2020-Aug ) Use superposition theorem to find IO in Figure 3

the circuit shown in Figure ?? .

2k  12 V
+- 2I2 + 2(I1 + I2 ) = 0

6V
2I1 + 4I2 + 0I3 = 0
IO
+-
2k  2(I1 + I3 ) + 2I3 = 0
2 mA 2k  2k  2I1 + 0I2 + 4I3 = 0

2I1 + 4I2 + 0I3 = 0

Figure 1
2I1 + 0I2 + 4I3 = 0
Solution:
2k  12 V
I1 = 2mA
+-
I2 6V
IO 4I2 + 0I3 = −4
+-
2k  0I2 + 4I3 = −4
2 mA 2k  I 3 2k  On solving
I1
I1 = 2mA, I2 = −1I3 = −1
Figure 2
IO1 = I1 + I2 = 2 − 1 = 1mA

2I2 + 2(I1 + I2 ) + 6 − 12 = 0 12 V
2I1 + 4I2 + 0I3 = 6 2k 
+-
2(I1 + I3 ) + 2I3 − 6 = 0 IO
2I1 + 0I2 + 4I3 = 6
2k 
2I1 + 4I2 + 0I3 = 6 2k  2k 
2I1 + 0I2 + 4I3 = 6

I1 = 2mA Figure 4

12
4I2 + 0I3 = 2 I02 = = 3mA
4
0I2 + 4I3 = 2

On solving
2k 

I1 = 2mA, I2 = 0.5 I3 = 0.5

6V
IO
IO = I1 + I2 = 2 + 0.5 = 2.5mA
+-
2k 
2k  2k  2k 
I2
IO
2k  Figure 5
2 mA 2k  I 3 2k 
I1
6
I03 = = 1.5mA
4

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 1
 Figure 8

IO = I1 + I2 = 1 + 3 − 1.5 = 2.5mA
V1 V1 − V2
2020-AugEE ) Use superposition theorem to find IO + −2 = 0
in the circuit shown in Figure 6 . 7 15
V1 [0.1428 + 0.067] − 0.067V2 − 2 = 0
15 
0.21V1 − 0.067V2 = 2
IX
7
5
2A 3V +- 4I X 0.21V1 − 0.067V2 = 2
−0.067V1 + 1.367V2 = 0
Figure 6
On Solving
Solution:
V1 15  V2 V1 = 9.675 V2 = 0.474
IX
7
5 V2 0.474
2A 3V +- 4I X IX1 = = = 0.095
5 5

Figure 7
15  V1
IX
V1 − 3 V1 − V2
+ −2 = 0 7
7 15
V1 [0.1428 + 0.067] − 0.428 − 0.0.067V2 − 2 = 0 5
3V +- 4I X
0.21V1 − 0.067V2 = 2.428

V2 V2 − V1 Figure 9
+ − 4IX = 0
5 15
−0.067V1 + V2 [0.5 + 0.067] − 4IX = 0
−0.067V1 + 0.567V2 − 4IX = 0 V1 − 3 V1
+ − 4Ix = 0
22 5
V2 V1
IX = = 0.2V2 V1 [0.045 + 0.2] − 0.136 − 4 = 0
5 5
0.245V1 − 0.8V1 = 0.136
−0.067V1 + 0.567V2 − 4IX = 0 −0.555V1 = 0.136
0.136
−0.067V1 + 0.567V2 − 4(0.2V2 ) = 0 V1 = − = −0.245
0.555
−0.067V1 + 1.367V2 = 0

0.21V1 − 0.067V2 = 2.428 V1 −0.245

IX2 = = = −0.049
5 5
−0.067V1 + 1.367V2 = 0
2018-DEC-17Scheme ) For the circuit shown in
On Solving
Figure find the current IX 10 using superposition
V1 = 11.745 V2 = 0.575 theorem.

V2 0.575 Ix 4 2
IX = = = 0.115
5 5

20 V +-
V1 15  V2 5A +
- 2I x
IX
7
5
2A 4I X Figure 10
Solution:

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 2
 V1
Ix 4 2
Ix =
4

+- [0.75]V1 − 0.25V1 = 10
20 V +
- 2I x V1 =
10
= 20
0.5

Figure 11
V1 20
Ix = = =5
4 4
20 − 6IX − 2IX = 0 2017-June ) Using superposition theorem find the
20 current in 6 Ω resistor in circuit shown in Figure 14.
IX = = 2.5A
8
1 2Vx
Ix 4 V1 2 - Vx +
- +
I
18 V +- 6
3A

5A +
- 2I x Figure 14
Solution:
Figure 12 1 2Vx
- +
- Vx + I
V1 V1 − 2Ix
+ −5 = 0 18 V +- 6
4 2
(0.25 + 0.5)V1 − Ix = 5

Figure 15
V1
Ix = = 0.25V1
4
18 − 1I + 2VX − 6I = 0
[0.75]V1 − 0.25V1 = 5
5
V1 = = 10 VX = I
0.5

V1 10 18 − 1I + 2VX − 6I = 0
Ix = = = 2.5
4 4 18 − 1I + 2(I) − 6I = 0
Verification 18
I = = 3.6
5
Ix 4 V1 2
1 V1 2Vx
- +
20 V +- - Vx + I
5A +
- 2I x 3A 6

Figure 13
Figure 16
V1 − 20 V1 − 2Ix
+ −5 = 0
4 2 V1 V1 + 2Vx
(0.25 + 0.5)V1 − Ix = 10 + −3 = 0
1 6
(1 + 0.166)V1 + 0.333Vx = 3

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 3
 Vx = V1 V1
I =
3
1.166V1 + 0.33V1 = 3
3
V1 = =2 [0.8333]V1 − 0.5V1 = 7
1.5 7
V1 = = 21
V1 10 0.333
Ix = = = 2.5
4 4
V1 21
1 V1 2Vx I =
3
=
3
=8
- +
- Vx + I Total current I in the circuit is
18 V +
- 3A 6
I = 3 − 8 = −5A

Which is flowing opposite to the direction.

Figure 17 Verification
2016-June ) Using superposition theorem find the
current I in circuit shown in Figure 18.
I 3 V1 2

I 3 2
24 V +-
7A + 3I
-
24 V +-
7A +
- 3I
Figure 21

Figure 18
Solution: V1 − 24 V1 − 3I
+ −7 = 0
I 3 2 3 2
(0.333 + 0.5)V1 − 1.5I = 15

24 V +-
+
- 3I
V1 − 24
I = = 0.333V1 − 8
3
Figure 19
(0.833)V1 − 1.5(0.333V1 − 8) = 15
24 − 5I − 3I = 0 (0.833)V1 − 0.5V1 + 12 = 15
24 0.333V1 = 3
I = =3
8 3
V1 = =9
0.333
I 3 V1 2
V1 − 24 9 − 24
I = = = −5
3 3
7A + 2015-Dec ) Find IX for the circuit shown in Figure
- 3I 22 using superposition theorem.

Figure 20 2 4 4
IX
12 V +- 12 V +- 8V +-
V1 V1 − 3I
+ −7 = 0
3 2
(0.333 + 0.5)V1 − 1.5I = 7 Figure 22
Solution:

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 4
 V1
2 4 4
IX 2 4 4
IX
12 V +
- +- +- +-
12 V 12 V 8V

Figure 23
Figure 26

V − 12 V V V − 12 V − 12 V − 8
+ + = 0 + + = 0
2 4 4 2 4 4
V = 6 V = 11

V − 12 11 − 12
I = = = −0.25
V 6 4 4
I = = = 1.5
4 4 2011-June ) Find V using the principle of
superposition in network shown in Figure 27 .
3 2 1
2 4 4 - VA 
IX 4V +-
2A 5 + 2VA
12 V +
-
-
Figure 27
Figure 24 Solution:
3 2 V1 1

V V − 12 V - VA 
+ + = 0 4V +- 5
2 4 4 + 2VA
-
V = 3

Figure 28
V − 12 3 − 12
I = = = −2.25
4 4
V1 − 4 V1 V1 − 2VA
+ + = 0
5 5 1
V1 (0.2 + 0.2 + 1) − 2VA = 0.8
2 4 4
IX 
V1 − 4

8V +- VA = 3 = 0.6V1 − 2.4
5

Figure 25 1.4V1 − 2(0.6V1 − 2.4) = 0.8

1.4V1 − 1.2V1 + 4.8 = 0.8
0.2V1 = −4
V V V −8
+ + = 0 4
2 4 4 V1 = − = −20
0.2
V = 2
 
V1 − 4
VA = 3 = 0.6(−20) − 2.4 = −14.4
V 2 5
I = = = 0.5
4 4
3 V1 2 V2 1
Total current IX is
- VA 
I = 1.5 − 2.25 + 0.5 = −0.25 2A 5 + 2VA
-
Verification

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 5
 Figure 29 Figure 31
Voltage across 3 Ω resistor is
V1 V1 − V2 6
+ −2 = 0 V1 = 3 = 4V
3 2 3 + 1.5
(0.33 + 0.5)V1 − 0.5V2 = 2 By considering 18 Volt supply the circuit is redrawn
(0.833)V1 − 0.5V2 = 2 which is as shown in Figure 32

V2 − V1 V2 V2 − 2VA
2 2 3
+ + = 0 3
2 5 1
−0.5V1 + (0.2 + 0.5 + 1)V1 − 2VA =
−0.5V1 + 1.7V1 − 2VA =
6 +- 18 V 6 +- 18 V

VA = V1
Figure 32
−2.5V1 + 1.7V1 = 0 The network resistance is
2×3
Rt = 6 + = 7.2
2+3
0.833V1 − 0.5V2 = 2 The total current flowing in the network is
−2.5V1 + 1.7V1 = 0 18
I= = 2.5A
Rt
V1 = 20.46 V2 = 30.1 Current through 3 Ω resistor is
1.2
Total Voltage VA is I = 2.5 = 1A
3
VA = 20.46 V2 = −14.4 + 20.46 = 6.06V Voltage across 3 Ω resistor is
2014-July Find the voltage across 3Ω resistor using V2 = 1 × 3 = 3V
superposition theorem for the circuit shown in
By considering 2A current source the circuit is
Figure 30
redrawn which is as shown in Figure 33
6V
+-
2 3
2 3
2A
2A 6
6 +- 18 V

Figure 33
Figure 30: 2014-July-Question Paper
Solution:
By considering 6 Volt supply the circuit is redrawn 6 2 3 2A
which is as shown in Figure 31
6V
+- Figure 34
The network resistance is
2 3
6V 1 1 1
Rt = + + ≈ 1Ω
+- 6 2 3
6 Current through 3 Ω resistor is
1.5 3
2
I = 1 = 0.6666A
3

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 6
Voltage across 3 Ω resistor is Using current divider rule the current is

V3 = −0.666 × 3 = −2V −j1 −j1

I2 = 2∠0 = 2∠0 = 2∠0
j2 − j1 j1
The overall Voltage across 3 Ω resistor by
By considering Current source of 2∠90 A the circuit
considering all the voltage sources is
is redrawn which is as shown in Figure 38
V = V1 + V2 + V3 = 4 + 3 − 2 = 5V I
j2
——————————————–
2012-DEC Using superposition theorem obtain the j2 -j1 -j1
response I for the circuit shown in Figure 35
81350 V I
- + 2 2900 A 2 2900 A
j2 -j1

I Figure 38
20 A
0
2 290 A
0
Using current divider rule the current is
−j1 −j1
I3 = 2∠90 = 2∠90 = 2∠90
j2 − j1 j1
Figure 35: 2012-DEC-Question Paper
Solution: The direction of the current is reversed
By considering Voltage source the circuit is redrawn
I3 = −2∠90
which is as shown in Figure 36
81350 V The total current in the inductor is

- + I = I1 +I2 +I3 = −8∠135+2∠0−2∠90 = −(−5.65+j5.65)+2+

j2 -j1
7.65-j7.65=
I = 10.8283∠ − 45
I
2 ———————————-
2012-June Determine the current through 10 Ω
resistance using superposition theorem for the
Figure 36 circuit shown in Figure 35
There is no current flows in Voltage across 2 Ω
resistor. Current through inductor is
j15 -j5
By KVL
+ I +
I1 (j2 − j1) + 8∠135 = 0 2000 V 10 10900 V
8∠135 8∠135 - -
I1 = − × j2 = − × j2
j2 − j1 j1
I1 = −8∠135 Figure 39: 2012-June1-1-Question Paper
Solution:
By considering Current source of 2A the circuit is By considering 20 V Voltage source the circuit is
redrawn which is as shown in Figure 37 redrawn which is as shown in Figure 36
-j1
j15 -j5
j2 -j1 j2
+ I
I I 2000 V 10
200 A 2 200 A 2 -

Figure 37 Figure 40

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 7
By using current division method the current Figure 42: 2011-December-Question Paper
through 10 Ω resistance is Solution:
By considering single voltage 10∠0, the circuit is
V1 V1 V1 20 redrawn which is as shown in Figure 36
+ + =
10 −j5 j15 j15
V1 [0.1 + j0.2 − j0.0666] = −j1.333
1+j1 1 -j1
V1 [0.1 + j0.1334] = −j1.333
0.1666∠53.14V1 = −1.333∠90 + I1
−1.333∠90 1000 V 1
V1 = - Z3
0.1666∠53.14 j2
= −8∠36.86
−8∠36.86
I= = −0.8∠36.86 = −0.64 − j0.48
10 Figure 43
By applying node voltage method
j15 -j5
1 1 1 10
V1 [ + + ] =
1 + 1j 1 + j2 1 − j1 1 + j1
I + 1 − j1 1 + j1 1 − j2 10
10 10900 V V1 [ + + ] =
2 2 3 1 + j1
-
10
Figure 41 V1 [0.5 − j0.5 + 0.5 + j0.5 + 0.33 − j0.666] =
1 + j1
By using current division method the current V1 [1.333 − j0.666] = 7.07∠ − 45
through 10 Ω resistance is
V1 1.5∠ − 26.54 = 7.07∠ − 45
V2 V2 V2 10∠90 7.07∠ − 45
+ + = V1 = = 4.713∠ − 18.46
10 −j5 j15 −j5 1.5∠ − 26.54
V2 [0.1 + j0.2 − j0.0666] = 2∠180 Current through Z3 is
V2 [0.1 + j0.1334] = −2 V1 4.713∠ − 18.46
0.1666∠53.14V2 = −2 I1 = =
1 + j2 2.23∠63.43
−2
V2 = I1 = 2.1∠ − 81.89
0.1666∠53.14
= −12∠ − 53.14 By considering single voltage 10∠0, the circuit is
redrawn which is as shown in Figure ??
The total current by considering both the sources is 1+j1 1 -j1
−12∠ − 53.14
I2 = = −1.2∠−53.14 = −0.72+j0.96
10 I2 +
1 10  600 V
Z3 -
I = I1 + I2 = −0.64 − j0.48 − 0.72 + j0.96 j2
= −1.36 + j0.48 = 1.422∠160.56
——————————- Figure 44
2011-December Determine the current through Z3 By applying node voltage method
using superposition theorem for the circuit shown in
Figure 42 1 1 1 10∠ − 60
V2 [ + + ] =
1 + 1j 1 + j2 1 − j1 1 + j1
1+j1 1 -j1 1 − j1 1 + j1 1 − j2 10∠ − 60
V2 [ + + ] =
2 2 3 1 + j1
+ I +
1000 V 1 10  600 V
- Z3 - 10∠ − 60
j2 V2 [0.5 − j0.5 + 0.5 + j0.5 + 0.33 − j0.666] =
1 + j1
V2 [1.333 − j0.666] = 7.07∠ − 15

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 8
 V2 1.5∠ − 26.54 = 7.07∠ − 15
7.07∠ − 15
V2 = = 4.713∠11.53 10i1 − 5i2 = 4
1.5∠ − 26.54
11i1 − 6i2 = 0
Current through Z3 is
V2 4.713∠11.53
I2 = =
1 + j2 2.23∠63.43
10 −5
I2 = 2.1∠ − 51.9 ∆= = −60 + 55 = −5
11 −6
The total current by considering both the sources
4 −5
is
0 −6 −24
−12∠ − 53.14 i1 = = = 4.8A
I2 = = −1.2∠−53.14 = −0.72+j0.96 ∆ −5
10
VA = −3i1 = −3 × 4.8 = 14.4V

I = I1 + I2 = 2.1∠ − 81.89 + 2.1∠ − 51.9 By considering single current source 2A, the circuit
is redrawn which is as shown in Figure 37
= 0.29 − j2 + 1.29 − j1.65
= 1.58 − j3.65 = 3.977∠ − 66.6 3 V1 2 V2 1

—————————– - VA 
2011-June Determine VA using superposition theo- 2A 5 + 2VA
rem for the circuit shown in Figure 45
-

3 2 1 Figure 47
- VA  By applying KCL (Node analysis)
4V +
- 2A 5 + 2VA
For Node V1
- 1 1 V2
V1 [ + ] − −2 = 0
3 2 2
0.833V1 − 0.5V2 = 2
Figure 45: 2011-December-Question Paper
Solution:
By considering single voltage 4 volts, the circuit is For Node V
2
redrawn which is as shown in Figure 36 For Node VA = V1
3 2 1
1 1 1 V1 2VA
V2 [ + + ] − − = 0
- VA  1 5 2 2 1
4V +
- i1 5 i2 + 2VA 2V1
- V2 [1 + 0.2 + 0.5] − 0.5V1 − = 0
1
−2.5V1 + 1.7V2 = 0
Figure 46 2.5V1 − 1.7V2 = 0
By applying KVL for the loops
Simultaneous equations are

5i1 + 5(i1 − i2 ) − 4 = 0 0.833V1 − 0.5V2 = 2

10i1 − 5i2 = 4 2.5V1 − 1.7V2 = 0

VA = −3i1
0.833 −0.5
∆= = −1.416 + 1.25 = −0.166
2.5 −1.7

1i2 + 5(i2 − i1 ) + 2VA = 0 2 −0.5

−5i1 + 6i2 + 2(−3i1 ) = 0 0 −1.7 −3.4
V1 = = = 20.4
−11i1 + 6i2 = 0 ∆ −0.166
11i1 − 6i2 = 0 By Superposition theorem

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 9
 V1 = −14.4 + 20.4 = 6V
12.5I1 − 7.5I2 + 0I3 = 0
2000-August Find the current through RL = 7.5Ω, −7.5I1 + 13.5I2 − 2I3 = 0
using superposition theorem as shown in Figure 48
0I1 − 2I2 + 4I3 = 20
4

2 12.5 −7.5 0
10 A 5 2
RL +- ∆= −7.5 13.5 −2
20 V
0 −2 4
Figure 48: 2000-August-Question Paper 12.5(54-4)+7.5(-30)=625-225=400
Solution:
Replace the voltage source by short circuit. 2Ω and 0 −7.5 0
2 Ω are in parallel which is in series with 4 Ω. The 0 13.5 −2
details are as shown in Figure 49 20 −2 4
I1 =
∆
4
20(15)=300
2
10 A 2 300
5 RL I1 = = 0.75
400

Figure 49 12.5 0 0
−7.5 0 −2
0 20 4
2Ω||2Ω = 1Ω I1 =
∆
4Ω + 1Ω = 5Ω 12.5(40)=500
5 Ω and 5 Ω are in parallel 500
I2 = = 1.25
400
5Ω||5Ω = 2.5Ω Current through RL is

IL I2 − I1 = 1.25 − 0.75 = 0.5

5 RL 2.5 RL
5
10 A 7.5 10 A 7.5 Current through RL by considering both the sources
is
Figure 50
IL = 2.5 + 0.5 = 3A
The current through 5 RL using current division
method is ———————————-
2.5
IL1 = 10A = 2.5A
2.5 + 7.5
By removing the current source the circuit is as
shown in Figure 51

4

I1 2
5 R L I2 2  I3
+-
7.5 20 V

Figure 51
Apply KVL and solve for loop currents

2.5
IL = 10A = 2.5A
2.5 + 7.5

Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga [email protected] 10