Stem Dakahlia Geology Club: Skills: - Learning Outcome: 1

Stem Dakahlia Geology club
Grade:10
Semester:1
Skills: -
- Learning
‣Design an interdisciplinary
outcome: 1 net of the different geology branches
‣Explain and analyze the
nature of the relationships between
geology branches.
- References:
- Earth science.
-Concepts:
- https://sites.tntech.edu/ The contribution of geology to the
hwleimer/geol- different domains in our lives.
1040/geol-1040-
lecture/branches-of-
geology/
- Presented by:
- Sara Bealy
- Omar El-metwally
Earth science
What is the earth science?
-It’s the scientific study of earth and the universe around it.
-This science assumes that natural events or phenomena can be explained through careful
observation and explanation.
Branches of Earth science:

1-Oceanography:
-It’s the science which studies the earth’s oceans which cover nearly three fourths of Earth’s
surface.
-Some oceanographers work on research ships that are equipped with special instruments for
studying the sea.
-Other oceanographers study waves, tides and ocean currents.
-Others explore the ocean floor to obtain clues to Earth’s history or to locate the mineral
deposits.
3-Astronomy:
-It’s the science that studies the universe beyond Earth.
-The ancient Babylonians charted the positions of planets and stars nearly 4,000 years ago.
-Modern astronomers use Earth-based and space-based telescopes as well as other instruments
to study the sun, the moon, the planets and the universe.
-Technologies such as recovers and space probers have also provided astronomers with new
information about the universe.
4-Environmental science:
-It’s the science that understands and solves the problems that result from how we use natural
resources and how our actions affect on environment.
-Many fields of study such as Earth science, biology and social studies contribute to
environmental science.
5-Geology:
-It’s the science that studies the origin, history, processes and the structure of solid earth.
-Some geologists explore Earth’s crust for deposits of coal, oil, gas and other resources.
-Other geologists study the forces within Earth to predict earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
-Others study fossils to learn more about Earth’s past.
Importance of Earth science:
1-Prediction of potential disasters by understanding how natural forces shape our environment.
2-Understanding our place in universe.
3-Learning about the origins of universe.
4-Studying the evolution of life on Earth by studying the rock layers.
5-Helping us to use Earth’s resources such as:
-The fuel that powers a jet.
-The metal used in surgical instruments.
Branches of Geology
1-Physical Geology:
• Physical Geology deals the nature and properties of materials composing the earth, the
distribution of materials throughout the globe, the processes by which they are formed,
altered, transported, and distorted, and the nature anddevelopment of the landscape.
2- Hydrology:
• Hydrology is the study of the distribution, conservation, use, etc., of the water of the
earth and its atmosphere, particularly at the land surface.
3- Historical geology:
• Historical Geology is the branch of Geology which studies the record(history) of the
physical and biologic development on the earth and the evolution of the earth and its life
forms from its origin to the present using the principles of Geology to reconstruct and
understand that history.
4- Mineralogy:
• Mineralogy is the branch of Geology which studies the physical and chemical properties
of minerals, their structure and the ways of distinguishing them.
5- Petrology:
• Petrology studies the characteristics and origin of rocks.
• It is the composition, origin, structure, classification and the formation of rocks.
6- Petrography:
• Petrography is a branch of Petrology that studies the lab analysis, microscopic
investigation and the description of rocks.
7- Paleontology:
• Paleontology studies the ancient life for example: it studies the fossil organisms and
related remains.
8- Structural Geology:
• Structural Geology studies the deformation on of rocks and the three-dimensional
distribution of rock units with respect to their deformational histories.
9- Stratigraphy:
• Stratigraphy is the study of the composition, relative positions, arrangement,
succession etc., of rock strata in order to determine their geologicalhistory.
10- Geomorphology:
• Geomorphology studies the land forms and its characteristics, configuration,
development of the topographical features and the evolution of the earth’s surface.
Question
1- The study of Earth’s solid material and structures, and the processes that create them.
a- Oceanography
b- Meteorology
c-Geology
d-Astronomy
2- The study of everything in 70% of Earth’s surface.
a- Astronomy
b- Meteorology
c- Geology
d- Oceanography
3- Weather predictions have become much more accurate in recent years due to radar and
satellites.
a- True
b-False
4- The study of the effects of people on the environment.
a- Meteorology
b- Environmental science
c-Geology
d-Astronomy
5- Included in the science of __________ is how weather affects the ocean; included in the
science of __________ is how the ocean affects climate.
a-Climatology; Meteorology
b-Meteorology; Meteorology
c-Climatology; Climatology
d- Meteorology; Climatology
6- If you were to study the rocks that are found at the bottom of the ocean basins, you would
be studying this.
a- Geological Oceanography
b- Oceanography
c- Meteorology
d- Geology
7- What instruments or devices do astronomers use to study space?
a- Telescopes
b- Spacecraft
c-Satellites
d- All of the above
8- Earth Science is known as a combined science because it applies principles from chemistry,
physics and biology to the study of Earth.
a- True
b- False
9- Geologists search for natural resources, such as minerals and fuels.
a) True
b) False
10- Hydrogeology is related to
A- Studies of fossils and the remains of living organisms.
B- The study of the relief and the topographical features of an area of a region.
C- Whatever concerns groundwater aquifers, supply and withdrawal and use of water in
agriculture and land reclamation
D- A specific branch that is concerned with oil exploration, environment of its formation,
accumulation, reservoirs, traps, structures involved and production.
11-What is the science which dealing with the occurrence and distribution of underground
water?
A- Meteorology
B- Geomorphology
C- Hydrogeology
D- Sedimentology
12-The branch of Earth science that deals with objects beyond the Earth's atmosphere……….
A- Meteorology
B- Astronomy
C- Oceanography
D- Climatology
13-The Branch of geology that deals with crystal forms is ………
A-Stratigraphy
B- Meteorology
C- Sedimentology
D- Mineralogy
14-The study of the characteristics, origin, and development of landforms …….
A- Geology
B- Geomorphology
C- Geochemistry
D- Sedimentology
15-The atmosphere is ……………….

a- the solid Earth.
B- the frozen part of the hydrosphere (cryosphere)
c-the water of the earth.
d- the gaseous envelope that surrounds earth.
16-The cryosphere is ……………….

a- the solid Earth.
b- the frozen part of the hydrosphere
c- the water of the earth.
17-The lithosphere is ……………….
a- the solid Earth that includes continental and oceanic crust.
b- the frozen part of the hydrosphere
c-the water of the earth.
18-The branch of Earth science which studies the structure of the solid earth and the forces
that apply on it.
A- Geology
B- Astronomy
C- Meteorology
D- Environmental science
19-The branch of geology which studies the behavior of light through minerals.
A-Stratigraphy
B- Meteorology
C- Sedimentology
D-Optical Mineralogy
20-The branch of geology which studies the past life of earth with fossil record.
A-Stratigraphy
B- paleontology
C- Sedimentology
21-The branch of geology which studies the Earth materials used in industry.
A-Stratigraphy
B-Economic geology
C-Sedimentology
22- The branch of geology which studies the deformation of rocks in lithosphere.
A-Structural geology
B-Economic geology
C-Sedimentology
23-The branch of Earth science which studies problems like pollution and global warming.
A- Geology
B- Astronomy
C- Meteorology
24- The branch of Earth science which studies the oceans and organisms that live in them.
A- Geology
B- Astronomy
C- Oceanography
25-The branch of geology which deals with applications of Geo in engineering practice.
A-Structural geology
B-Engineering geology
C-Sedimentology
Guide answers
1-C 2-D
3-A 4-B
5-B 6-B
7-D 8-A
9-A 10-C
11-C 12-B
13-D 14-B
15-D 16-B
17-A 18-A
19-D 20-B
21-B 22-A
23-D 24-C
25-B

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Stem Dakahlia Geology club

Branches of Earth science:

A- Studies of fossils and the remains of living organisms.

13-The Branch of geology that deals with crystal forms is ………

14-The study of the characteristics, origin, and development of landforms …….

15-The atmosphere is ……………….

16-The cryosphere is ……………….

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