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369 HW14

The document discusses subspaces and linear combinations in vector spaces. It provides definitions and examples of key concepts like span and solution space. It then presents exercises to determine if subsets are subspaces, express vectors as linear combinations, and determine if sets of vectors span vector spaces.

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Felix Petra
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25 views6 pages

369 HW14

The document discusses subspaces and linear combinations in vector spaces. It provides definitions and examples of key concepts like span and solution space. It then presents exercises to determine if subsets are subspaces, express vectors as linear combinations, and determine if sets of vectors span vector spaces.

Uploaded by

Felix Petra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Zero subspace

• Examples of subspaces
• Linear combination
• Span
• Solution space
Skills
• Determine whether a subset of a vector space is a subspace.
• Show that a subset of a vector space is a subspace.
• Show that a nonempty subset of a vector space is not a subspace by demonstrating that the set is
either not closed under addition or not closed under scalar multiplication.
• Given a set S of vectors in and a vector v in , determine whether v is a linear combination of
the vectors in S.
• Given a set S of vectors in , determine whether the vectors in S span .
• Determine whether two nonempty sets of vectors in a vector space V span the same subspace of V.

Exercise Set 4.2


1. Use Theorem 4.2.1 to determine which of the following are subspaces of .
(a) All vectors of the form (a, 0, 0).
(b) All vectors of the form (a, 1, 1).
(c) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), where .
(d) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), where .
(e) All vectors of the form (a, b, 0).

Answer:

(a), (c), (e)


2. Use Theorem 4.2.1 to determine which of the following are subspaces of .
(a) The set of all diagonal matrices.
(b) The set of all matrices A such that .
(c) The set of all matrices A such that .
(d) The set of all symmetric matrices.
(e) The set of all matrices A such that .
(f) The set of all matrices A for which has only the trivial solution.
(g) The set of all matrices A such that for some fixed matrix B.

3. Use Theorem 4.2.1 to determine which of the following are subspaces of .


(a) All polynomials for which .
(b) All polynomials for which .
(c) All polynomials of the form in which , , , and are integers.
(d) All polynomials of the form , where and are real numbers.

Answer:

(a), (b), (d)


4. Which of the following are subspaces of ?
(a) All functions f in for which .
(b) All functions f in for which .
(c) All functions f in for which .
(d) All polynomials of degree 2.

5. Which of the following are subspaces of ?


(a) All sequences v in of the form .
(b) All sequences v in of the form .
(c) All sequences v in of the form .
(d) All sequences in whose components are 0 from some point on.

Answer:

(a), (c), (d)


6. A line L through the origin in can be represented by parametric equations of the form , ,
and . Use these equations to show that L is a subspace of by showing that if and
are points on L and k is any real number, then k and are also points on L.
7. Which of the following are linear combinations of and ?
(a) (2,2,2)
(b) (3,1,5)
(c) (0, 4, 5)
(d) (0, 0, 0)

Answer:

(a), (b), (d)


8. Express the following as linear combinations of , , and .
(a)
(b) (6,11,6)
(c) (0,0,0)
(d) (7,8,9)

9. Which of the following are linear combinations of


(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Answer:

(a), (b), (c)


10. In each part express the vector as a linear combination of , , and
.
(a)
(b)
(c) 0
(d)

11. In each part, determine whether the given vectors span .


(a) , ,
(b) , ,
(c) , , ,
(d) , , ,

Answer:

(a) The vectors span


(b) The vectors do not span
(c) The vectors do not span
(d) The vectors span

12. Suppose that , , and . Which of the following


vectors are in ?
(a)
(b) (0, 0, 0, 0)
(c) (1,1, 1, 1)
(d)

13. Determine whether the following polynomials span .


Answer:

The polynomials do not span


14. Let and . Which of the following lie in the space spanned by f and g?
(a)
(b)
(c) 1
(d)
(e) 0

15. Determine whether the solution space of the system is a line through the origin, a plane through the
origin, or the origin only. If it is a plane, find an equation for it. If it is a line, find parametric equations for
it.
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Answer:

(a) Line;

(b) Line;
(c) Origin
(d) Origin
(e) Line;
(f) Plane;

16. (Calculus required) Show that the following sets of functions are subspaces of .
(a) All continuous functions on .
(b) All differentiable functions on .
(c) All differentiable functions on that satisfy .

17. (Calculus required) Show that the set of continuous functions on [a, b] such that

is a subspace of C[a, b].


18. Show that the solution vectors of a consistent nonhomoge- neous system of m linear equations in n
unknowns do not form a subspace of .
19. Prove Theorem 4.2.5.
20. Use Theorem 4.2.5 to show that the vectors , , and the
vectors , span the same subspace of .

True-False Exercises

In parts (a)–(k) determine whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.

(a) Every subspace of a vector space is itself a vector space.

Answer:

True
(b) Every vector space is a subspace of itself.

Answer:

True
(c) Every subset of a vector space V that contains the zero vector in V is a subspace of V.

Answer:

False
(d) The set is a subspace of .

Answer:

False
(e) The solution set of a consistent linear system of m equations in n unknowns is a subspace of .

Answer:
False
(f) The span of any finite set of vectors in a vector space is closed under addition and scalar multiplication.

Answer:

True
(g) The intersection of any two subspaces of a vector space V is a subspace of V.

Answer:

True
(h) The union of any two subspaces of a vector space V is a subspace of V.

Answer:

False
(i) Two subsets of a vector space V that span the same subspace of V must be equal.

Answer:

False
(j) The set of upper triangular matrices is a subspace of the vector space of all matrices.

Answer:

True
(k) The polynomials , , and span .

Answer:

False

Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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