that time was threatened
by the Spanish army
  Salitran – a barrio General Emilio Aguinaldo, leading the
Magdalo soldiers faced the Spaniards
Key personalities Magdiwang Government Administration:
• Mariano Alvarez
• Santiago Alvarez
• Artemio Ricarte
• Supremo Andres Bonifacio
• Jacinto Lumbreras
• Severino de las Alas
• Baldomero Aguinaldo
• Candido Tirona
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Cayetano Topacio
• Edilberto Evangelista
• Daniel Tirona
• Esteban San Juan
• Captain Mariano San Gabriel
• Vicente Fernandez
Sequencing of events 1. The Katipunan in Cavite were divided into two factions, the
Magdiwang and Magdalo. Yet these two factions had been silently
fighting over Cavite.
2. The Magdalo had been inviting Supremo Andres Bonifacio to visit
the Katipunan in Cavite and intervene with the rising conflict. It
was only that after three invitations when Supremo decided to
visit.
3. Bonifacio finally arrived at Imus and was welcomed by Emilio
Aguinaldo, and some of the Magdalo faction members. However,
the sight of Vicente Fernandez angered him and ordered his
immediate arrest.
4. The Magdalo, did not approve of the arrest. Realizing that he has
no influence over the Magdalo faction, Bonifacio sent a letter to
Mariano Alvarez, explaining his encounter.
5. On the other hand, a Magdiwang man, Esteban San Juan, invited
Bonifacio to come to Noveleta, where he was heartily welcomed
with a parade.
6. Due to the existing rivalry between the two factions inside the
Katipunan, they eventually lost to Polavieja. An assembly occurred
in Imus, but unfortunately, it did not yield any results, as no
agreements were discussed on what government type will be
suitable for the country nor if there’s a need for an election.
7. On March 22, 1897, the Magdiwang faction once again called for
another convention in Tejeros wherein Jacinto Lumbreras took the
Chairmanship of the meeting and opened the discussion regarding
the defence strategies to protect Cavite.
8. The assembly resumed after an hour Lumbreras called for a recess
of the meeting, and then transferring the Chairmanship to
Bonifacio.
9. Bonifacio granted the petition for a new form of government.
After that, an election was held to select the new officials to
govern the newly instituted Republic of the Philippines. In
addition, Bonifacio remarked whoever gets most of the votes
 must be declared and respected as the winner, regardless of his
state in life.
10. However, Daniel Tirona went against the initial agreement after
Bonifacio won the position for Director of Interior which insulted
Bonifacio. This turned into a conflict between the two. Angrily,
Bonifacio whipped out his pistol and aimed at Tirona, in which
Ricarte grabbed Bonifacio’s hand quickly preventing something
worse to happen.
11. Bonifacio declared the results of the meeting null and void, which
ended the Tejeros Convention.
12. . Bonifacio sent a letter to Mariano Alvarez expressing his
disappointment of not getting the Presidency wherein he thought
should be his, being the initiator of the revolution.
Differences between • Agoncillo's Seeds of Discontent was comprehensive since
the two accounts it started with a detailed account of events before and
beyond the convention to further supply and understand
the sentiments. of Bonifacio resented in the later parts of
the text.
• It is a secondary source which meant that it was written
based on other accounts acquired from different sources
and not from a personal experience.
• It turned out to be wordy since it is more of a description
of the events and contains fewer conversations.
• The account emphasized Bonifacio's side of the story
describing his emotions and how he thought about a
particular.
• Teodoro Agoncillo focused more on the misunderstanding
between the two factions.
• As a secondary account writer, he only gave his
interpretation of the actions and thoughts of the people
involved.