External Epithelial Environment- change your external

environment
• Baths – Be sure to not bathe in regular tap water- locate a water filter shower head to
keep your aqueous solution free of as many extra chemicals and particulates as possible!
You may even wish to use UVc light to destroy any exogenous DNA that the water may
contain.
o Baking Soda
▪ Scaly skin and bath pH: Rediscovering baking soda
• https://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(09)00493-9/fulltext
▪ Old fashioned sodium bicarbonate baths for the treatment of psoriasis in the era
of futuristic biologics: an old ally to be rescued
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15897164/
▪ Effects of sodium bicarbonate bath on the quality of sleep: An assessor-blinded,
randomized, controlled, pilot clinical trial
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36528983/
▪ Antibacterial activity of baking soda
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12017929/
▪ The effects of bathing in neutral bicarbonate ion water
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8576025/
• Taken together, our results show that percutaneously absorbed carbon
dioxide changes to bicarbonate ions, which act directly on endothelial
cells to increase NO production by phosphorylation of eNOS and thus
improve blood flow.
▪ Efficacy of a Topical Formulation of Sodium Bicarbonate in Mild to Moderate
Stable Plaque Psoriasis: a Randomized, Blinded, Intrapatient, Controlled Study
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6704198/
▪ Antifungal activity of sodium bicarbonate against fungal agents causing
superficial infections
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22991095/
o Epsom Salts
▪ Permeation of topically applied Magnesium ions through human skin is
facilitated by hair follicles
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27624531/
▪ Bathing in a magnesium-rich Dead Sea salt solution improves skin barrier
function, enhances skin hydration, and reduces inflammation in atopic dry skin
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15689218/
▪ The effect of salt-water bath in the management of treatment-related peripheral
neuropathy in cancer patients receiving taxane and platinum-based treatment
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34340926/
 o Coffee/Green tea (Caffeine and catechins)
▪ Transdermal delivery of anticancer drug caffeine from water-in-oil
nanoemulsions
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092777650900
4202
▪ In vitro transdermal delivery of the major catechins and caffeine from extract of
Camellia sinensis
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037851730400
3436
• Ion/Mineral sprays
o Transdermal Mg sprays
o Schweizer formula mineral spray
▪ https://www.schweitzerformula.com/the-formula/technical-details/
o Silver lotions
▪ Transdermal uptake and organ distribution of silver from two different wound
dressings in rats after a burn trauma
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25139317/
▪ Topical Silver for Infected Wounds
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2742464/
▪ Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Knitted Fabric Made from Polyamide
Threads Coated with Silver
• https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/5/1281
▪ Room-temperature production of silver-nanofiber film for large-area,
transparent and flexible surface electromagnetic interference shielding
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41528-019-0050-8
o Oxygenated lotions
▪ Topical Oxygen Emulsion: A Novel Wound Therapy
• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/654413
▪ A Supersaturated Oxygen Emulsion for Wound Care and Skin Rejuvenation
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32550688/
▪ The antibacterial effect of topical ozone on the treatment of MRSA skin infection
• https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2017.8148
▪ Ozonated Oils as Antimicrobial Systems in Topical Applications. Their
Characterization, Current Applications, and Advances in Improved Delivery
Techniques
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7024311/
• Silver tooth paste/mouth wash
o Applications of Silver Nanoparticles in Dentistry: Advances and Technological
Innovation
▪ https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2485
o Dental Pulp Response to Silver-Containing Solutions: A Scoping Review
▪ https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/11/5/114
 o Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Oral Biofilms Related to Patients
with and without Periodontal Disease
▪ https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/14/6/311
• Nebulization (clean lungs)
o H20:H202 (1 part food grade hydrogen peroxide to 2 parts purified water + 3
drops of food grade iodine)
▪ Use of a Hydrogen Peroxide Nebulizer for Viral Disinfection of Emergency
Ambulance and Hospital Waiting Room
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8934245/
▪ Inhalation Pneumonitis Caused by Nebulized Hydrogen Peroxide
• https://www.cureus.com/articles/147548-inhalation-pneumonitis-
caused-by-nebulized-hydrogen-peroxide#!/
▪ Prospective Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the
Effects of Nano-ozonized Hydrogen Peroxide Nebulization on Results of RTPCR
for Novel Coronavirus thus Infectivity and Clinical Course among Moderately Sick
COVID-19 Patients
• https://www.jsafog.com/doi/JSAFOG/pdf/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-
1986
▪ Efficacy assessment of different time cycles of nebulized hydrogen peroxide
against bacterial and yeast biofilms
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195670122001529
o Colloidal silver
▪ Colloidal silver for lung disease in cystic fibrosis
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2443992/
▪ Treatment of infection and inflammation associated with COVID-19, multi-drug
resistant pneumonia and fungal sinusitis by nebulizing a nanosilver solution
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1549963423000059
▪ Silver colloidal nanoparticles: antifungal effect against adhered cells and biofilms
of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21756192/
▪ Silver Nanoantibiotics Display Strong Antifungal Activity Against the Emergent
Multidrug-Resistant Yeast Candida auris Under Both Planktonic and Biofilm
Growing Conditions
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01673/full
▪ Silver colloidal nanoparticle stability: influence on Candida biofilms formed on
denture acrylic
• https://academic.oup.com/mmy/article/52/6/627/2804956?login=false
▪ Striking Back against Fungal Infections: The Utilization of Nanosystems for
Antifungal Strategies
• https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/18/10104
▪ Antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against Candida spp.
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014296120900
8023
• Sinus rinse with silver
o The silver lining: towards the responsible and limited usage of silver
▪ https://ami-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jam.13525
o Topical Colloidal Silver for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis
▪ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00720/full
o Evaluation of silver nanoparticles for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in
health workers: In vitro and in vivo
▪ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.02564
01
• Menthol

o Menthol cigarettes
▪ Cellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2017.00472/full
▪ MAMMALIAN CILIATED RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM: Studies with Particular
Reference to Effects of Menthol, Nicotine, and Smoke of Mentholated and
Nonmentholated Cigarettes
• https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-
abstract/597075
▪ Menthol Cigarette Smoke Induces More Severe Lung Inflammation Than Non-
menthol Cigarette Smoke Does in Mice With Subchronic Exposure – Role of
TRPM8
 • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6305452/
▪ Human Lung Epithelial Cells Express a Functional Cold-Sensing TRPM8 Variant
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2551706/
▪ Inflammatory Effects of Menthol vs. Non-menthol Cigarette Smoke Extract on
Human Lung Epithelial Cells: A Double-Hit on TRPM8 by Reactive Oxygen Species
and Menthol
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00263/full
o Vape peppermint leaf
o Peppermint essential oil
▪ The actions of peppermint oil and menthol on calcium channel dependent
processes in intestinal, neuronal and cardiac preparations
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2856502/
▪ Menthol blocks dihydropyridine-insensitive Ca2+ channels and induces neurite
outgrowth in human neuroblastoma cells
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2154507/
• Tobacco

o Cigarettes or Nicotine gum

▪ Effects of cigarette smoking on SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in
the respiratory epithelium
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986690/
▪ ACE-2 Expression in the Small Airway Epithelia of Smokers and COPD
Patients: Implications for COVID-19
• https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/early/2020/03/26/13993003.
00688-2020
▪ Nicotine Impairs the Response of Lung Epithelial Cells to IL-22
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7066416/
▪ Vaping Away Epithelial Integrity
 • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6670025/
▪ Cigarette smoke impairs airway epithelial barrier function and cell–cell
contact recovery
• https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/39/2/419
▪ Smoking, immunity, and DNA damage
• https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/27925/html
▪ Nicotine exposure and bronchial epithelial cell nicotinic acetylcholine
receptor expression in the pathogenesis of lung cancer
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC151841/
▪ Control of Lung Epithelial Growth by a Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2770708/
• As ligand-gated ion channels, nAChRs undergo complex allosteric
changes in response to binding either the endogenous ligand
acetylcholine or exogenous ligands, including nicotine. Although
nAChRs are classically linked to the plasma membrane
depolarization required for neurotransmission, non-neuronal
nAChRs in the lung act most frequently as calcium channels and
have been linked to regulatory proteins such as src and
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which can control cell proliferation.
▪ Contribution of α7 nicotinic receptor to airway epithelium dysfunction
under nicotine exposure
• https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1216939110
▪ Electronic cigarette vapor with nicotine causes airway mucociliary
dysfunction preferentially via TRPA1 receptors
• https://www.thoracic.org/about/newsroom/press-releases/ecigs-
and-mucociliary-dysfunction.pdf
▪ Nicotine induces cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal
transition in a variety of human cancer cell lines
• https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijc.23894
▪ Nicotine signals through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine
receptors in both human bronchial epithelial cells and airway fibroblasts
• https://respiratory-
research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1465-9921-5-27
▪ Nicotinic alpha 7 receptor expression and modulation of the lung
epithelial response to lipopolysaccharide
• https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pon
e.0175367
• Cannabinoids
o Full spectrum hemp/Delta-8 THC/Medical Cannabis
▪ Impact of Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Endocannabinoids in the Lungs
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5023687/
▪ Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227007/
▪ Inhaled marijuana smoke disrupts mitochondrial energetics in pulmonary
epithelial cells in vivo
• https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajplung.00371.2005
▪ The potential of cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation in
respiratory diseases
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299921007160
▪ Cannabis compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in vitro in COVID-19-
related inflammation in lung epithelial cells and pro-inflammatory activity in
macrophages
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81049-2
▪ Differential inflammatory profile in the lungs of mice exposed to cannabis smoke
with varying THC:CBD ratio
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-023-03514-3
▪ Not all vaping is the same: differential pulmonary effects of vaping cannabidiol
versus nicotine
• https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2023/05/16/thorax-2022-218743
▪ Effects of Marijuana Smoking on the Lung
• https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1513/annalsats.201212-127fr
▪ Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication through induction of the host ER
stress and innate immune responses
• https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi6110
▪ In search of preventive strategies: novel high-CBD Cannabis sativa extracts
modulate ACE2 expression in COVID-19 gateway tissues
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746344/
▪ Modulation of pulmonary immune function by inhaled cannabis products and
consequences for lung disease
• https://respiratory-
research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-023-02399-1
▪ Involvement of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR Axis in Pulmonary Fibrosis:
Implications for COVID-19
• https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/23/12955
▪ New AKT-dependent mechanisms of anti-COVID-19 action of high-CBD Cannabis
sativa extracts
• https://www.nature.com/articles/s41420-022-00876-y
▪ ACE2 Expression in Organotypic Human Airway Epithelial Cultures and Airway
Biopsies
• https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.813087/full
▪ Cannabinoids Block Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 and the Emerging Variants
• https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00946