MATERIALS AND TOOLS

Collection of Materials

● Cardboard
● Plastic bottle
● Plastic cover
● Parcel box
● Newspaper

Collection of Tools
● Scissors
● Glue gun
● Tape
● pencil
● Cutter knife
● Masking tape
● Surgical knife
● Cutting mat

Pictures of Materials

1. Cardboard
Cardboard is a lightweight, rigid material made from layers of paper pulp or fiberboard.
It is commonly used for packaging, shipping, and a variety of other applications due to
its strength, customizability, and recyclability. Cardboard is known for its rough texture
and is available in various thicknesses and colors, with brown being the most common.
It is an eco-friendly choice as it is biodegradable and can be easily recycled.

Advantages of Cardboard

 Low Cost: Cardboard is relatively inexpensive compared to other packaging

materials like plastic or metal.
 Recyclable: It is recyclable and biodegradable, making it an eco-friendly choice.
 Lightweight: Cardboard is lightweight, which can reduce shipping costs and
energy consumption.
 Customizable: It can be easily cut, folded, and printed on, making it versatile for
various packaging and display purposes.
 Insulating Properties: Cardboard provides some insulation, which can protect
products from temperature changes.
 Shock Absorption: It can absorb shock and protect items during shipping.
 Versatility: Cardboard is used in a wide range of applications, from packaging to
arts and crafts.

Disadvantages of Carboard

 Durability: Cardboard is not as durable as materials like plastic or metal, making

it less suitable for long-term use or protection in harsh conditions.
 Susceptible to Moisture: Cardboard can easily get damaged when exposed to
moisture, which limits its use in wet environments.
 Limited Strength: It may not be strong enough to protect fragile or heavy items
without additional reinforcement.
 Fire Hazard: Cardboard is flammable and poses a fire risk if not treated with
flame-resistant coatings.
 Environmental Impact: While recyclable, the production process can still have
environmental impacts, such as deforestation for raw materials and energy
consumption during manufacturing.

Applications of Cardboard
 Packaging: Cardboard is widely used for packaging products of all kinds, from
food to electronics. It offers protection during shipping and can be customized
with branding and information.

 Moving Boxes: Cardboard boxes are essential for moving household items due
to their lightweight yet sturdy nature.

 Retail Displays: Cardboard is used to create eye-catching retail displays,

including standees, shelf displays, and product packaging.

 Arts and Crafts: Cardboard is a favorite material for DIY projects, such as making
models, costumes, and artwork.

 Furniture: Cardboard furniture is a sustainable and lightweight option for

temporary or portable furnishings.

 Architectural Models: Architects often use cardboard to create scale models of

buildings and structures.

 Prototyping: Designers and inventors often use cardboard for quick and low-cost
prototyping of product ideas.

2. Plastic Bottles

Plastic bottles are commonly used containers made from various types of plastic,
such as PET or HDPE. They are versatile, lightweight, and durable, often used
for storing and transporting beverages, personal care products, cleaning
supplies, and more. However, their widespread use has raised environmental
concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature and contribution to plastic
pollution. Recycling and responsible disposal are essential to mitigate their
environmental impact.

Advantages of Plastic Bottles:

 Lightweight: Plastic bottles are lightweight, making them easy to carry and
transport, which is especially useful for beverages and consumer goods.
 Durability: They are durable and resistant to breakage, which reduces the
risk of spills and product damage.
 Versatility: Plastic bottles can be manufactured in various shapes and
sizes, making them suitable for a wide range of products.
 Cost-Effective: Production costs for plastic bottles are often lower than
alternative materials like glass or metal.
 Recyclable: Many plastic bottles are recyclable, which can help reduce the
environmental impact if disposed of properly.
 Transparency: Some plastic bottles are transparent, allowing consumers
to see the contents, which is useful for beverages and certain products.

Disadvantages of Plastic Bottles:

 Environmental Impact: Plastic bottles are a major contributor to plastic

pollution when not recycled or disposed of correctly. They can take
hundreds of years to decompose in the environment.
 Non-Biodegradable: Most plastics used in bottles are non-biodegradable,
meaning they do not naturally break down, posing long-term
environmental threats.
 Chemical Leaching: In some cases, chemicals from the plastic can leach
into the contents, potentially affecting the quality and safety of food or
beverages.
  Limited Reuse: Reusable plastic bottles may degrade over time and can
harbor bacteria if not properly cleaned and maintained.
 Oil Dependency: Many plastic bottles are made from petroleum-based
plastics, contributing to the demand for fossil fuels.
 Aesthetic Issues: Over time, exposure to light and heat can cause plastic
bottles to become discolored or brittle.

Applications of Plastic Bottles

 Plastic bottles find a wide range of applications due to their versatility and
convenience. Some common applications include:

 Beverage Packaging: Plastic bottles are extensively used for packaging

beverages like water, soda, juice, and sports drinks due to their lightweight and
durability.

 Personal Care Products: Many toiletries and personal care products, such as
shampoo, conditioner, and body wash, are packaged in plastic bottles.

 Cleaning Products: Household cleaning agents like detergents, bleach, and

dishwashing liquids often come in plastic bottles.

 Pharmaceuticals: Prescription and over-the-counter medications are frequently

dispensed in plastic bottles.

 Food Products: Condiments like ketchup and salad dressings are often sold in
plastic squeeze bottles. Some food items, such as honey or cooking oils, are also
packaged in plastic containers.

 Cosmetics: Cosmetic products, including lotions, creams, and hair care products,
are commonly found in plastic bottles and jars.

 Industrial and Chemicals: Plastic bottles are used to store and transport various
chemicals, oils, lubricants, and industrial solvents.

 Household Use: Plastic bottles have everyday household uses, such as storing
liquids like water, milk, or homemade juices.
  Art and Crafts: Plastic bottles can be repurposed for art projects, gardening, and
DIY crafts.

 Construction: In some cases, plastic bottles filled with sand or other materials
have been used as building blocks in construction for eco-friendly structures.

3. Plastic cover

Plastic covers, often referred to as plastic bags or plastic film, are thin, flexible sheets
made from various types of plastic, typically polyethylene. They are commonly used for
packaging and protection in various applications. Plastic covers are lightweight,
transparent or translucent, and come in various sizes and thicknesses. They are widely
used for packaging groceries, protecting items from dust and moisture, and as
disposable trash bags. However, their single-use nature and environmental impact,
particularly in terms of plastic pollution, have led to increased efforts to reduce their
usage and promote eco-friendly alternatives like reusable bags or biodegradable films.

Advantages of Plastic Covers:

 Convenience: Plastic covers are lightweight, easy to carry, and convenient for
packaging and transporting various items.
 Protection: They provide protection from dust, moisture, and contaminants,
helping to keep items clean and dry.
 Transparency: Many plastic covers are transparent, allowing for easy
identification of the contents without the need to open them.
 Cost-Effective: Plastic covers are often cost-effective to produce and purchase,
making them accessible for various applications.
  Versatility: They come in various sizes and shapes, suitable for a wide range of
items, from groceries to clothing.
 Disposable and Hygienic: Plastic covers are disposable, which can be hygienic
for certain applications, such as food packaging.

Disadvantages of Plastic Covers:

 Environmental Impact: Plastic covers contribute significantly to plastic pollution

when improperly disposed of. They are often not biodegradable and can persist
in the environment for a long time.
 Single-Use: Many plastic covers are intended for single-use, leading to increased
waste generation.
 Resource Intensive: The production of plastic covers relies on petroleum-based
resources, contributing to the demand for fossil fuels.
 Health Concerns: In some cases, there are concerns about potential chemical
leaching from plastic covers into the items they protect, especially in contact with
food.
 Aesthetic Issues: Over time, exposure to sunlight and environmental factors can
cause plastic covers to become brittle, discolored, or torn.
 Alternatives: Growing awareness of environmental issues has led to a shift
towards reusable bags, biodegradable films, and other eco-friendly packaging
options, reducing the demand for plastic covers.

Applications of Plastic Covers

 Retail Shopping: Plastic bags are often used to carry purchased items from retail
stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores.

 Food Packaging: Plastic covers are used for packaging and protecting various
food items, such as fruits, vegetables, bread, and meat, in grocery stores and at
home.

 Trash Bags: Plastic bags serve as disposable liners for trash cans and bins,
making it easier to collect and dispose of garbage.
 Storage: Plastic covers are used to protect and store a variety of items, including
clothing, bedding, and other household goods.

 Dry Cleaning: Dry cleaners commonly use plastic bags to protect and package
cleaned clothing.

 Packaging and Shipping: Plastic film is used for wrapping and protecting
products during shipping and distribution.

 Carryout and Takeout: Plastic bags are commonly used by restaurants and food
establishments for takeout and delivery orders.

4. Parcel Box

A parcel box is a secure container typically installed outside a home or business,

designed to receive and protect packages and mail deliveries. It provides a
convenient and safe way to receive parcels when the recipient is not available to
receive them in person, helping to prevent theft or damage to delivered items.
Parcel boxes come in various shapes and sizes, with features such as locks,
codes, or electronic access mechanisms to ensure the security of the contents
until they are retrieved by the owner.

Advantages of Parcel Box:

 Security: Parcel boxes enhance the security of delivered items by

protecting them from theft, weather, or damage.
  Convenience: They offer a convenient way to receive packages when
you're not at home, eliminating the need to reschedule deliveries.
 Privacy: Parcel boxes keep your packages hidden from prying eyes and
prevent them from being left in plain view.
 Contactless Delivery: In situations like pandemics, parcel boxes enable
contactless delivery, reducing the risk of contagion.
 Time-Saving: You don't have to rush home to receive a package, saving
you time and reducing stress.
 Versatility: Parcel boxes come in various sizes and designs,
accommodating a wide range of package sizes and shapes.

Disadvantages of Parcel Box:

 Cost: Installing a parcel box can be an initial investment, including

purchase and installation costs.
 Space Requirements: They require space on your property, which might
not be feasible for everyone.
 Maintenance: Parcel boxes may need occasional maintenance, such as
cleaning or battery replacement for electronic locks.
 Limited Capacity: Smaller parcel boxes might not accommodate larger
packages or multiple deliveries in a single day.
 Delivery Compatibility: Some delivery services may not be familiar with
using parcel boxes, leading to occasional delivery issues.
 Vulnerability to Theft: While designed to deter theft, determined thieves
might still attempt to break into parcel boxes.

.
c Parcel Box
 Parcel boxes have various applications, primarily centered around receiving and
safeguarding deliveries. Here are some common applications:

 Residential Use: Homeowners can use parcel boxes to receive packages,

groceries, and mail securely, especially when they're not home during delivery
hours.

 Multifamily Housing: Parcel boxes in apartment buildings or condos enable

residents to collect their parcels safely, reducing the burden on property
management.
  E-commerce Businesses: Small businesses or online retailers can use parcel
boxes as a central point for receiving and dispatching orders.

 Offices: Parcel boxes in office buildings help employees collect packages and
important mail items securely.

 Vacation Rentals: Property owners or hosts of vacation rentals can use parcel
boxes to receive guests' mail and deliveries.

 Student Housing: Colleges and universities often provide parcel boxes for
students in dormitories, ensuring the secure delivery of textbooks and personal
items.

 Remote Locations: Parcel boxes can be useful in rural or remote areas where
mail delivery

5. Newspapers

A newspaper is a printed publication that provides news and information on a

wide range of topics, including current events, politics, sports, entertainment,
business, and more. It typically consists of articles, photographs, and
advertisements and is distributed daily or periodically to inform and engage
readers about the latest developments in the world and their local communities.
Newspapers play a vital role in journalism, serving as a primary source of
information for many people.

Advantages of Newspapers:
  Reliable Source of Information: Newspapers are often considered a
credible and reliable source of news and information due to their rigorous
editorial processes and fact-checking standards.
 In-Depth Coverage: They provide in-depth coverage of local, national, and
international news, offering detailed analysis and context on various
topics.
 Historical Record: Newspapers serve as a historical record, documenting
events, trends, and stories for future reference and research.
 Diverse Content: Newspapers cover a wide range of topics, including
politics, sports, culture, science, and more, catering to diverse interests.

Disadvantages of Newspapers:

 Limited Timeliness: Printed newspapers may have a delay in reporting

breaking news compared to digital news sources due to production and
distribution times.
 Declining Circulation: With the rise of digital media, the circulation of
printed newspapers has declined, leading to financial challenges for many
newspapers.
 Environmental Impact: The production of newspapers consumes
resources like paper and ink, contributing to environmental concerns.
 Lack of Interactivity: Unlike digital media, newspapers do not offer
interactive features, such as multimedia content or immediate reader
feedback.

Application of Newspaper

 Information Source: They provide news, current events, and information

on a wide range of topics, keeping readers informed about local, national,
and global developments.

 Education: Newspapers are used as educational tools in schools and

colleges to improve reading comprehension, critical thinking, and
awareness of current affairs.

 Research: Researchers and academics use newspapers as primary

sources for historical and sociological studies, examining past events and
societal trends.
  Advertising: Newspapers serve as platforms for businesses and
individuals to advertise products, services, job openings, and more.

 Entertainment: They often include sections on arts, culture, and

entertainment, featuring reviews of movies, books, and events.

 Opinion and Editorial: Newspapers publish opinion pieces, editorials, and

letters to the editor, allowing readers to express their views and engage in
debates.

Pictures of Tools
1.Scissors

Scissors are cutting tools with two sharp blades hinged at a pivot point, used for cutting
various materials with precision.

2. Glue gun
A glue gun is a handheld tool that uses heated adhesive sticks to bond materials
together for crafts, repairs, and more.

3.Tape

Cello tape, also known as transparent tape or Scotch tape, is a transparent adhesive
tape used for sticking items together and mending.

4.Pencil
A pencil is a writing instrument with a graphite or colored core encased in wood or
plastic, used for drawing or writing.

5. Cutter knife

A cutter knife, also known as a utility or box cutter, is a small, sharp tool used for
cutting various materials.

6. Masking tape

Masking tape is a type of adhesive tape with moderate stickiness, often used in
painting and crafting to create clean, straight lines.
 7. Surgical Knife

A surgical knife, used in medical procedures, should not be repurposed for crafts due to
safety and contamination risks.

8. Cutting mat

A cutting mat is a self-healing, protective surface, often made of PVC, used for precise
cutting with sharp tools like knives or rotary cutters in crafting and design.