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Answers Ch2.1-2.2

This document contains sample answers to exercises from a chapter on linear algebra. It includes: 1) Solutions to systems of linear equations and their representations as ordered tuples. 2) Descriptions of the geometric interpretations of the solutions to systems of equations, such as the intersection of lines and planes. 3) Verification that properties of matrix operations, such as the distributive property, are satisfied by the given matrices.

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102 views3 pages

Answers Ch2.1-2.2

This document contains sample answers to exercises from a chapter on linear algebra. It includes: 1) Solutions to systems of linear equations and their representations as ordered tuples. 2) Descriptions of the geometric interpretations of the solutions to systems of equations, such as the intersection of lines and planes. 3) Verification that properties of matrix operations, such as the distributive property, are satisfied by the given matrices.

Uploaded by

ntokozocecilia81
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WTW 124: Selected Answers to Chapter 2 (2.1 & 2.

2)

Exercise 2.1

1 (a) hx, yi = h0, 0i


√ √
1 (b) hx, yi = h−2, −2i or hx, yi = h0, − 2i or hx, yi = h0, 2i or hx, yi = h1, 1i

1 (c) hx, y, zi = h4, 3, 2i

1 (d) z = 1, x2 + y 2 = 3

1 (e) No solution

1 (f) hx1 , x2 , x3 , x4 i = h1, 1, 1, 1i

1 (g) hx, yi = h−2, −4i or hx, yi = h−2, 4i or hx, yi = h2, −4i or hx, yi = h2, 4i

1 (h) hx, yi = h0, 0i or hx, yi = h 41 , − 21 i

1 (i) hx, y, zi = h 11 9
5 , − 5 , −2i

1 (j) hx1 , x2 , x3 , x4 i = h1, 2, 2, 1i

1 (k) hx, y, zi = h3, 4, 1i

2 (a) Two lines in the plane intersect at a single point h0, 0i.

2 (c) Three planes intersect in a single point h4, 3, 2i.

2 (e) Three planes with no common point.

2 (h) A line intersecting a parabola in two points, h0, 0i and h 41 , − 12 i.

2 (i) Three planes intersect in a single point h 11 9


5 , − 5 , −2i.

2 (k) Three planes intersect in a single point h3, 4, 1i.

3. y − x3 + x = 0 and 3x − y = 0. The solutions are hx, yi = h0, 0i or hx, yi = h−2, −6i or


hx, yi = h2, 6i.

Exercise 2.2
   
    11 53
0 1 3 4
1. B − C = , B + 2C = , Ax̄ =  −9 , AB x̄ =  −11 ,
2 3 2 3
32 138
 
3 3  
3 5
ABC = −1 −1 , BCB =
  .
6 10
8 8
A + C is undefined, since A and C have different sizes.
BA is undefined, since B has size 2 × 2 and A has size 3 × 2.
   
1 2 3 2
2. A = and B =
2 0 1 0

1
3 (a) We have

(r + s)A = [(r + s)aij ] [Definition of scalar multiplication]

= [raij + saij ] [Distributive law in R]

= [raij ] + s[sa ij] [Definition of matrix addition]

= rA + sA [Definition of scalar multiplication]

  
1 1 2 0
4 (a) AB = and BA =
1 1 2 0
     
2 0 3 0 6 0
4 (b) If A = and B = then AB = BA =
0 0 0 0 0 0

6 AB, so (A + B)2 = A2 + AB + BA + B 2 .
4 (c) No. In general AB =
 
−1 −1
4 (d) A =
1 1
 
1 1 1
4 (e) B =  −1 −1 1 
0 0 0

5 (c) Use the appropriate properties of matrix addition, matrix multiplication and scalar multi-
plication.
       
2 1 4 3 1 6 4 1 8 n 1 2n
6. A = ,A = ,A = ,A =
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

7 (a) p = 5, q = −2, r = −2 and s = 1; AP = I

7 (b) There are no such values for p, q, r and s.

7 (c) a = 0, b = 21 , c = 0, d = − 12
1
, e = 0, f = 14 , g = 31 , h = 0 and i = 0; ST = I

7 (d) If AB = I then BA = I = AB.


   
3 −2 8 9
8 (a)  −2 2 1  x̄ =  3 
1 2 −3 8
   
1 −1 1 −1 0
 1 1 1 1 
 x̄ =  6 
 
8 (b) 
 1 2 4 8   21 
1 3 9 27 52

5x + 2y = 9
9 (a) .
0 = 5
The system has no solution. Two parallel lines in the plane.
7x + 2y + z = 0
9 (b) 2y + 3z = 1 .
4z = −12
hx, y, zi = h−1, 5, −3i. Three planes intersect in a single point.

2
2x + 3z = 11
9 (c) 0 = 0 .
2z = 6
hx, y, zi = h1, t, 3i, t ∈ R. Two planes intersect in a line.

x + 2y + 3z = 7
9 (d) 4x + 5y + 6z = 8 . The system has no solution. Three planes without a common point.
0 = 9

(10) Let C = AB − BA. Calculate c11 + c22 .

(11) Apply the definitions of the transpose and matrix multiplication.

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