Answer key – S3 FYE preparation 2

1 C 11 D 21 D 31 D 41 A 51 D
2 D 12 D 22 D 32 C 42 D 52 B
3 B 13 B 23 B 33 C 43 A 53 D
4 C 14 D 24 A 34 D 44 C
5 D 15 D 25 D 35 D 45 B
6 D 16 B 26 A 36 B 46 A
7 C 17 A 27 C 37 C 47 B
8 B 18 C 28 B 38 C 48 B
9 A 19 C 29 A 39 D 49 B
10 A 20 B 30 D 40 B 50 D
Mark scheme - Strucrure Questions - FYE prep 2

Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) A 1

1(a)(ii) B and C 1

1(a)(iii) D 1

1(a)(iv) A 1

1(a)(v) A 1

1(a)(vi) carbon dioxide and water 1

1(b)(i) bitumen 1

1(b)(ii) refinery gas 1

1(b)(iii) refinery gas 1

1(b)(iv) kerosene 1

1(b)(v) heated / boiled / evaporated / vaporised 1

Question Answer Marks

2(a) any 2 from: 2

• forward and backward reactions occur at equal rates
• amounts / moles / concentrations (of substances) remain constant
• closed system

2(b) M1 (particles) have more energy OR (particles) move faster 1

M2 more collisions per second OR greater collision rate 1

M3 more (of the) particles / collisions have energy greater than the 1
activation energy OR more particles / collisions have sufficient energy to
react OR a greater percentage / proportion / fraction of collisions are
successful

2(c) M1 equilibrium moves left / yield decreases 1

M2 because the forward reaction is exothermic OR because the reverse 1

reaction is endothermic

2(d) M1 no change 1

M2 numbers of moles of gas on each side is the same 1

Question Answer Marks

3(a)(i) arrow labelled A on or near wire going in an anti-clockwise direction 1

3(a)(ii) arrow labelled B in electrolyte pointing towards the cathode 1

3(b)(i) electrons are lost 1

3(b)(ii) M1 Cu2+ ions on left 1

M2 rest of equation correct and correctly balanced 1

(Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu scores [2])

3(c) M1 anode mass decreases 1

M2 copper lost as ions OR copper (atoms) becomes ions OR 1

Cu → Cu2+ + 2e–

M3 cathode mass increases 1

M4 copper deposited / layer of copper forms / copper collected at cathode 1

OR Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu

Question Answer Marks

4(a) carbon dioxide reacts with carbon / coke 1

OR
CO2 + C → 2CO

4(b) M1 CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 1

M2 CaO is a base 1

M3 SiO2 is an acid 1

4(c)(i) (the carbon makes the iron too) brittle 1

4(c)(ii) reacted with oxygen / oxygen blown in 1

4(d)(i) zinc blende 1

4(d)(ii) 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2 1

4(d)(iii) any 2 from: 2

• forms acid rain
• kills trees / plants
• kills fish
• damages (limestone / marble) buildings / statues
• causes breathing difficulties

4(d)(iv) M1 zinc boils 1

M2 (both) impurities do not boil because their boiling point is above 1

1000 °C
Question Answer Marks

5(a)(i) circle drawn round two consecutive carbons which includes 3 H atoms 1
and 1 Cl atom

5(a)(ii) 1

5(a)(iii) M1 stays yellow / orange / brown or no change 1

M2 becomes colourless 1

5(b)(i) polyamide 1

5(b)(ii) circle must include exactly two C=O, two N–H, one shaded square and 1
one unshaded square

5(b)(iii) M1 1

M2 1

5(c)(i) M1 1
34.61/12 : 61.54/16 : 3.85/1 OR 2.885 : 3.846 : 3.85

M2 1
2.885/2.885 : 3.846/2.885 : 3.85/2.885 OR 1 : 1.3(33) : 1.3(33) OR 3:4:4

M3 1
C3O4H4

5(c)(ii) relative formula mass / relative molecular mass 1

Question Answer Marks

6(a)(i) 450 °C 1

200 atmospheres 1

6(a)(ii) iron 1

6(b)(i) 4(NO) 1

5(O2) AND 6(H2O) 1

6(b)(ii) lower yield of NO / lower yield of nitric acid / lower yield of product / equilibrium shifts to left (at higher 1
temperatures) / backward reaction favoured(at higher temperatures) ORA

6(b)(iii) too slow / rate decreases ORA 1

6(c) 4NO + 3O2 + 2H2O → 4HNO3 2

M1 all formulae correct
M2 balancing

6(d) add copper(II) carbonate (to acid) until it stops dissolving or no more effervescence / bubbling / fizzing 1

filter (to remove copper(II) carbonate) 1

evaporate / heat / warm / boil / leave in sun 1

AND
until most of the water has gone / some water is left / evaporate some of the water / until it is concentrated / saturation
(point) / crystallisation point / crystals form on glass rod or microscope slide / crystals start to form

(for any solution) leave / allow to cool / allow to crystallise 1

OR
(for any crystals) filter / wash / dry with filter paper / dry in warm place / dry in a (low) oven / leave to dry

formula of Cu(NO3)2 1

equation: CuCO3 + 2HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O 1

Question Answer Marks

7(a) any 3 from: 3

• catalyst
• more than one / variable oxidation state / oxidation number / valency
• form coloured compounds / coloured ions
• forms complex ions / complexes

7(b) add sodium hydroxide (solution) / NaOH / potassium hydroxide (solution) / KOH 1

zinc oxide dissolves / reacts OR copper(II) oxide does not dissolve / react 1

filter / decant / centrifuge (copper(II) oxide) 1

7(c)(i) Zn → Zn2+ + 2e / 2e– 2

M1 formula of Zn2+ on the right-hand side
M2 equation fully correct

7(c)(ii) zinc / Zn 1
nickel / Ni
copper / Cu

7(c)(iii) copper (+) and nickel (–) 1

0.59 V 1
Question Answer Marks

8(a)(i) 393 (kJ) 1

8(a)(ii) 416 (kJ) 1

8(a)(iii) –23 (kJ / mol) 1

Question Answer Marks

9(a)(i) alkene 1

carboxylic acid 1

9(a)(ii) any 2 from: 2

• same / similar chemical properties
• (same) general formula
• (consecutive members) differ by CH2
• same functional group
• common (allow similar) methods of preparation
• physical properties vary in predictable manner / show trends / gradually change / example of a physical property
variation

9(b) carboxylic acid / aldehyde 1

ester 1

9(c)(i) colourless / decolourised 1

bubbles / fizzing / effervescence 1

9(c)(ii) addition 1

repeat unit

continuation bonds at both ends 1

Question Answer Marks

10(a) exothermic mark: horizontal line representing the energy of the products below the energy of the reactants 1

label of products mark: product line labelled with 2CO2 + 3H2O 1

correct direction of vertical heat of reaction arrow: arrow starts level with reactant energy and finishes level with product 1
energy AND has (only) one arrow head

10(b) activation energy / Ea 1

10(c) –650 kJ / mol 4
M1 bonds broken
2 × ((3 × 410) + 360 + 460) + (3 × 500)
2 × (1230 + 360 + 460) + 1500
2 × 2050 + 1500
4100 + 1500 = 5600
M2 bonds formed
(2 × (2 × 805)) + (4 × (2 × 460))
2 × 1610 + 4 × 920
3220 + 3680 = 6900
M3 = M1 – M2
energy change of reaction = 5600 – 6900 = –1300
M4 = M3 / 2

10(d)(i) cracking 1

10(d)(ii) C12H26 → 3C2H4 + C6H14 2

M1 C12H26
M2 rest of equation

10(d)(iii) phosphoric acid 1

heat 1

10(d)(iv) addition / hydration 1

10(d)(v) measure its boiling temperature 1

compare to (known) data 1

Question Answer Marks

10(e)(i) any 2 from: 2

• 37 °C
• anaerobic
• glucose is aqueous
• yeast

10(e)(ii) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 2

M1 CO2 as a product
M2 Rest of equation

10(e)(iii) yeast is killed by the ethanol 1

10(e)(v) slow rate of reaction 1

10(e)(v) uses renewable resources / does not use a finite resource 1

10(e)(vi) fractional distillation 1

10(f)(i) CH3O 1

10(f)(ii) no (C=C) double bonds 1

10(f)(iii) at least two alternating rectangles with attempted linking 1

one displayed ester link (all atoms and all bonds) 1

fully correct structure with at least one repeat unit including continuation bonds from correct atom or rectangle 1

10(f)(iv) polyester 1
Question Answer Marks

11(a) the breakdown (into elements) 1

of an (ionic) compound by (the passage of) electricity 1

11(b)(i) oxygen 1

11(b)(ii) glowing splint 1

relights 1
11(b)(iii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2 2
M1 gain of electrons by H+
M2 rest of equation

11(c) the wires: electrons 1

the electrolyte: ions 1

11(d) any 2 from: 2

• green gas at positive electrode
• bulb is brighter
• rate of bubbles increases

11(e)(i) anode made of: impure copper 1

cathode made of: (pure) copper 1

electrolyte of: (aqueous) copper sulfate 1

11(e)(ii) silver (impurities) fall to the bottom of the cell 1

zinc (impurities) (dissolve) into solution (as ions) 1

because zinc is more reactive than copper AND silver is less reactive than copper 1
Question Answer Marks

12(a) both colours referred to correctly as observations in both parts of the answer 1

(if sulfuric acid is added to solution Y,) equilibrium moves to the right-hand side 1

because the concentration of acid has increased 1

(if sodium hydroxide is added to solution Y,) equilibrium moves to the left-hand side 1

because sodium hydroxide reacts with / neutralises sulfuric acid 1

12(b)(i) 210 cm3 2

M1 expected volume of hydrogen = 300 cm3
M2 70% of M1

12(b)(ii) fewer moles / molecules / particles (of gas) on the left-hand side 1

12(b)(iii) endothermic 1

12(b)(iv) increases rate (of reaction) 1