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1 Introduction

Hydraulic structures are used to manage and control water flow. They include dams, weirs, barrages, and navigation locks. Hydraulic structures can be classified based on their material (e.g. concrete, stone), function (e.g. flow control, energy dissipation), or type (e.g. water retaining, inland navigation). Proper design requires collecting data on factors like discharge, temperature, and geology. Hydraulic structures impact groundwater levels and sediment transport in waterways.

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TWIZEYIMANA Theoneste
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28 views17 pages

1 Introduction

Hydraulic structures are used to manage and control water flow. They include dams, weirs, barrages, and navigation locks. Hydraulic structures can be classified based on their material (e.g. concrete, stone), function (e.g. flow control, energy dissipation), or type (e.g. water retaining, inland navigation). Proper design requires collecting data on factors like discharge, temperature, and geology. Hydraulic structures impact groundwater levels and sediment transport in waterways.

Uploaded by

TWIZEYIMANA Theoneste
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Short Introduction to Hydraulic StructuresS

2020
 Hydraulic structures are anything that can be used to divert,
restrict, stop, or manage the natural flow of water.
 They can be made from materials ranging from large rock,
concrete and wooden timbers or tree trunks.
 Dam, is a type of hydraulic structure used to hold water in a
reservoir as potential energy, just as a weir is a type of
hydraulic structure which can be used to pool water for
irrigation, establish control of the bed (grade
control)

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 2


Main Purposes of Hydraulic Structures:

❑ Construct waterways and artificial basins when the


natural water is not sufficient or is absolutely
absent in specific area.

❑ Construct some structures for special purposes like


navigation locks, and hydropower plants.

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 3


Classification of hydraulic structures on
the basis of material
 Earth fill
 Rock fill
 Concrete
 Stone masonry
 Timber
 Steel coffer

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 4


Types of Hydraulic structures:
 The hydraulic structures constructing on
waterways are divided into three types:
➢ Water retaining structures for storage water at the
upstream during flood season such as dams.
➢ Structures to raise the water level at the upstream
to feed the canals such as Barrages, small regulators
or weirs.
➢ Inland navigation structure such as navigation lock
to facilitate the passage of vessels.

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 5


Principal Hydraulics Structures

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 6


2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 7
Water Resources Investment:
Water resources investment by hydraulic structures
are found in the following areas: Oceans, Seas, Rivers
and Under-Groundwater. The main branches in
which the water resources to be invested are:

❑ Irrigation of the agriculture land


❑ Water transportation and navigation purposes
❑ Domestic use (drinking, manufactories demands)
❑ Conduct clean electrical energy

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 8


Classification of hydraulic structures on the basis of
function
❑ Flow control structures
They are used to regulate the flow and pass excess flow. They might be gates,
spillways, valves, or outlets

❑ Flow measurement structures


They are used to measure discharge. They are weirs, orifices, flumes etc.

❑ Division structures
They are used to divert the main course of water flow. They are coffer dams,
weirs, canal headwork, intake works

❑ Energy dissipation structures


They are used to prevent erosion and structural damage. They are stilling
basins, surge dams, check dams

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 9


Classification of hydraulic structures on
the basis of function
❑ River training and water stabilizing structures
They are used to maintain river channel and water transportation. Levees,
cutoffs, locks, piers, culverts

❑ Sediment and quality control structures


They are used to control or remove sediments and other pollutants. They are
racks, screens, traps, sedimentation tanks, filters, sluiceways

❑ Hydraulic machines
They are used to convert energy from one form to another. They are turbines,
pumps, ramps

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 10


Classification of hydraulic structures on
the basis of function
❑ Storage structures
They are used for the purpose of storage of water. These may be dams or
tanks etc

❑ Shore protection structures


They are used to protect banks. Dikes, groins, jetties, revetments

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 11


The design of any hydraulic structure is divided
into three phases:

➢ Hydraulic Design
➢ Structural Analysis
➢ Detailed Drawings

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 12


Required Technical Data for Design and Construction:
 Investigations to collect data and information are
the most important step to design and construct
any of a hydraulic structure. These data including
the following:

✓ Project area
✓ Geological deformation
✓ Hydraulic properties of the water way

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 13


Guidance Points for Collecting Data:
 The following points must be considered in collecting
data:
✓ Temperature degree for about 5 years at the project
location
✓ Average humidity for a year
✓ Rating curve for discharge and levels
✓ Monthly average discharge at the project location for
one year
✓ General description of the project and its components
✓ International and local specification will be used in the
design and construction
✓ Test results on the constructing materials

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 14


Examples of Hydraulic Structures
❑ Weirs
❑ Dams

❑ Spillways

❑ Water Gates

❑ Aqueducts

❑ Seawalls

❑ Revetments

❑ Dikes and Levees

❑ Groins

❑ Cofferdam

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 15


Hydraulic Structure Effect on a Water Way:
➢ Effect on Ground Water
➢ Effect on the suspended and bed loads

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 16


Hydraulic Structure Effects or a Water way

2020 Lecturer: Ir. Joseph Hahirwabasenga 17

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