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This document discusses image processing and pattern recognition in the frequency domain. It covers topics such as: - The difference between the spatial and frequency domains when working with images - Common transforms used to convert signals to the frequency domain like the Fourier transform - The differences between the Fourier series and Fourier transform and why the Fourier transform is used for images - Common filters applied in the frequency domain for tasks like blurring and sharpening images - How high pass filters emphasize edges while low pass filters emphasize smooth regions

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34 views6 pages

Image Sara202123039

This document discusses image processing and pattern recognition in the frequency domain. It covers topics such as: - The difference between the spatial and frequency domains when working with images - Common transforms used to convert signals to the frequency domain like the Fourier transform - The differences between the Fourier series and Fourier transform and why the Fourier transform is used for images - Common filters applied in the frequency domain for tasks like blurring and sharpening images - How high pass filters emphasize edges while low pass filters emphasize smooth regions

Uploaded by

hkun45264
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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October 6 University Faculty of IS & CS

Image ProcessIng
&

Pattern recognItIon

Fourth Level

202117359

Assignment 6
Frequency domain, Fourier Analysis, Filters
for Images

Sara Elsayed Mohamed

202123039

Dr. Hussam Elbehiery


2023
Assignment 6
Frequency domain, Fourier Analysis, Filters
for Images
1. In spatial domain for an image, we deal with images as it is. The value of the
pixels of the image change with respect to -scene-. Whereas in frequency domain,

we deal with the -rate- at which the pixel values are changing in spatial domain.

In simple spatial domain, we directly deal with the image --matrix.-.


2. Frequency Domain, we first transform the image to its frequency convolution.
and the output in this case is not an image, but a transformation. After performing
proportional transformation, it is converted into an image which is then viewed in
spatial domain. (False - True)…disribution….inverse

3. A signal can be converted from time domain into frequency domain using
mathematical operators called transforms. There are many kinds of
transformation that does this. States four ways to do that?

✓ Fourier Series

✓ Fourier Transformation

✓ Laplace Transform

✓ Z Transform

4. Any image in spatial domain can be represented in a frequency domain.


When dividing frequency components into two major components, could you
explain what do each component corresponds to?
Fourier Series Fourier transform
Fourier series simply states that periodic The Fourier transform simply states that that
the non-periodic signals whose area under the
signals can be represented into sum of sines
curve is finite can also be represented into
and cosines when multiplied with a certain integrals of the sines and cosines after being
multiplied by a certain weight.
weight. It further states that periodic signals
can be broken down into further signals with
the following properties:

✓ The signals are sines and cosines.

✓ The signals are harmonics of each other.

5. Fourier series: (periodic – non periodic) signals can be represented into sum of
sines and cosines when multiplied with a certain weight. It further states that
(periodic – non periodic) signals can be broken down into further signals with the
following properties: The signals are sines and cosines, and the signals are
(consistent – harmonics) of each other.
6. The Fourier transform simply states that that the periodic signals whose area under the
curve is infinite can also be represented into integrals of the sines and cosines after
being multiplied by a certain weight. (False - True)...non-periodic….Finite

7. The Fourier transform has many wide applications that include, image
compression, - (e.g., JPEG compression), filtering - and image analysis.
8. Express the difference between Fourier series and transform?
• Although both Fourier series and Fourier transform are given by
Fourier, but the difference between them is Fourier series is applied on
periodic signals and Fourier transform is applied for non-periodic
signals.
• Now the question is that which one is applied on the images, the Fourier
series or the Fourier transform. Well, the answer to this question lies in
the fact that what images are. Images are non-periodic. And since the
images are non-periodic, so Fourier transform is used to convert them
into frequency domain.
• Since we are dealing with images, and in fact digital images, so for digital
images we will be working on discrete Fourier transform.

9. After converting an image to frequency domain, some filters are applied in


filtering process to perform different kind of processing on an image. The
processing includes -- blurring-- an image, - sharpening- an image.
10. State the common types of filters applied for image?

✓ Ideal high pass filter

✓ Ideal low pass filter

✓ Gaussian high pass filter

✓ Gaussian low pass filter


11. The high pass frequency components denote -- edges-- whereas the low pass
frequency components denote --- smooth--- regions.
12. An ideal high pass filter can be applied on an image. But obviously the results
would be different as, the low pass reduces the (edged – bordered) content and the
high pass (increase – decrease) it.

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Good Luck

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